^LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. J 

§ __^ ^_ 

u i 

* UNITED STATES OP AMERICA. § 



T>. 






6oi 



PHYSICIAN'S 



DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK, 

CONTAINING 

THE DOSES AND USES 



THE PRINCIPAL ARTICLES OF THE MATERIA 
MEDICA AND OFFICINAL PREPARATIONS : 



ALSO, 



Table of Weights and Measures. 
Rules to Proportion the Doses of 

Medicines. 
Common Abbreviations used in 

Writing Prescriptions. 
Table of Poisons and Antidotes. 



Index of Diseases and Treat- 
ment. 

Pharmaceutical Preparations. 

Table of Symptomatology. 

Outlines of General Pathology 
-and Therapeutics. 



BY 

JOSEPH H. WYTHES, A.M., M.D., 

LATE SURGEON U. S. VOL'S ; AUTHOR OF " TH-E--3nURTTS€OPIST.'' 
ETC., ETC. 



ifottlj (Sbiitoit. 




PHILADELPHIA: 
LINDSAY & BLAKISTON. 

1871. 



V 




Wfff 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1871, 

By LINDSAY & BLAKISTON, 

In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



Sherman & Co., Printers. 



PREFACE. 



The favor with which this little manual has 
been received, and the number of copies sold, 
is proof of its utility. It was compiled for the 
assistance of students, and to furnish a vade 
mecum for the general practitioner which would 
save the trouble of reference to larger and more 
elaborate works. 

During the author's connection with army 
hospitals at Washington, on the Potomac, and 
on the Pacific Coast, he noticed with pleasure 
that it was in frequent use by the attending 
surgeons, and he trusts that the present im- 
proved edition will prove even more useful 
than the past. 



DOSE AND SYMPTOM BOOK. 



I. 

TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 



APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 

Pound. Ounces. Drachms. Scruples. Grains. 

R> 1 == 12 = 96 = 288 = 5760 

3 1 = 8 = 24 = 480 

5 1 ._== 3 = 60 

9 1= 20 



APOTHECARIES' OR WINE MEASURE. 

Gallon. Pints. Fluidounces. Fluidrachms. Minims. 
Cong, 1 = 8 = 128 = 1024 = 61440 
1= 16 = 128 = 7680 
f| 1 = 8 = 480 

fg 1 = t»K 60 
The drop of water is about equal to a minim, 60 drops 
being equal to a fluidrachm. It is important, 
however, to bear in mind that this is by no means 



TABLE OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES'. 

the case with other fluids ; for example, a minim 
of the tinctures being about equal to two drops, or 
120 drops to the fluidrachm. 



DOMESTIC MEASURES. 



A teacup is considered equal to 4 fluidounces. 
A wineglass " u 2 u 

A tablespoon " " J " 

A teaspoon u u 1 fluidrachm. 



II. 



KULES TO PKOPOETION THE DOSES OF 
MEDICINE. 



In prescribing, the following circumstances should 
always be kept in view : — Age, Sex, Temperament, 
Habit, Climate, the condition of the stomach, and 
Idiosyncrasy. 

Age. — For an adult, suppose the dose to be one, or 1 
drachm. Under 1 year will require only l-12th or 
5 grains. Under 2 years will require only l-8th, 
or 7J grains. Under 3 years' will require only l-6th, 
or 10 grains. Under 4 years will require only l-4th , 
or 15 grains. Under 7 years will require only l-3d, 
or 1 scruple. Under 14 years will require only J, 
or J drachm. Under 20 years will require only 
2-3ds, or 2 scruples. Above 21 years the full dose, 
1 drachm. Above 65, the inverse gradation of the 
above. 

Opiates affect children more powerfully than adults, 
but children bear larger doses of calomel than 
adults. 

Sex. — Women require smaller doses than men ; they 
are more rapidly affected by purgatives than men, 
and the condition of the uterine system must never 
be overlooked. 



8 RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. 

Temperament. — Stimulants and purgatives more 
readily affect the sanguine than the phlegmatic, and 
consequently the former require smaller doses. 

Habits. — The knowledge of habits is essential ; for 
persons in the habitual use of stimulants and nar- 
cotics, require larger doses to affect them when 
laboring under disease, while those who have habit- 
uated themselves to the use of saline purgatives, are 
more easily affected by these remedies. Persons, 
however, who have habituated themselves to the 
use of opium, do not require larger doses than usual 
of other narcotics. 

Climate. — Medicines act differently on the same in- 
dividual in summer and in winter, and in different 
climates. Narcotics act more powerfully in hot 
than in cold climates, hence smaller doses are re- 
quired in the former; but the reverse is the case 
with regard to calomel. 

Condition or the Stomach, and Idiosyncrasy. — 
The least active remedies operate very violently on 
some individuals, owing to a peculiarity of stomach, 
or rather disposition of body, unconnected with 
temperament. This state can be discovered only 
by accident or time ; but when it is known, it 
should always be attended to. 

In prescribing, the practitioner should always so reg- 
ulate the intervals between the doses, that the next 
dose may be taken before the effect produced by 
the first is altogether effaced ; for, by not attending 
to this circumstance, the cure is always commenc- 
ing, but never proceeding. It should, however, also 
be kept in mind, that some medicines, such as the 
mercurial salts, arsenic, &c, are apt to accumulate 
in the system ; and danger may thence arise, if the 
doses too rapidly succeed one another. The action 
also of some remedies, elaterium and digitalis, for 



RULES TO PROPORTION DOSES. 9 

example, continue long after the remedy is left off; 
and therefore much caution is requisite in avoiding 
too powerful an effect, by a repetition of them even 
in diminished doses. Aloes and castor oil acquire 
activity by continued use, so that the dose requires 
to be diminished. 

The following simple rule, given by Dr. Young, will 
be found very useful as a guide in prescribing for 
children. 

For children under 12 years of age, the doses of most 
medicines must be diminished in the proportion of 
the age to the age increased by 12 : thus at 2 years 
2 

^ — viz. =1 : or, in other words, add the age to 

2+12 
12, and divide the sum by the age, and the product 
will be the proportion of the dose to that of an 
adult. At 21, the full dose may be given. 



III. 

COMMON ABBKEVIATIONS USED IN 
WRITING PRESCRIPTIONS. 



Abbreviation 


Latin. 


English. 


aa 


Ana. 


Of each. 


Ad lib. 


Ad libitum. 


At pleasure. 


Ad saturand. 


Ad saturandum. 


Until saturated. 


Aq. ferv. 


Aqua fervens. 


Hot water. 


Aq. tepid. 


Aqua tepida. 


Warm water. 


Chart. 


Chartula. 


A small paper. 


Coch. mag. 


Cochlear magnum. 


A tablespoonful. 


Coch. parv. 


Cochlear parvum. 


A teaspoonful. 


Colent. 


Colentur. 


Let them be strained 


Collyr. 


Collyrium. 


An eyewater. 


Contus. 


Contusus. 


Bruised. 


P. vel. ft. 


Fiat vel fiant. 


Let them be made. 


Pol. 


Folium vel folia. 


A leaf or leaves. 


Grarg. 


Gargarisma. 


A gargle. 


Gtt. 


Gutta vel guttse. 


A drop or drops. 


Haust. 


Haustus. 


A draught. 


Infus. 


Infusis. 


An infusion. 


M. 


Misce. 


Mix. 


Mass. 


Massa. 


A mass. 


Mist. 


Mistura. 


A mixture. 


Pil. 


Pilula vel pilulee. 


A pill or pills. 


Pulv. 


Pulvis vel pulveres. 


A powder or powders 


Q. s. 


Quantum sufficit. 


A sufficient quantity 


fy. 


Recipe. 


Take. 


Rad. 


Radix. 


A root. 


S. 


Signa. 


Write. 


Ss. 


Semis. 


The half. 


Tinct. 


Tinctura. 


A tincture. 



IV. 

TABLE OF POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



In all cases of poisoning, the first step is to evacu- 
ate the stomach, which should be effected by one of 
those emetics which is most powerful and speedy in 
its operation, as sulphate of zinc, or sulphate of cop- 
per. When vomiting has already taken place, copi- 
ous draughts of warm water or mucilaginous drinks 
should be given, to keep up the effect till the poison- 
ing substance has been evacuated. If vomiting can- 
not be produced, the stomach-pump must be used. 

Inflammation of the stomach, congestion of the 
brain, and other symptoms, are to be treated on gen- 
eral principles, viz. : by bloodletting, cold applica- 
tions, revulsives, cool mucilaginous drinks, milk, 
lime-water, &c. When prostration exists, stimulants 
should be resorted to, as in other cases. 

The following is a list of the usual poisoning sub- 
stances, with the appropriate remedies : 

POISONS. ANTIDOTES. 

Acids. The Alkalies. Common soap (soft 

or hard) in solution is an efficient 
remedy, and has the advantage 
of being always at hand. It 
should be followed by copious 
draughts of tepid water or flax- 
seed tea. For nitric and oxalic 



12 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



acids, the carbonates of magnesia 
and lime (chalk and water) are 
the best antidotes. When sul- 
phuric acid has been taken, the 
use of much water will be im- 
proper. 

Alkalies and The Vegetable acids. v Common 
their salts. vinegar being always at hand, is 

most frequently used. The fixed 
oils, as castor, flaxseed, almond 
and olive oils, form soaps with 
the alkalies, and thus, also, de- 
stroy their caustic effect. They 
should be given in large quanti- 
ties. 

Earths. Epsom or Glauber's Salts, in solu- 

Baryta and its tion, or diluted sulphuric acid, 

salts. The fixed oils also have the same 

Lime. effect as with the alkalies proper 

when not in a compound state. 

Iodine. Starch, or wheat flour, in large 

Iodide of Potas- quantities well mixed with water. 

sium. For Iodide of potassium, there 

being no antidote, vomiting must 

be promoted by copious draughts 

of warm water. 

Antimony and Astringent Infusions, as of galls, 
its salts. oak bark, Peruvian bark, or green 

tea, very strong. 

Arsenic and its Hydrated Peroxide of Iron, in ta- 
compounds. blespoonful doses every 5 or 10 

minutes. See Ferri Oxidum Hy- 
dratum. 
Freshly precipitated Magnesia, De- 
mulcents, &c. 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



13 



Bismuth and its Albumen. Copious draughts of 
compounds. milk, combined with sweet muci- 

laginous drinks. 

Copper and its Albumen, as milk or whites of eggs 
compounds. in solution, should be freely ad- 

ministered. Vinegar must be 
avoided. 

Gold, salts of. Sulphate of Iron, with a free use of 
mucilaginous drinks. 

Iron, salts of. Carbonate of Soda, with mucilagi- 
nous drinks. 

Lead, salts of. Sulphate of Magnesia (Epsom salts), 
or diluted sulphuric acid. 

Mercury, salts Albumen, as whites of eggs, milk, 
of. or wheat flour beaten up with 

water. 

Silver, salts of. Common salt (chloride of sodium), 
largely given. 

Tin, salts of. Albumen. Whites of eggs, milk, or 

flour. 

Zinc, salts of. Albumen, or carbonate of soda, 
with copious draughts of warm 
water, and especially milk. 

Phosphorus. Magnesia with water, and copious 

draughts of mucilaginous drinks. 

Gases. Ammonia cautiously inhaled is rec- 

ommended for chlorine. As- 
phyxia produced by carbonic 
acid or carbonic oxide gases or 
sulphuretted hydrogen, must be 
treated by copious effusions of 
cold water, especially to the head, 
bloodletting, artificial respira- 



14 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 



tion, stimulants carefully admin- 
istered, &c. 

Creasote. Albumen, or whites of eggs, milk, 

or wheat flour. 

Alcohol or spirit- A powerful emetic should be given, 

uous liquors. followed by copious draughts of 

warm water. Congestion of the 

brain and other symptoms, to be 

treated on general principles. 

Opium and other The chief reliance is to be placed 
narcotics. on the most active emetics (as 

tartar emetic, sulphate of copper, 
or sulphate of zinc), and the 
stomach-pump. Emetics are pref- 
erable to the stomach-pump when 
the narcotic has been taken in 
substance. The patient should 
be kept in motion, and cold water 
dashed on the head and shoulders. 
Bloodletting may become neces- 
sary to relieve congestion. After 
other remedies fail, artificial res- 
piration should be resorted to. 
Strong hot coffee, a teacupful alter- 
nately with vinegar and water 
may be useful. 
Electro-magnetism has also been 
efficacious. 

Poisonous Ser- A cupping-glass over the wound, or 
pents. a tight ligature above it ; cauter- 

ization of wound. "Warm diluent 
drinks and small doses of am- 
monia to promote perspiration. 
Whiskey has been given in large 
doses. 



POISONS AND ANTIDOTES. 15 

Bibron's antidote is as follows: R. 
Potass. Iodicl., gr. iv, Hydrarg. 
chlor. corros., gr. ij, Brominii 
^v. M. 10 drops in a tablespoon- 
ful of wine or brandy, repeated if 
necessary. 



V. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

(After Tanner.) 



Abscess. 

1. Of brain. — Pain, vertigo, paralysis, &c. Treat- 
ment doubtful. 

2. Of external ear. — Pain, swelling, &c. Fomenta- 
tions, &c. 

3. Of tonsil. — Chill, fever, swelling, pain. Open 
towards median line. 

4. Retro-pharyngeal. — Fever, sore throat, swelling, 
&c. Puncture (Tracheotomy?) 

5. Ejnpyerna. Intercostal bulging, dull percussion, 
no murmur. Sinapism, Iod. Potas., Tapping, 
&c, Tonics. 

6. Hepatic— (J)i\\\s, hectic, pain, prostration, &c. 
Tonics. Puncture if parietal adhesion. 

General treatment of abscesses similar. 

If strumous, chemical food (Phosphates of lime, 

iron, soda, and potass., in syrup) and Cod-liver 

oil. 

Bladder Diseases. 

1. Irritability. — Analyze urine chemically and mi- 
croscopically, and trace disease to its source. 
Mucilaginous drinks, &c. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 17 

2. Spasm. — Pain, suppression, tenesmus, &c. Hot 
bath, Camphor or poppy fomentations to peri- 
neum, or lotion of Tinct. Aconite, &c. 

3. Paralysis. — Retention, distension, pain, coma. 
Catheter, hip bath, blisters, &c. 

4. Inflammation. — Catheter, fomentations, baths, 
opium, aconite, mucilages, tonics, &c. If chronic, 
buchu, cubebs, opiate suppositories, &c. 

5. Tumors and calculi. — Chloroform, hot baths, nar- 
cotics, astringents. Analyze urine. Examine 
surgically. Lithotomy. 

Blood Diseases. 

1. Anosmia. — Iron. Chemical food. Tonics. 

2. Chlorosis. — Good food and air, sea bathing. 
Chalybeates. Aloetic aperients. 

3. Hyperemia. — Restricted diet, exercise, salines. 
Liq. potassa, Liq. arsenicalis, Tartar emetic, &c. 

4. Pycemia (absorption of pus). — Shivering, sweat- 
ing, rapid pulse, diarrhoea, pleurisy, peritonitis, 
&c. Death from prostration. Vapor bath. Qui- 
nine. Sulphites. Tonics^ Stimulants. 

5. Acholia (toxaemia fromarrest of bile). — Nervous 
excitement. Typhoid prostration. Coma. Hemor- 
rhage. Sometimes jaundice. Purgatives. Croton 
oil. Hydrochlorate of ammonia. Nitro-hydro- 
chloric acid. 

6. Glucohcemia (Diabetes mellitus). — Symptoms in- 
sidious, feverishness, debility, excessive flow of 
urine, ends in phthisis, or some low form of in- 
flammation. Test urine for sugar. Diet free 
from starch, &c. Muriated Tinct. Iron, Citrate 
of Ammonia, and iron. Quinine, Pepsin, Aperi- 
ents. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Vapor bath. Flan- 
nel, &c. 

7. Urcemia (Toxaemia from absorbed urea). — Dis- 

2 



18 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

turbance of nerve-centres. Convulsions. Coma. 
Albuminuria. Suppression of urine. Yapor 
bath. Acid sponging. Saline aperients. Elater- 
ium. Croton oil. Enema of castor oil and tur- 
pentine. Stimulants, &c. 

8. Thrombosis — Embolism (fibrous coagula in blood- 
vessel). — Support the vital powers, and allay ir- 
ritability. 

9. Scurvy. — Lemon-juice. Fresh vegetables. Kaw 
meat. Citric acid. Iron. Tannin, &c. 

10. Purpura. — Tendency to effusion, petechia, de- 
bility, &c. Treat as for scurvy. 

Bone Diseases. 

1. Caries. — Constitutional disturbance. Deep-seated 
pain. Abscess. Fistulous openings. Probe leads 
to dead bone. Tonics. Iron. Cod-liver oil. 
Chemical food. Kemove dead bone. Inject dilute 
Carbolic acid. 

2. Necrosis (dead bone inclosed incase of new bone, 
necrosis of superficial layer is exfoliation). — 
Operation for removal of sequestrum. 

3. Periostitis. — Pain and tenderness, worse at night. 
Nodes, &c. Calomel and opium. Iodides. Iron. 
Blisters. Belladonna and mercury liniment. In- 
cisions. 

4. Rickets (softening of bone in children). — Animal 
food. Chemical food. Hypophosphite of lime. 
Milk. Cod-liver oil. Salt bath, &c. 

5. Coccyodynia (pain and tenderness of coccyx, often 
very chronic). — Kemove uterine or ovarian 
disease. Nerve tonics. Leeches. Hip baths. Hypo- 
dermic injection of morphia. Subcutaneous sec- 
tion of muscles, or removal of bone. 

Brain Diseases. 

1. Apoplexy.— Care for the predisposition by tern- 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. ]9 

perance, exercise, cold affusion. &c. Bleeding if 
pulse full, hard, and thrilling, but avoid it if 
tendency to syncope. Turpentine enema. Pedi- 
luvia, &c. 

2. Hydrocephalus. — Tonic regimen. Cod-liver oil. 
Salt baths. Khubarb and magnesia. Quinine. 
Iodide of Iron, &c. If fontanelle depressed as 
in spurious hydrocephalus, Chemical food, Raw 
meat, Beef tea, &c. Avoid purges. 

3. Concussion. — Distinguish from compression by 
easy breathing, and natural pupils although 
insensible to light. In compression, there is snor- 
ing and dilated pupil ; in poisoning by opium, 
&c, contracted pupil, livid countenance, &e. 
Stimulants till reaction. Cold to head. Croton 
oil. Enema. Rest, &c. 

4. Coup desoleil (sun-stroke). — Faintness, vertigo, 
sickness, coma. Cold to head. Stimulant-. 
Sinapisms to extremities. Stimulant enema. Ice 
to spine. Friction. 

5. Meningitis. — Fever, pain, delirium, coma. Calo- 
mel and jalap. Croton oil, &c. Iod. Potass. Ice 
to head. Stimulants in collapse. 

6. Chronic Encephalitis (softening, &c). — Vertigo, 
pain, failure of intellect, delusion, constipation, 
&c. Hygienic measures. Cod-liver oil. Blisters 
behind ears, &c. Analyze urine, lest diabetes, 
&c, be mistaken for it. 

7. Alcoholism. — A degrading vice for which the 
person is responsible. Cured by total abstinence. 
Tonics, as Quinine, Pepsine, &c. In delirium 
tremens, Ammonia, Ether, Valerian, Morphia, 
Hydrate of Chloral. Laxatives, &c. 

8. Insanity (mania, monomania, dementia, or 
idioc} r ). — Rest of mind. Sleep. Attend to func- 
tional derangement. 



20 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

9. Headache. — Treat according as it is organic, 
plethoric, bilious or nervous. Intermittent 
hemicrania requires Quinine, &c. 

10. Paralysis:- — May be general, hemiplegic, para- 
plegic, local, rheumatic, from mercury, from 
lead, shaking palsy, progressive muscular atro- 
phy, or progressive locomotor ataxy. Each 
variety requires careful study. Most cases need 
Tonics. 

11. Epilepsy. — In the fit, loosen dress, protect the 
tongue by a cork, &c. Cold affusion to head. In 
the interval, Bromide of Potassium. Quinine. 
Iron. Zinc. Ice bags to spine, &c. 

12. Aphasia (derangement of speech, often sudden, 
and with no real loss of intellect). — Kecovery 
spontaneous if no hemiplegia, otherwise generally 
hopeless. Iod. Potass. 

Female Diseases. 

1. Vulval Disease. — Pruritus often needs general 
treatment and lotions of Acet. Plumbi, Borax, 
Morphia, and Glycerine, &c. Tumors require 
Surgery. Vulvitis needs cleanliness, hip-baths, 
Alum or lead lotions, morphia, &c. Infantile 
leucorrhcea is often strumous. 

2. Vaginal Disease. — Occlusion, prolapsus, and tu- 
mors require Surgery. Vaginitis is acute or 
chronic. The first needs hot hip-baths, warm 
injections, pessaries of oxide of zinc and bella- 
donna, or acetate of lead and opium, &c. The 
chronic (leucorrhcea), mineral acids, Quinine, 
Iron, astringent applications, as Tannin, &c, 
Nit. Silver in solution, or Carbolic acid in Glycer- 
ine (gr. 10 togj). 

3. Uterine Disease. — Cancer, displacements, tumors, 
&c, are surgical. Ulceration of the os needs 






INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 21 

various treatment. Extent, &c, ascertained 
with speculum. Nit. Silver in substance — some- 
times passed in the neck. Pessaries of Iod. 
Lead, Belladonna, Tannin, &c Tonics. — In 
Menorrhagia, ice in vagina or over pubes ; in- 
jections of Tannin, etc.: Tampon; Acet. Lead, 
Opium, Alum, Nutmeg, Cinnamon, Sulph. Acid, 
&c. — Metritis — Repose, low diet, hot hip-baths, 
Opium and belladonna pessaries, Sinapisms to 
epigastrium, Ice, &c. 
4. Ovarian Disease. — Dropsical tumor may need 
ovariotomy; drugs worse than useless. Ovaritis 
treated same as Metritis. If abscess points in 
vagina open with trocar or bistoury. Chronic 
ovaritis is often tedious. Iod. Potass, Bromide 
of Ammonium, Iruii, Quinine, &c. 

Fevers. 

1. Continued Fevers. — 1. Simple continued fever — 
indications are to moderate arterial excitement 
by saline laxatives, rest, and diet; to support the 
system when it flags ; to obviate local inflamma- 
tion and congestion, and to relieve urgent symp- 
toms as they arise. 2. Typhus. Ventilation, 
disinfectants, &c. Tepid sponging. Cold to head. 
Beef tea. Stimulants, &c. Quinine, Iron, and 
Mineral acids during convalescence. 3. Typhoid 
— term often used improperly. Should be re- 
stricted to enteric fever. Treat similar to typhus, 
but avoid aperients, and treat diarrhoea with 
astringents and opium. 4. Relapsing. Amends 
on 5th or 7th day and relapses about 14th. See 
simple fever. 

2. Intermittent Fevers. — Quinine in the intermis- 
sion. The chief types are Quotidian, Tertian, 
and Quartan. 



22 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

3. Remittent Fevers. — Treatment same as Inter- 
mittent. In the severest form, or Yellow fever, 
treat as Typhoid. Avoid Ammonia, and be cau- 
tious with Alcohol. 

4. Eruptive Fevers. — 1. Koseolae. Sometimes simu- 
lates measles, sometimes scarlatina. Citrate of 
magnesia. Warm baths, &c 2. Measles. Rash 
in blotches. Catarrh, &c. Milk diet. Castor oil. 
Inunction, &c. Watch pulmonary complica- 
tions. 3. Scarlet fever. Acetate and Carbonate 
of Ammonia, Inunction, Stimulants, Tonics, &c. 
Watch sequelae, as ulceration of tonsils, abscess 
of ear, anasarca, albuminuria, &c. 4. Chicken- 
pox. Eruption of pimples which on second day 
are transparent vesicles, forming scabs on fourth 
day. Pyrexia slight. 5. Small-pox. Incuba- 
tion 12 days, then fever and great backache, and 
in 48 hours an eruption of small red pimples 
which in a week inflame and suppurate. — In 
simple cases the less drugging the better. In 
cases of depression Quinine, Stimulants, &c. 
Vaccination. 

Incubation. Eruption. Fading. 

Measles 10-14 days. 4th day. 7th day of fever. 
Scarlet-fever 4-6 " 2d " 5th " " 

Small-pox 12 " 2d " Scabs on 9th or 10th 

fall off about 14th. 
6. Erysipelas. Tincture of perchloride of iron. 
Quinine. Fomentations. Solution of Sulphate 
of iron. Nit. Silver, &c. 

Heakt Diseases. 

Pericarditis known by friction sounds, &c. 

Endocarditis by bellows murmur, &c. Valvular 
disease by bellows or musical murmur — if syn- 
chronous with pulse and most audible at apex, 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 23 

mitral disease : if not synchronous and most audible 
over sternum and aorta, aortal disease. 

Hypertrophy leads to increased impulse, dyspnoea, 
palpitation, &c. Dilatation produces debility. 
Functional derangement of heart from hysteria, 
anaemia, neuralgia, &c 3 very common. Requires 
Antispasmodics, Ether, Ammonia, &c. 

Intestinal Diseases. 

1. Colic — from indigestion and flatulence, Ether. 
Ammonia. Brandy. Vomiting Purging. Cas- 
tor oil and laudanum — from mineral poison, 
Sulphate Magnesia, Sulphuric Acid, &c. 

2. Diarrhoea. — Castor oil and laudanum. Calomel, 
&c. Afterwards Astringents, &c. 

3. Obstruction. — Castor oil. Croton oil. Enema. 
Fomentations. Manipulation. 

4. Duodenal Dyspepsia. Pain, faintness, &c, about 
three hours after eating. Mercury. Xitromuriatic 
acid, &c. 

5. Enteritis, — Rest. Opium. Calomel. Fomenta- 
tions, &c. 

6. Dysentery. — Rest. Demulcent drinks. Farinace- 
ous food. Poultices. Castor oil. Opiate enema 
and suppositories. Bismuth. Gallic acid, &c. 

7. Cholera. — Isolation. Disinfectants. (Carbolic 
acid?) Sinapisms. Stimulants, &c. 

8. Hcemorrhoids. — External, should be excised. In- 
ternal removed by ligature. Attention to diges- 
tion, and laxatives relieve. 

Kidney Diseases. 

1. Nephritis. — Hot-hip baths. Fomentations. Mild 
aperients. Diaphoretics, &c. 

2. Chronic Nephritis (Bright's disease, &c.) — 
Examine urine for Albumen. See Urcemia. 

3. Diabetes. — See Glucohcemia. 



24 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

4. Chylous urine. — Gallic acid. Iron, &c. 

5. Hoematuria. — Examine cause. Tinct. Iron. Gal- 
lic acid. Ice to loins, perineum, &c. 

Laryngeal and Tracheal Diseases. 

1. Aphonia. — Functional : Quinine, Iron, Nux 
Vomica, &c. Organic : Nit. Silver. Spray of 
astringent Huids, &c. 

2. Laryngitis. — Acute : Antiphlogistic treatment. 
Warm moist air. Inhalation of stramonium, 
belladonna, &c. Tracheotomy. Chronic : Nit. 
Silver. Inhalation of medicated spray. Alter- 
atives. Tonics. 

. 3. Laryngismus stridulus. — In paroxysm, warm 
bath with cold affusion to head and face. Chloro- 
form, &c. 

4. Dysphonia clericorum (Follicular disease of 
pharyngo-laryngeal membrane — often nervous). 
— Quinine and Iron. Cold shower baths. Iod. 
Potass. Iodohydrargyrate of Potass. Inhala- 
tion of atomized alterative or astringent fluids. 
Sponging the larynx with Nit. Silver (40-60 grs. 
of crystals to ^j Water). Excise tonsils. 

5. Diphtheria (Exudation of false membrane with 
low fever). — Inhalation of acid vapor. Solution 
of hydrochloric acid, chlorinated water, nitrate 
of silver, &c. Tinct. Iron and Quinine. Chlorate 
Potass. Ice, &c. Sometimes Tracheotomy. 

6. Croup. — Spasmodic: Warm bath, Emetics. 
Membranous: Emetics, Calomel. Belladonna to 
throat outside. Inhalations of warm vinegar, &c. 
Tracheotomy. 

Liver Diseases. 

1. Hepatic congestion. — Passive: Sulphate and 
Citrate Magnesia. Senna. Taraxacum, &c. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 25 

Active: Podophyllum. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. 
Aloes, Senna, and Jalap, &c. 

2. Hepatitis. — Rest in bed. Fomentations. Re- 
stricted diet. Sulphate of Soda and Taraxacum. 
Opium, &c. "When chronic: Nitro-hydrochloric 
acid. Hydrochlorate of Ammonia, &c. 

3. Biliary calculi. — Hot baths. Fomentations. 
Morphia. Chloroform. Castor oil, &c. 

4. Jaundice. — From suppression : Sulphate of Soda 
and Taraxacum. Podophyllum. Hydrochlorate 
of Ammonia, &c. From obstruction : Podo- 
phyllum. Aloes. Croton oil. Sulphate of Mag- 
nesia. Fel Bovinum, &c. 

Lung Diseases. 

1. Catarrh. — Warm bath. Dover's powder. Purge. 

2. Influenza. — Rest. Diet of slops. Inhalation of 
vapor. Iodine or Belladonna spray. Sulphate 
Magnesia and Senna. Diaphoretic mixture. 
Quinine. &c, after. 

3. Bronchitis. — Acute : see above. — Chronic, to be 
treated according to its nature. If secretion ex- 
cessive : Alum, Squills, Ammonia, &c. Inhala- 
tion of atomized fluids. 

4. Hooping-cough. — Ipecac, if much mucus. Senega. 
Nitric acid. Tinct. Aconite (1-2 minims). 
Belladonna liniment to spine. Alum and 
ginger, &c. 

5. Asthma.— During paroxysm, a stimulant emetic 
or enema. Ammonia and Ether. Stimulants. 
Tobacco. Datura Tatula cigars. Nitre-paper 
fumes, &c. In interval, tonics, shower-bath, 
&c. Inhalation of spray. 

6. Ernphyseyna. — Invigorating diet, warm clothing. 
Carb. Ammonia. Ether. Quinine. Iron. Stra- 
monium smoking. Warm climate, &c. 



26 INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 

7. Pleurisy. — Rest. Fomentations. Cupping. Ape- 
rients. Opium. Aconite. Cream of Tartar. 
Quinine, &c. 

8. Pleurodynia (neuralgic pain in side). — Bella- 
donna and opium liniment. Sinapisms, &c. 

9. Pneumonia. — Acute: Rest. Moist air. Acetate 
of Ammonia. Opium. Tartarized Antimony. 
Veratrum viride. Fomentations, &c. Chronic: 
Iod. Potass. Iod. Iron. Hydrochlorate Ammo- 
nia. Cod-liver oil, &c. 

10. Pulmonary gangrene. — Ammonia. Quinine. 
Iron, &c. 

11. Phthisis. — Nutritious animal food. Stimulants. 
Cod-liver oil. Iron. Quinine. Inhalations, &c. 

12. Haemoptysis. — Mineral acids. Opium. Inhala- 
tion of perchloride of Iron. Alum, &c. 

Stomach Diseases. 

1. Dyspepsia. — Invigorating means. Rest. Early 
hours. Sea bathing. Disuse of tobacco and alco- 
hol. Avoid indigestible food. Pepsin. Iron. 
Oxgall. Nitro-hydrochloric acid. Bismuth. 
Quinine, &c. Bismuth, Bicarb. Soda, &c, for 
gastralgia. Cod-liver oil, &c, for bulimia. 

2. Gastritis. — Acute: Ice. Enema. Morphia. 
Fomentations. Great care in diet. Chronic: 
Low diet. Ice. Bismuth, &c. 

3. Gastric catarrh (" bilious attack" — "sick head- 
ache"). — Seidlitz powders. Rhubarb. Ipecac. 
Mercury and chalk. Sulphite of Soda. Bis- 
muth, &c. 

4. Ho3matemesis. — Rest. Ice. Alum. Tinct. Iron. 
Quinine and Iron, &c. Enema of beef tea and 
brandy. 

Venereal Diseases. 

1. Balanitis. — Cleanliness. Astringent lotions, &c. 



INDEX OF DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 27 

2. Gonorrhoea. — Acute : Kest. Active purgatives. 
Mild astringent injections. Camphor (5 grs.) 
and belladonna (J gr.) pill at bedtime for chor- 
dee. Oil of yellow sandalwood, &c. Chronic 
(gleet) : Temperance. Infusion of uva ursi. In- 
jections of infusion of Hydrastis Canadensis, 
Alum, Tannin, &c. Lallemand's porte-caustic. 
Tonics, &c. 

3. Syphilis. — 1. Primary. For indurated chancre, 
a mercurial course. Soft chancres, caustic of 
acid nitrate of mercury, Monsel's salts. Astrin- 
gent lotions. Iron tonics and nourishing food. 
Phagedenic chancre: soothing lotions and poul- 
tices. Iron. Iod. Potass and Sarsaparilla. Slough- 
ing chancre: fomentations and poultices. Opium. 
Nourishment. Stimulants. 2. Constitutional : 
light nutritious diet. Warm baths. Blue pill. 
Calomel. Iodide of Mercury. Iodide of Po- 
tass, &c. 



VI. 

ALPHABETICAL LIST OF MEDICINES, 
WITH THEIR USES, DOSES, ETC. 



ABSINTHIUM. "Wormwood, (Artemisia absinth- 
ium. ) 

Tonic, antispasmodic, anthelmintic, discutient, 
antiseptic. 

Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, gout, Irypochon- 
driasis, dropsy, and epilepsy not depending on or- 
ganic changes. Clysters of the decoction are useful 
in ascarides. 

Dose. In substance, Qj to £)ij- Infusion (gvj to 
water Oj) f^vj to f^xij, three or four times a day. 

Incompatible. Sulphates of iron and of zinc ; ace- 
tate and diacetate of lead, nitrate of silver. 
ACACIA. Gum Arabic. (A. vera.) 

Demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. In catarrh, pertussis, ardor urinse, &c. 
Mucilage of Gum Arabic is often employed as a 
vehicle for other substances. To render them mis- 
cible, oils require three-fourths of their own weight, 
balsams and spermaceti equal parts, resin two parts, 
and musk five times its weight. 

Dose. In substance, gss. to gij. In decoctions, ad 
libitum. 

Incomp. Goulard's extract, alcohol, sulphuric 
ether, tincture of muriate of iron. 
ACER PENNSYLVANICUM. Striped Maple. 



ACE 29 

Use. A decoction of bark in cutaneous affections 
and of the leaves and twigs to relieve vomiting. 

ACETUM. Vinegar. 

Refrigerant, diaphoretic, antiseptic, astringent ; 
externally, stimulant, and discutient. 

Use. In febrile complaints and scorbutus ; it has 
been supposed to counteract the effects of opium and 
other narcotics, after the stomach has been com- 
pletely cleared ; but this is a mistake, and it should 
never be employed in such cases ; steam of it in- 
haled in putrid sore throats and in scurvy ; as a 
lotion in bruises, sprains, burns, and chronic oph- 
thalmia. Antilithic, where the triple phosphates 
abound in the urine ; diluted with water, it forms 
the best means of cleansing the eye of small par- 
ticles of lime. 

Vinegar is considered to be better adapted to ex- 
tract the virtues of some vegetables than alcohol, 
and the list of such preparations might be enlarged 
with benefit. 

Vinegar whey is made by stirring a small wane- 
glassful of vinegar and a dessert-spoonful of sugar 
in a pint of milk ; boil 15 minutes and strain. Used 
as a drink in fevers. 

Dose, fgj tofgiv. In clysters, fgj tofgij. Lotion. 
R. Aceti fgj, Spiritus Ten. fgiv, Aquas f^viij. 

ACETUM AEOMATICUM. Aromatic Vinegar. 
See Acidum Aceticum Arom. 

ACETUM CANTHARIDIS. Vinegar of Canthar- 
ides. Cantharid, gij in Acid Acet. Oj. Macerate 
8 days. A prompt vesicant. 

ACETUM COLCHICI. Vinegar of Meadow Saffron. 
Colchici cormi recent, concisi ^j. Aceti dist. f§xvj. 
Spir. ten. fgj. 

Use. In ascites, hydrothorax, and gout. 



30 ACE 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy 
carbonates, sulphuric acid. < 

Dose. fzss. to fzj, in any bland fluid. 
ACETUM DESTILLATUM. Distilled Vinegar. 
(Distil one gallon of vinegar on a sancUbath, in a 
glass retort and receiver. Reserve the first seven 
pints for use.) 

Refrigerant, slightly astringent. 

Use. The same as that of vinegar ; chiefly for - 
pharmaceutical purposes. It is used in the form 
of vapor for purposes of fumigation, but it has 
no efficacy in destroying contagious or infectious 
matter. It is also a good addition in refrigerating 
lotions containing acetate of lead. 

Dose, f^j to fgiv. 
ACETUM "OPII. Vinegar of Opium. R. Opium 
in coarse powder gviij, Nutmeg §jss., Saffron §ss., 
Sugar Jjxij, Dist. Vinegar q. s. Digest the opium, 
nutmeg, and saffron on a sand-bath, with Ojss. Dist. 
Vinegar for 48 hours, and strain. Digest the resi- 
due with an equal quantity of dist. vinegar in same 
way, 24 hours. Put the whole into an apparatus 
for displacement and return the filtered liquor, as 
it passes, until it comes away quite clear. When 
the filtration has ceased, pour distilled vinegar 
gradually upon the remaining materials till the 
whole quantity of filtered liquor equals Oiij. Then 
add the sugar, and by means of a water-bath evap- 
orate to Oiij and f^iv. 

Narcotic. 

Use. A substitute for tincture of opium ; it is less 
likely to affect the brain than the tincture. 

Dose, n^vij to n% x . 
ACETUM LOBELIA. Vinegar of Lobelia. Lo- 
belia in powder giv, Dilute Acetic Acid Oij. Made 
by percolation or maceration. 

Dose. 30-60 drops. 



AC I 31 

ACETUM SANGUINARI^E. Vinegar of Blood- 
root. Sanguinar. pulv. giv, Acid. acet. dil. Oij. 

Dose. 30-60 drops. 
ACETUM SCILL^E. Vinegar of Squill. (Scill» 
recentis exsiccataa §xv, Aceti distil. Ovj, Spiritus 
ten. Oss.) The squill should be macerated 7 days; 
or it may be prepared by macerating giv bruised 
squill in a pint of distilled vinegar 2 days, then 
putting the mixture into an apparatus for displace- 
ment, gradually pouring in distilled vinegar till 
the quantity of distilled liquor equals Oij ; lastly, 
adding the alcohol. Diluted acetic acid may be 
substituted for the vinegar. 

Diuretic, expectorant, emetic, in large doses pur- 
gative. 

Use. In dropsies, asthma, and chronic catarrh. 

Dose. fgss. to ffjij, in cinnamon water or mint 

WfltPT* 

ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM. Milfoil. Yarrow. 
Mild aromatic, astringent. 

Dose. Used in infusion, or 20 drops of volatile oil. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM. Acetic Acid. 
Stimulant, rubefacient, escharotic. 
Use. Applied to the nostrils in syncope, asphyxia, 
and headache ; destroys corns and warts. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, alkaline and earthy car- 
bonates. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM DILUTUM. Diluted 
Acetic Acid. (1 part to 7 parts of water.) 

fgj is saturated by 86 grains of crystallized Bi- 
carb, of Potassa. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM AROMATICUM. Aro- 
matic Vinegar. (Rosmarini sic. folior. Origani. sing. 
§j. Lavandulae sic. giv. Caryophyllorum cont. 
^ss. Acidi Acetici Ojss. Macerate seven days, 
and filter the expressed liquor through paper.) 
Odor, pungent and aromatic. 



32 AC I 

Use. As a grateful perfume in sick-rooms. 
ACIDUM ACETICUM CAMPHORATUM. Acid. 

Acet. f^x Camph. ^j. Alcohol fgj. 
ACIDUM ARSENIOSUM. Arsenious Acid. (See 
p. 12.) 

Use. To prepare the arsenical solution. 
(See Liquor Arsenicalis.) 
ACIDUM BEJSTZOICUM. Benzoic Acid. 

Stimulant; as an expectorant, doubtful; errhine. 
Use. In chronic catarrh , but of very little efficacy. 
Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. 
ACIDUM CARBAZOTICUM. Picric Acid. * 

Formed by the action of Nitric acid on animal 
and vegetable substances. 

Use. Tonic, astringent, antiperiodic. 
ACIDUM CARBOL1CUM. Carbolic Acid. Phenic 
Acid. Phenol. 

A hydrated oxide of phenyl, produced in the 
manufacture of coal gas. It has the taste and smell 
of Creosote. 

A most complete disinfectant. 
Use. In Surgery a mixture of Carbolic Acid and 
Oil, &c, has been found of great use in arresting 
the formation of pus, &c. A solution of 2-10 grs. 
to gj Water has also been of benefit as a lotion, 
gargle, &c, in putrid and eruptive diseases. It is 
one of the most valuable contributions of modern 
science. 
ACIDUM CHROMICUM. Chromic Acid. 

Crystallized from a mixture of Bichromate of 
Potass and Sulphuric acid. 
Use. As an escharotic. 
ACIDUM CITRICUM. Citric Acid. 
Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In febrile and inflammatory complaints, and 
scorbutus; and dissolved in water, instead of re- 



ACI 33 

cent lemon-juice, for the effervescing draught. 
(Proportion, gixss. to water Oj.) 

Dose. Grs. x to £ss., dissolved in water or any 
bland fluid. 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid, acetate of 
lead, nitrate and acetate of mercury, alkalies, alka- 
line sulphurets. 
ACIDUM GALLICUM. Gallic Acid. 

Astringent. 

Use. In uterine and vesical hemorrhages. 

Dose. Grs. v to xv. 
ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. (Acidum Muri- 
aticum, U. S.) 

Tonic, antiseptic, diuretic. 

Use. In typhus ; cutaneous eruptions ; in gargles 
in inflammatory and putrid sore throat ; in injec- 
tions in gonorrhoea. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, and their carbonates ; 
metallic oxides, sulphuret of potassium, tartrate of 
potassa, tartar emetic, and most metallic salts. 
ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM DILUTUM. 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid. (Acidi Hydrochlorici 
f§iv, Aqua3 destillatse fgxij.) f^j should saturate 
grs. 32 of crystallized carbonate of soda. 

Dose, tr^x to i^xx, properly diluted ; in gargles, 
f^ss. to f^ij in f^vj of fluid; injection, irgviij, to 
water f^iv. 
ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM. Di- 
luted Hydrocyanic Acid. Cyano Hydric Acid, 
Prussic Acid. (Potassii Ferrocyanidi gij. Acidi 
Sulph. §jss., Aq. Dist. Oiss.) 

(Prussic Acid may be prepared for immediate 
use in the following manner : Take of Cyanuret of 
Silver gr. iss., Muriatic acid grs. 41. Distilled 
"Water ^j. Mix the muriatic acid with the distilled 
water, add the cyanuret of silver, and shake the 
3 



34 AC I 

whole in a well-stopped vial. When the insoluble 
matter has subsided pour off the clear liquor and 
keep it for use. ) 

Sedative, antispasmodic. 

Use. In spasmodic coughs, asthma, hooping- 
cough, nervous affections, hiccough, palpitation of 
the heart, and in allaying the irritability of the 
stomach in dyspepsia. Prussic acid may be em- 
ployed with great benefit in cases of chronic neu- 
ralgic affections of the stomach. It should be given 
in increased doses, till some physiological effects are 
produced; then continued in rather a diminished 
quantity. As a local application, properly diluted, 
it is useful in abating the itching in Impetigo and 
pruriginous affections. 

Dose. Trj^ij gradually increased to ^v in a glass- 
ful of water, almond emulsion, or infusion of cin- 
chona. When an overdose has been taken, the 
effects are best counteracted by ammonia, chlorine, 
brandy, and the cold affusion. 

Incomp. Metallic oxides, chlorine. 
ACIDUM NITKICUM. Nitric Acid. 

Tonic, antiseptic, antisyphilitic, escharotic. 

Use. The strong acid is seldom used for any other 
than pharmaceutical purposes ; in the form of vapor 
is extracted from nitre giv, and sulphuric acid giv, 
in a saucer, placed on a pipkin of hot sand, for the 
purpose of fumigation. 

Incomp. Spirit of lavender and the strong tinc- 
tures, in any large quantity; and the essential oils ; 
metallic oxides. 
ACIDUM NITKICUM DILUTUM. Diluted Nitric 
Acid. j 

Use. As a drink, diluted largely, in fevers of the 
typhoid kind ; in chronic affections of the liver, 
attended with a redundant and hasty formation of 



AC I 35 

bile, and in dyspepsia. It is also very useful in the 
cure of old ulcerated legs. 

Dose. tt£x to rr^xx in fgiij of water, twice or 
thrice a dav. 
ACIDUM NITEO-MURIATICUM. Nitro-muri- 
atic Acid. (Acidi Nitrici, mensura, partem iij ; 
Acidi Muriatici, mensura, partes v. Mix them in 
a vessel kept cool, and preserve the mixture in a 
well-stopped bottle, in a cool, obscure place.) 

Stimulant, antiseptic. 

Use. Largely diluted, it has been strongly recom- 
mended in malignant scarlatina, in chronic affec- 
tions of the liver, and in syphilis ; and still more 
diluted as a bath, in chronic derangement of the 
hepatic secretion, which it improves, and acts gently 
on the bowels. 

Dose, n^vi to tr^x, in f^iij of water, twice or 
thrice a day. When used as a bath, the mixed 
acid should be added to the water until it tastes as 
sour as weak vinegar. 

Jncomp. Oxides, earths, alkalies, the sulphurets, 
and the acetates of potassa and of lead. 
ACIDUM NITKOSUM. Nitrous Acid. (Eaton's 
Chemistry directs a tablespoonful of copper filings 
and about two spoonfuls of nitric acid to be dis- 
tilled in a retort with gentle heat. The gas, to be 
collected over water, is nitric oxide. This, mixed 
with atmospheric air or oxygen, becomes nitrous 
acid, which has a strong affinity for water.) 

Use. It is introduced here, as it forms an ingredi- 
ent of Hope's Camphor mixture, and its prepara- 
tion is seldom referred to in medical books. 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. Sulphuric Acid. 

Escharotic, stimulant, rubefacient, tonic, astrin- 
gent, refrigerant. 

Use. In local pains, in the form of an ointment 



36 AC I 

made of lard gj ; sulphuric acid gj ; and in scabies 
with ^ss. of the acid to the lard ^j. 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM AROMATICUM. 

Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. Elixir of Vitriol. (Spir- 
itus rect. Ojss. Acidi Sulphuric! (commercial) 
Ijiijss. Cinnamomi cort. cont. Jjss. Zingiberis rad. 
cont. §j. Add the acid gradually to the spirit, and 
digest the mixture with a very gentle heat in a 
closed vessel for three days. Moisten the mixed 
powder with a little of the acid ; let the mass rest 
for 12 hours, then put it into a percolator, and 
transmit the rest of the pure spirit.) 

Use. In dyspepsia; the debility following inter- 
mittents, and other fevers, combined with vege- 
table bitters; and in chronic asthma. 

Dose, tr^x to ^xxx in fluids, twice or thricea day. 
ACIDUM SULPHURICUM DILUTUM. Diluted 
Sulphuric Acid. (Acidi Sulphurici fjiss. Aquae 
destillatse fgxivss. Mix gradually.) 

Tonic, astringent, refrigerant. 

Use. In dyspepsia, diabetes, menorrhagia, hae- 
moptysis, cutaneous eruptions, hectic ; in gargles, 
in cynanche, and to check salivation. Sulphuric 
acid is an excellent tonic, and also possesses refrig- 
erant and astringent properties, rendering it a 
valuable remedy in cases where we wish to avoid 
diarrhoea. In cases of low and hectic fever, attended 
with copious perspiration, it is very beneficial, as 
well as in hsematemesis. It is also useful conjoined 
with saline aperients, when the urine has a ten- 
dency to phosphatic depositions, attended with loss 
of appetite, impaired digestion, foul tongue, &c. It 
is usually given with some bitter infusion, as casca- 
rilla, columbo, cinchona, quassia, &c. 

Dose, tr^x to tt^xx largely diluted ; in gargles 
fgj to fgiij in gviij of fluid. 



JETH 37 

ACIDUM TANNICUM. Tannic Acid. (Tannin.) 

Use. Tannic acid may be advantageously em- 
ployed in all the passive hemorrhages, especially 
monorrhagia ; also in diarrhoea, where we wish 
simply an astringent effect. It possesses a great ad- 
vantage over most other astringents, from the small- 
ness of dose in which it may be given, and from its 
being less liable to irritate the stomach and bowels. 

Dose. From 2 to 4 grs. every three hours. 
ACIDUM TARTARIC UM. Tartaric Acid. 

Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In inflammatory affections, fevers, and scor- 
butus. 

Dose. Gr. x togss. dissolved in water. 

Incomp. Alkalies and their carbonates, all the 
salts of potassa. 
ACIDUM VALERIANICUM. Valerianic acid. 

Dose. gtt. v-xv as a nervine. 
ACONITI FOLIA ET RADIX. Aconite. (Aeon- 
Hum Najjelhts.) 

Narcotic, sudorific, antiphlogistic. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, scrofula, scirrhus, 
palsy, amaurosis, and venereal nodes. Aconite is 
a very powerful topical remedy, in the form of tinc- 
ture, in cases of rheumatism and neuralgia. 

Dose. Gr. j, gradually increased to gr. v, twice 
or thrice a day; of the extract, from gr. ss. to gr. j, 
of the tincture from 10 to 40 drops, gradually in- 
creased. 
ACONITUM. Aconitina. 

Use. Externally- counter-irritant ; too poisonous 
to be used internally. 
ADEPS. Lard. 

Emollient. 

Use. In ointments, &c. 
./ETHER SULPHURICUS. Sulphuric Ether. 



38 ALC 

Diffusible stimulant, narcotic, antispasmodic; 
externally refrigerant. 

Pure washed sulphuric ether preferable to chlo- 
roform for anaesthetic purposes. It may be inhaled 
from a sponge. 

Use. H} T steria, asthma, tetanus, epilepsy, and 
other spasmodic complaints ; externally in head- 
ache, and dropped into the meatus in earache; it 
has also been used in burns. 

Dose, ii^xx to f^j in fgxij water, or other fluid. 
AGAVE AMERICANA. American aloe. 

Diuretic and antisyphilitic. 

Mexican Pulque is the fermented juice of this 
plant. 

A species called A. Virginica has been used for 
bites of sernents 
AGRIMOJSTIA ETJPATORI A. Common Agrimony. 
Astringent, in passive hemorrhages, &c. 

Dose, gj or more in powder or infusion. 
ALCOHOL DILUTUM. Dilute Alcohol. Spiritus 
tenuior. 

Alcohol and water, equal parts. 
ALCOHOL. Alcohol. 

Stimulant (powerful and diffusible), sedative. 

Use. Scarcely ever used internally in its pure 
state, but sometimes advantageously in a highly 
diluted form ; in cases of debility and low fevers ; 
externally as a fomentation in muscular pains ; to 
burns ; and to restrain hemorrhages. The use of 
alcohol as a medicine has been much diminished 
within the last ten years. It is found unsuited to 
a great majority of cases of disease, and when em- 
ployed, too often inducing an artificial appetite not 
easily overcome. From its strong attraction for 
water, it causes thickening or scirrhus of the stom- 
ach, and an indurated state of the liver: and from 



A L 39 

its powerful effects upon the nervous system, it in- 
duces epilepsy, tremors, coma, mania, and death. 
For these reasons, and that we have useful sub- 
stitutes, it should seldom be prescribed. 
ALLIUM. Garlic Bulbs. (A. sativum.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, emmenagogue, 
diaphoretic, and anthelmintic; extremely rube- 
facient, maturient, and repellent. 

Use. In cold leucophlegmatic habits, dropsy, 
rheumatalgia, humoral asthma, and hysteria. In- 
termittents have been cured by it. The juice 
dropped into the ear, in atonic deafness, is a very 
effectual remedy ; and it is also beneficial in her- 
petic eruptions, formed with oil into an ointment. 
A poultice of it over the pubis has been found use- 
ful in atony of the bladder. 

Dose. One to six cloves, swallowed without chew- 
ing, twice or thrice a day. Of the juice f^ss. to 
f^ij mixed with sugar or syrup. In pills with soap 
or calomel, gr. xx to Qij. 
ALETE1S. Star-grass. (A.farinosa. ) 

An intense bitter, tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In rheumatism and dropsy. 

Dose. Of powder 10 grs., fluid extract 10 to 30 
drops. 
ALNUS EUBKA. Tag Alder. 

Alterative, emetic, astringent. 

Use. In scrofula, secondary syphilis, &c. 

Dose. Of fluid extract f^j to fgij. 
ALOE. Peculiar bitter principle (Aloesin). 

Cathartic, warm and stimulating, emmenagogue, 
anthelmintic, stomachic; hurtful in hemorrhoids. 
Aloes acts chieflv on the large intestines, and pro- 
duces catharsis by increasing the peristaltic muscu- 
lar action, and not by increasing the secretions. 

Dose. To act as a cathartic, gr. ij to gr. x ; as an 
emmenagogue, gr. j to gr. ij, twice or thrice a day. 



40 AMM 

ALTH^E^E FOLIA ET KADIX. Marshmallow 
Leaves and Koot. (A. officinalis.) 

Emollient, lubricating, demulcent. 

Use. In pulmonary and intestinal affections ; ar- 
dor urinse; calculus; externally in fomentations, 
clyster, and gargles. 
ALUMEN. Alum. 

Astringent; and in large doses laxative, emetic. 

Use. In hemorrhages, leucorrhcea, croup, hoop- 
ing-cough, &c. ; externally in relaxation of the 
uvula, ophthalmia, gleet, and fluor albus. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qj in powder or in whey, made 
with gij of the powder, to Oj of hot milk, a teacup- 
ful occasionally ; in gargles gss. in f giv of fluid ; in 
collyria and injections gr. xij in f gvj of rose water. 
A saturated solution is a useful styptic. Alum Curd 
is a good cooling external application in ophthalmia 
and other diseases ; made by beating up the white 
of an egg with a piece of alum till it forms a coagu- 
lum. 

Incomp. Potassa and potassse carbonas, sodae car- 
bonas, ammonia, lime, magnesia, acetate of lead, 
infusion of galls. 
ALUMEN EXSICCATUM. Dried Alum. (Melt 
the alum in an earthen vessel over the fire, until 
the ebullitions cease.) 

Escharotic. 

Use. To destroy fungus in ulcers ; internally in 
colic. 

Dose. Gr. iv to xij. 
AMMONIACUM. Gum Ammoniac. (Doremaam- 
moniacum.) 

Expectorant, antispasmodic, discutient, resolvent. 

Use. In asthma and chronic catarrh ; visceral ob- 
structions, and obstinate colic from viscid matters 
lodged in the intestines ; externally in scirrhous 
tumors and white swelling of the joints. 



A MM 41 

Dose. Gr. x to gss. in pills, with squill, myrrh, 
&c, or in emulsion. See Mist. Ammoniaci. 
A31MOMJ BENZOAS. Benzoate of Ammonia. 

Diuretic. 

Dose. Gr. xv to s;r. xxx. 
AMMO]N T I^E CARBONAS. Sesquicarbonate of 
Ammonia. 

Stimulant, antacid, diaphoretic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In hysteria, dyspepsia, chronic rheumatism ; 
applied to the nostrils in syncope. 

Dose. Gr. v to J)j in pills, or any "bland fluid. 
Gr. xxx are an emetic. 

Incomp. Acids, potassa fusa, liquor potassae, mag- 
nesia, carbonates, alum, chloride of calcium, bitar- 
tras and bisulphas potassae, salts of iron, with the 
exception of the potassio-tartrate ; bichloride of 
mercury, salts of lead, sulphate of zinc. 
AMMONIA HYDROCHLORAS. (Ammonia? 
Murias, U. S.) Hydrochlorate of Ammonia. Sal 
Ammoniac. 

Aperient, diuretic ; externally to produce cold 
during its solution ; stimulant. 

Use. Externally while dissolving, to abate the 
heat and pain of inflammation ; to allay headache ; 
in lotion, composed of the salt §j, alcohol f gj, 
water f ^ix, to indolent tumors, gangrene, scabies, 
and chilblains. Has been used internally in doses 
of grs. ij to grs. v, with Ext. Taraxaci and Rhei, as 
a substitute for Calomel in hepatic disease. 

Dose. Gr. v to £ss. 

Incomp. Sulphuric and nitric acids, acetate of 

lead, potassa, carbonates of soda and potassa, lime. 

AMMONITE PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Ammonia. 

Use. In gout and rheumatism. 

Dose. Gr. x to xl, 3 or 4 times a day, in a table- 
spoonful of water. 



42 ANT 

AMYGDALAE AMAEiE ET DULCIS. Bitter 
and Sweet Almonds. (A. communis.) 

Demulcent, the bitter is sedative. 

Use. In inflammatory complaints ; and as a vehi- 
cle for more active remedies. 
AMYLUM. Starch. 

Demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. In dysentery, tenesmus, and ulceration of 
the rectum, in the form of a clyster ; it is the com- 
mon vehicle for exhibiting opium per anum. The 
decoction of starch is made by boiling, for a short 
time, ^iv starch in Oj water, previously mixing 
them gradually while the water is cold. 
ANETHUM. Dill Seed. (A. graveolens.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and hiccough, particularly 
in infants. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj. 
ANGUSTURA. Cusparia. (Galipea officinalis.) 

Tonic, stimulant, aromatic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, removing flatulence and acid- 
ity ; chronic diarrhoea, dysentery. 

Incomp. Sulphate of iron and of copper, nitrate 
of silver, tartarized antimony, acetate and diacetate 
of lead, bichloride of mercury, pure potassa, and 
infusions of galls and yellow cinchona bark, &c. 

Dose. Gr. v to gr. xx in powder. 
ANISUM. Aniseed. (Pimpinella anisum.) 

Carminative. 

Use In dyspepsia and the tormina of infants. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj bruised. 
ANTHEMIS. Chamomile flowers. (A. nobilis.) 

Tonic, stomachic; the warm infusion is emetic; 
externally discutient, emollient, antiperiodic. 

Use. In intermittents, dyspepsia, hysteria, flatu- 
lent colic, gout ; to promote the operation of emetics, 



A P 43 

externally as fomentations in gripings, and to ripen 
suppurating tumors. 

Dose. In powder gss. to gij twice or thrice a dav. 
ANTIMONII ET POTASS^ TARTRAS. Potas- 
sio-Tartrate of Antimony, or Emetic Tartar. 

Emetic, sometimes cathartic, diaphoretic, expec- 
torant, alterative, rubefacient. A sedative to the 
circulation, while it increases most of its secretions. 

Use. In the beginning of fever, to clear the 
stomach and bowels ; but it is an improper emetic in 
advanced stages of typhus ; in large doses in pulmo- 
nary inflammations ; and in small as an alterative 
in cutaneous diseases, acute rheumatism, chorea; 
externally in white swellings, hooping-cough, 
phthisis, and all deep-seated inflammations. 

Dose. As a means of subduing inflammation gr. 
ss. to gr. ij ; as an emetic, gr. j to gr. iv, in solution ; 
diaphoretic and expectorant, gr. l-12th to l-8th. It 
is made into an ointment for external use, by rub- 
bing up ^ij with lard gj. 

Incomp. Alkalies and earths with their carbo- 
nates; strong acids ; hydro-sulphurets ; lime-water, 
chloride of calcium, salts of lead ; decoctions of 
bitter and astringent plants. 
ANTIMONIUM SULPHURATUM. 

Precipitated Sulphuret of Antimony. 

Alterative, diaphoretic, emetic. 

Use. In secondary syphilis, cutaneous eruptions, 
&c. 

Dose. Gr. j to ij as alterative. 
ANTIRRHINUM LINARIA. Toad-Flax. 

Diuretic, cathartic, slightly acrid. 

Used in infusions, or as a poultice, &c, to piles. 
APOCYNUM ANDROS^EMIFOLIUM. Dog's 
Bane. Emetic, diaphoretic, alterative. 

Dose. Gr. xxx of the powdered root as an emetic ; 



44 AQU 

gr. v diaphoretic. Employed by the Indians in lues 
venerea. 

APOCYNUM CANNABINUM. Indian Hemp. 
Emetic, hydragogue, cathartic, diuretic, diapho- 
retic, expectorant, narcotic, and sedative. 

Use. A very powerful remedy in ascites and 
general dropsy ; in neuralgia, &c. 

Dose. From gr. x to gr. xx of the powdered root 
produce free vomiting and purging. Of the decoc- 
tion, which is preferable, and made by boiling ^ss. 
of the dried root in Ojss. of water to Oj, from fgj 
to fgij may be given three or four times a day, if 
necessary. Of the extract, gr. iij to gr. iv, two 
or three times a day, will usually act on the bowels. 

AQUA ACIDI CARBONICI. Carbonic Acid 
Water. (By means of a forcing pump, throw into 
a suitable receiver, nearly filled with water, a quan- 
tity of carbonic acid equal to five times the bulk of 
the water.) 

AQUA AMGYDALiE AMAKiE. Bitter Almond 
water. (Oil of Bitter Almonds TT^xvi, Garb. Mag. 
gj. Water Oij. Proceed as for cinnamon water.) 
Effects the same as hydrocyanic acid. 

Use. As a vehicle in cough or antispasmodic 
medicines. 

AQUA CAMPHORS. Camphor Water. (Take of 
Camphor gij, Alcohol gtt. xl, Carbonate Magnesia 
§ss., Distilled Water Oij. Rub the camphor first 
with the alcohol, afterwards with the carb. mag., 
and lastly with the water gradually added — then 
filter through paper.) 

AQUA CINNAMOMI. Cinnamon W r ater. (Take of 
Oil of Cinnamon fjss., Carbonate Magnesia gij, Dis- 
tilled Water Oij ; rub the oil of cinnamon first with 
the carb. mag., then with the water gradually add- 
ed, and filter through paper. In same way prepare 
the other medicated waters for medicinal plants.) 



ARG 45 

AQUA PICIS LIQUIDS. Tar Water. (Picis 
Oij, Aqua3 Cong, j.) 
Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In scorbutus and cutaneous diseases. 
Dose. Oj to Oij in the course of the day. 
AQUILEGIA VULGARIS. Columbine. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, antiscorbutic, seldom used. 
ARALIA NUDICAULIS False Sarsaparilla. 
Stimulant, diaphoretic, alterative. 
Use. Employed in rheumatism, syphilis, cutane- 
ous affections, in the same manner and dose as the 
genuine sarsaparilla. 
ARALIA SPINOSA. Angelica Tree, Toothache 
Tree, Prickly Ash. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, emetic, cathartic. 
Use. Employed in chronic rheumatism and cuta- 
neous eruptions. Also, in colic, in toothache, usu- 
ally given in decoction. 
ARCTIUM LAPPA. Burdock. 
Aperient, sudorific, diuretic. 
Use. In rheumatism, gout, aphthae, also in vene- 
real, scorbutic, scrofulous, and nephritic affections ; 
in decoction made with gij of the root in Ojss. of 
water. The leaves externally in cutaneous erup- 
tions and ulcerations. 

Dose. A teacupful several times a day ; of little 
value unless persevered in for a long time. 
APvGENTI CYANIDUM. Cyanuret of Silver. 
Cyanide of Silver. Nitrate of Silver £xv, Hydro- 
cyanic Acid, Dist. Water, aa Oj. (Having dissolved 
the nitrate of silver in the water, add the hydrocy- 
anic acid, and mix them. Wash the precipitate 
with distilled water, and dry it.) 
Use. To prepare hydrocyanic acid. 
ARGENTI IODIDUM. Iodide of Silver. (Precip- 
itated from the nitrate by iodide of potassium.) 



46 AUG 

A substitute for nitrate of silver in gastric affec- 
tions, in doses of -J gr. three times a day, increased 
gradually. This iodide forms a crystalline salt 
with iodide of potassium, which may perhaps com- 
bine the tonic and alterative effects of its constitu- 
ents, in a similar way to the iodo-hydrargyrate of 
potassium. It is, however, decomposed by water. 
ARGENTI NITKAS. Nitrate of Silver. 

Tonic, antispasmodic, escharotic. 

Use. In chorea, epilepsy, dyspepsia, and irrita- 
ble conditions of the mucous membrane of the 
stomach and bowels ; locally to relieve strictures ; 
to fungous ulcers, warts, and venereal chancres ; 
gr. ij in distilled water f^j is a good injection in 
fistulous sores ; and as an application to spongy 
gums, enlarged tonsils, and ulcerated sore throats. 
A solution of gss. in fgj of distilled water, is highly 
useful when pencilled over the surface in erysipelas. 

Dose. Gr. -J- increased to gr. iv in a pill, with 
crumb of bread, three times a day ; or in solution, 
increased to gr. iij. The dark color communicated 
to the skin is an objection to its internal employ- 
ment. 

Incomp. Sulphuric, hydrochloric, and arsenious 
acids and their salts; alkalies except ammonia; 
lime ; chlorides ; sulphurets ; astringent vegetable 
infusions and decoctions ; aqueous solutions of salts 
of mercury, or of copper. 
ARGENTI NITRAS FUSUS. Lunar caustic. 

Fused nitrate of silver. 

Convenient for external use, as stimulant or 
escharotic. 
ARGENTI OXIDUM. Oxide of Silver. 

Proposed as a substitute for the nitrate. 

Dose. J a gr. in pill. 



ASA 47 

ARMORACIA. Horseradish Root. (Cochlearia ar- 
moracia.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In scorbutus, rheumatism, dropsy, and dys- 
peptic affections ; and locally in hoarseness. 

Dose. 9J to 3J. Vide Infusion : of the following 
syrup a teaspoonful often slowly swallowed, in 
hoarseness: (R. Of the scraped root gj, boiling 
water ^ij, sugar q. s. to the strained liquor.) 
ARNICA. Leopard's Bane. (A. montana.) 

Narcotic, stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, 
diuretic. 

Use. In amaurosis, paralysis, rheumatism, gout, 
dropsy, nephritis, and chlorosis. The root has been 
used in intermittents, but is most useful in dis- 
eases attended with a typhoid state of the sys- 
tem. 

Dose. Gr. v to gr. x in powder, or fgss. of the 
following infusion : (R. Of the flowers gjss., water 
fgviij), twice or thrice a day. In large doses it 
produces poisoning. 
ARUM. Dragon Root, Indian Turnip. (B. tri- 
phyllum. ) 

Externally irritant. Internally stimulant to all 
the secretions, especially those of the skin and 
lungs. 

Use. In asthma, pertussis, chronic catarrh, 
chronic rheumatism, and cachectic complaints 
generally. 

Dose. Of the powder of the recently dried root, 
gr. v to gr. x, mixed with gum Arabic, sugar, and 
water, in the form of emulsion, repeated two or 
three times a day, and gradually increased to £ss. 
or 3j. Also in aphthous sore mouth of children, 
mixed with sugar and laid on the tongue. 
ASAKUM CANADENSE. Wild Ginger. 



48 ATR 

A stimulant, tonic, diaphoretic. 

Use. Used chiefly as an elegant adjunct to tonic 
infusions and decoctions. Resembles serpentaria 
in its effects. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx. 
Also, used in form of a tincture. 
ASCLEPIAS. The Common Silk-weed. Butterfly- 
weed. Pleurisy Root. (^4. tuberosa.) 

Diaphoretic, expectorant, cathartic, diuretic, 
slightly tonic. 

Use. Employed extensively in some of the South- 
ern States in catarrh, pneumonia, pleurisy, con- 
sumption, acute rheumatism, autumnal remittents, 
and dysentery. 

Dose. Of the powder, gr. xx to £j, several times 
a day. As a diaphoretic, a teacupful of the decoc- 
tion every three or four hours, made by infusing 
^j of the roots in Oij of water. 
ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS. Asparagus. 

Diuretic, aperient. 

Dose. gss. to 3J of extract, or gj to fgij of syrup, 
prepared from the shoots. 
ASSAFCETIDA. Assafoetida. [Narihex assafcetida.) 

Antispasmodic, expectorant ; emmenagogue ; an- 
thelmintic when injected into the rectum. 

Use. Hysteria, tympanitis, asthma, dyspnoea, per- 
tussis, worms. 

Dose. In pill, gr. x to gss. ; in solution, vide Mis- 
tura ; in clyster, gij dissolved in water fgviij. 
ATROPIN. Atropia. Active principle* of Bella- 
donna. 

Use. One drop of a solution of gr. j to giv of dis- 
tilled water with a few drops of acetic acid, applied 
to the inner surface of eyelid, dilates the pupil in 
a few minutes. 



BEL 49 

Dose. Gr. j to gj of lard as an ointment in neu- 
ralgia. 
AURANTII CORTEX. Orange-Peel. 

Use. A mild tonic, carminative, and stomachic. 
AZEDARACH. Bark of root of Melia Azedarach. 

Use. Cathartic, emetic, anthelmintic — in large 
doses narcotic. 

Dose. Oij water to giv bark, boiled to Oj ; to a 
child a tablespoonful. 
BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. Peruvian Balsam. 
{Myrospermum peruiferum. ) 

Stimulant, tonic, expectorant. 

Use. In palsy ; chronic asthma, bronchitis, and 
rheumatism; gleet; leucorrhoea ; and externally 
for cleansing and stimulating foul, indolent ulcers. 

Dose, tt^x to £ss. twice or thrice a day, made into 
an emulsion with, mucilage of gum. 
BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. Tolu Balsam. 
(Myrospermwn toluiferum.) 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. In chronic coughs ; but principally used on 
account of its flavor. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. triturated with mucilage. 
BAPTISIA TINCTORIA. Wild Indigo. 

Antiseptic, laxative, emetic. 

Use. In scarlatina, gangrene, &c. 

Dose, f gj of decoction (gj root to Oj water). 
BEBEERU. Bark of Nectandra Rodiei. 

The sulphate of bebe-erin has been used in inter- 
mittent and remittent fevers. 

Dose. 2 grs. , until from Qj to gj is given, between 
the paroxysms. 
BELLADONNA. Deadly Nightshade. (Atropa bel- 
ladonna. ) 

Powerful narcotic, diaphoretic, diuretic, repel- 
lent. 



50 BIS 

Use. In obstinate intermit tents, tic-douloureux, 
palsy, epilepsy, chorea, mania, gout, rheumatism, 
drops}^, jaundice, pertussis, and the cacbexise; am- 
aurosis; sprinkling the powdered leaves over can- 
cerous sores has been found to allay the pain ; and 
the leaves form a good poultice. Applied to the 
eye, in the form of infusion or solution of the ex- 
tract, to dilate the pupil previous to operations. 
The root is used for the same purpose as the leaves. 
Dose. Gr. ss. gradually increased to gr. j daily; 
or fgij of this infusion : R. Of the leaves Qj, hot 
water f§x, strained cold. 
BENZOIN ODORIFERUM. Spice-bush. Fever- 
bush. 

Stimulant, aromatic, vermifuge. 
Used in decoction or infusion. 
BENZOINUM. Benzoin. (Styrax Benzoin.) 

Use. Principally for obtaining the acid it contains. 
Dose. Gr. x to gss. 

Incomp. Alkalies, acids ; and so with all the bal- 
sams. 
BENZOLE. Benzin. {Hydruret of Phenyl*.) A 
constituent of coal-gas tar. 

Use. Vapor is anaesthetic. "With four parts of lard 
in scabies, &c. . As a liniment in rheumatism and 
neuralgia. 
BERBERIS VULGARIS. Barberry. 
Refrigerant, astringent, antiscorbutic. 
The berries are used as a drink, and the juice as 
svrup. 
BETULA LENTA. Sweet Birch. Black Birch. 

Gently stimulant and diaphoretic. 
BISM UTHI TRISNITRAS. (Bismuthi Subnitras, 
U. S.) Trisnitrate of Bismuth. 
Tonic, antispasmodic. 
Use. In dyspepsia attended with cardialgia. 






CAM 51 

Dose. From gr. j to gr. xv. 
BISMUTHI VALERIAN AS. Valerianate of Bis- 
muth. 

Use. In neuralgia and gastralgia. 
Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. ij in pill. 
BROMINUM. Bromine. 

Like iodine, it stimulates the lymphatics, and 
promotes absorption. 

Use. In bronchocele, scrofula, &c. 
Dose. In aqueous solutions (1 part to 40 of water) , 
6 drops several times a day. 
BUCHU. Diosma. Leaves of Barosma crenata. 
Stimulant, diuretic. 
Use. In irritation of the bladder. 
Dose. 20 to 30 grs. powder, fgj to f gij of infusion 
(gj to Oj boiling water), gj of the fluid extract. 
CALAMINA. Calamine. Impure Carbonate of Zinc. 
CALAMINA PRJEPARATA. Prepared Calamine. 

Use. A mild astringent in excoriations. 
CALAMUS AROMATICUS. Sweet Flag-root. 
Stomachic, carminative. 
Use. In atonic dyspepsia with vertigo. 
Dose. 9j to £j in powder. 
CALCIS CARBONAS PR^ECIPITATA. Pre- 
cipitated Carbonate of Lime. 

Use the same as Creta Praeparata. 
CALENDULA OFFICINALIS. Marigold. 
Antispasmodic, sudorific, emmenagogue. 
LTsed in infusion. 
CALX CHLORINATA. Chlorinated Lime. Chlo- 
ride of Lime. Pass chlorine through lime until it 
is saturated. 

Use. As a disinfectant, and for bleaching pur- 
poses. 
C AMPHORA. Camphor. (C. offieinarum.) 



52 CAN 

Narcotic, diaphoretic, sedative; externally ano- 
dyne. 

Use. In typhus, cynanche maligna, confluent 
small-pox, and other exanthemata of the typhoid 
type ; in atonic gout, and as an adjunct to bark and 
opium in checking gangrene. It produces its nar- 
cotic and sedative effects with very little increase 
of pulse, and therefore may be used in mania, pneu- 
monia, and other inflammatory complaints, united 
with nitre and antimonials. In doses of from 1 to 
3 grains it acts as a diaphoretic. It is a useful ad- 
junct to bark in typhoid diseases, to valerian, the 
fetid gums, volatile alkali and others, in hysteric 
and nervous complaints, and to antimonials in rheu- 
matism and other inflammations. Externally, it 
allays the pains of rheumatism, and other deep- 
seated inflammations, when dissolved in oil. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with sugar, &c. ; 
in pills; or in mixture with mucilage, or almond 
confection; the effects of an overdose are counter- 
acted by opium. For external application it is dis- 
solved in oil or in alcohol. 
CANELLA. CanellaBark. (C. alba.) 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. As an aromatic addition to bitter tonics and 
cathartics. 

Dose. Gr. x to £ss. in powder; in infusion fgiss. 
CANTHAEIS. The Blistering Fly. 

Stimulant, diuretic, rubefacient, vesicant ; both 
their internal use and their external application are 
apt to produce strangury; active properties depend 
on the cantharidin. 

Use. Internally in dropsies, obstinate gleet, and 
leucorrhoea ; retention of the urine owing to want 
of action in the bladder, and an incontinence of 
urine from debility of the bladder; lepra; but their 



CAR 53 

internal use requires caution. For their external 
use, see Empl., Tinctura, and Acetum Cantharidis. 

Dose. Gr. ss. to gr. j, in a pill, with opium or the 
extract of henbane and camphor, twice a day. 
CANTHARIS VITTATA. Potato Fly. 

Same as the former. There are several other 
species, all of which have the same properties. 
CAPSICUM. The Capsicum berries. (C. annuum.) 

Stimulant, rubefacient. 

Use. In atonic gout, the flatulence of dyspepsia, 
lethargy. Its solution (Capsici pulv. gj, Sodii Chlor. 
9j., Acet. giv, Aquae ferventisfgvj, Cola) forms the 
best gargle in cynanche maligna and scarlatina. 
Cataplasms of it are used in coma and the delirium 
of typhus. 

Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x in pill 

Tncomp. Nitrate of silver, bichloride of mercury, 
acetate of lead, sulphates of iron, zinc, and copper, 
and the carbonates of alkalies. 
CARBO AJSTIMALIS. Animal Charcoal. (Pre- 
pared from flesh and bones.) 

Use. For decolorizing vegetable salts, clarifying 
salts, and extracting the volatile oil from whiskey 
and other liquors. 
CARBO LIGNI. Charcoal of Wood. 

Antiseptic, absorbent. 

Use. In putrid eructations of dyspepsia, obstinate 
constipation ; to relieve the nausea of pregnancy, 
and as a cataplasm with linseed meal to fetid ulcers ; 
the best tooth-powder. 

Dose. Gr. x to 9i united with rhubarb. 
CARDAMOMUM. Cardamom Seed. (Elettaria car- 
damomum.} 

Carminative, stomachic. 

Use. In the flatulent colic of children, united with 



54 CAS 

rhubarb and magnesia ; but principally to give 
warmth to other remedies. 

Dose. Gr. v to %) in powder. 
CARTHAMUS. Dyer's Saffron. (C. tinctorins.) 

Laxative and somewhat diaphoretic. 

Use. As a substitute for saffron in measles, scar- 
latina, and other exanthematous diseases, to pro- 
mote the eruption. 

Dose. Of an infusion of gij to a pint of boiling 
water, given without restriction as to quantity. 
CARUM. Caraway Seeds. (C. carui.) 

Carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and to give warmth to 
purgatives. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^j , swallowed whole, or in powder. 
CARYOPHYLLUS. The Clove. (C. aromaticus.) 

Stimulant, aromatic. 

Use. As a corrigent to other remedies, and a con- 
diment. 

Dose. Gr. v to x, in powder. 
CASCARILLA. Cascarilla Bark. (Croton Eleuteria.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. As an adjunct to cinchona in ague ; in ob- 
stinate diarrhoea, and after dysentery ; a good 
vehicle for powdered Peruvian bark, and small 
doses sulphate magnesia and sulphuric acid, in de- 
bility of stomach attended with constipation ; in 
dyspepsia, and flatulent colic. 

Dose. Gr. x to £j in powder. The infusion is the 
best form. 
CASSIA. Cassia Pulp. (C. fistula.) 

Laxative. 

Use. Where a gentle medicine is required in cos- 
tive habits, combined with aromatics. 

Dose, giv to gj. 



CEN 55 

CASTA NE A. Chinquapin. (C. pumilla.) 
Tonic and astringent. 
Use. In intermittents. 
CASTOREUM. Castor. 

Antispasmodic, emmenagogue. 
Use. In typhus, hysteria, epilepsy, amenorrhea. 
Dose. Gr. x to J)j in a bolus; gj, or more, in 
clysters ; of little value as a remedy. 
CATALPA CORDIFOLIA. Catawba Tree. 

Reputed poisonous, but has been used in asthma, 
giij or giv of seeds in gxij water, boiled to gvj, 
given morning and night. 
CATARIA. Catnip. Leaves of Nepeta Cataria. 
Tonic and excitant. 

Use. In domestic practice in amenorrhoea, colic, 
&c. 

Dose, gij in infusion. 
CATECHU. Catechu. [Acacia catechu.) 
Astringent, tonic. 

Use. In diarrhoea, from a relaxed state of the 
bowels, and in intestinal and uterine hemorrhages ; 
locally in aphthae, ulceration of the gums, and in 
coughs and hoarseness from the relaxation of the 
uvula, and epistaxis. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in powder; in the latter case, 

a piece is allowed to dissolve slowly in the mouth ; 

but is best given with sugar, gum Arabic and water. 

CEANOTHUS AMERICANUS. New Jersey Tea. 

Astringent. Used in syphilis in decoction (gij 

to Oj). A strong infusion used in aphthae and 

dysentery. 

CELASTRUS SCANDENS. Climbing Staff-tree. 

Emetic, diaphoretic, narcotic. 
CENTAUREA BENEDICTA. Blessed Thistle. 
May be used as a tonic in cold infusion (^ss. of 
leaves to Oj). A stronger infusion taken warm in 



56 CER 

bed promotes diaphoresis. A still stronger infusion 
is emetic. 

CERA FL \YA ET CERA ALBA. Yellow Wax 
and White. 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In diarrhoea and dysentery ; but principally 
used in the formation of cerates and ointments. 

Dose. 9j togss. twice or thrice a day, in form of 
emulsion ; melt the wax with a little oil, then trit- 
urate it with volk of egg, and groat gruel f^ij. 

CERATUM CALAMINE Calamine Cerate, Tur- 
ner's Cerate. (Prepared Calamine, Yellow Wax, 
aagiij, lard Ibj.) 
A mild astringent. 

CERATUM CANTIIARIDIS. Blistering Plaster, 
(Cantharides in powder ibj. Yellow Wax, Resin, 
aa^Jvij, Lard ^x.) 

CERATUM CETACEI. Spermaceti Cerate. (Ce- 
tacei gij, Cera? Alb. ^ij, Olivse 01. f^iv. The wax 
and oil being melted together, add the spermaceti, 
and stir until the whole is cold.) 
Emollient, cooling. 

CERATUM PLUMBI ACETATIS. Cerate of 
Acetate of Lead. (Plumbi Acetas cont. gij, Cerse 
Alb. §ij, Olivse 01. fgviij. Melt the wax in seven 
fluid ounces of the oil, then add the acetate rubbed 
down with the remainder ; and stir with a wooden 
spatula until the whole be united.) 
Cooling, astringent, resolvent. 
Use. In inflamed sores, excoriations, and burns. 

CERATUM PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Cerate 
of Subacetate of Lead. (Goulard's Cerate ) Com- 
pound Lead Cerate. (Liq. Plumbi diacetatis f,^iij, 
Cerse t ^iv, Olivae 01. Oss., Camphorae gss.) Melt 
the wax in f gvij of the oil, then remove the mix- 
ture from the fire, and when it begins to thicken 



CER 57 

add gradually the solution of diacetate of lead, and 
assiduously stir the whole with a wooden spatula 
until it is cold ; lastly, add the camphor dissolved 
in what remained of the oil, and mix. 
Use. The same as the former. 

CERATUM RESIN^E. Resin Cerate. (Resinse, 
Cerse, aa R)j, Olivaa 01. fgxvj. Melt the resin and 
wax over a slow fire, then add the oil, and strain 
while hot.) Yellow Basilicon. 
Digestive, cleansing. 
Use. To foul, indolent ulcers. 

CERATUM RESINSE COMPOSITUM. Com- 
pound Resin Cerate. (Take of resin, suet, yellow 
wax, aa ibj, turpentine Bjss., flaxseed oil Oss. Melt 
together, strain through linen, and stir till cool.) 

CERATUM SABINJE. Savine Cerate, (gij pow- 
dered savine mixed with ibj melted resin cerate.) 
Irritative, drawing. 

Use. To keep a discharge from a blistered surface. 
It is much preferable to the Ceratum Cantharidis, 
occasioning less pain, and preserving a sufficient 
discharge. 

CERATUM SAPONIS Soap Cerate. (Oij solution 
of subacetate of lead, ^vj soap, gx white wax, Oj 
olive oil ; boil the solution of subacetate of lead 
with the soap, over a slow fire, to the consistence 
of honey, then evaporate over a water-bath till the 
water is all dissipated, and lastly mix in the oil and 
wax.) 

Desiccative, resolvent. 

Use. Applied, spread on linen, round fractured 
limbs, after all inflammation is abated and the 
bones are united ; and to strumous swellings. 

CERATUM ADIPIS. Simple Cerate. (Take of 
lard ^viij, white wax giv. Melt them together, 
and stir them constantly till cool.) 



58 CHE 

CEKATUM ZINCI CARBONATIS. Cerate of 
Carbonate of Zinc. (Turner's Cerate.) (Take of 
prepared Carbonate of Zinc, Yellow Wax, each 
half a pound. Lard two pounds. Melt the wax 
and lard together, and when upon cooling they 
begin to thicken, add the carbonate of zinc, and 
stir till cool.) 
CEREVISI^E EERMENTUM. Yeast. 

Tonic, laxative. 

Use. In typhoid fever, externally to fetid ulcers. 

Dose, f :§ss. to f^j. 
CETACEUM. Spermaceti. 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In coughs and dysentery ; and in the com- 
position of ointments. 

Dose. gss. to gjss., rubbed up with sugar, or with 
an egg, in emulsion. 
CETRARIA. Iceland Moss. (C. islandica.) 

Tonic, demulcent, nutrient. See Decoct. Cetrar. 
CHELIDONIUM MAJUS. Celandine. 

Acrid, purgative, diuretic, diaphoretic. Used in 
jaundice. 

Dose. Gr. xxx, dried herb or root. 
CHELONE GLABRA. Balmony. 

Tonic, cathartic, anthelmintic. 

Dose. 5J fluid extract. 
CHENOPODIUM. Wormseed. (C. anthelminticum.) 

Anthelmintic. 

Use. To destroy lumbrici in children, for which 
it is given morning and evening for three or four 
days ; then followed by calomel, or some brisk ca- 
thartic. 

Dose. Of the powdered seeds, from Qj to Qij to 
a child two or three years old, in syrup ; of the oil, 
which is more frequently given, from 5 to 10 drops, 
mixed with sugar or in emulsion ; of the decoction, 



CIM 59 

made by boiling §j of the fresh plant in Oj of milk, 
with the addition of orange-peel, or some other 
aromatic, a wineglassful, or a tablespoonful of the 
expressed juice of the leaves. 
CHIMAPHILA. Pipsissewa. Leaves of Chima- 
phila Unibellata. 

Diuretic, tonic, astringent. 

Use. In urinary affections, scrofula, and rheuma- 
tism. 

Dose. Oj of decoction in 24 hours. 
CHLOKAL. Chloral Hydrate. Hydrate of Chloral. 
Prepared from the action of Chlorine on Alcohol. 
Hypnotic and anodyne. 

Use. In delirium tremens and nervous diseases, 
to produce sleep. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^j, in syrup, &c. 
CHLOKOFOKM. Anesthetic. Prom the accidents 
which have occurred from its use, pure Sulphuric 
Ether, or one part chloroform, two parts ether, is 
preferable for the purpose of procuring insensibility 
to the pain of surgical operations. 
Dose For internal use J^x to f^j. 
CHONDKUS. Irish Moss, Carrageen. A good sub- 
stitute for the Iceland Moss, which it closely re- 
sembles. (Macerate gss. of the moss ten minutes 
in cold water, turn it off, add Ojss. boiling water ; 
boil to x a pint, strain, and add sugar and lemon- 
juice to improve the flavor. Milk may be sub- 
stituted for water, if a more nutritious preparation 
be required.) 
CICHOR1UM INTYBUS. Chicory. 

Tonic, aperient. Used in jaundice and phthisis, 
in decoction (gj or gij to Oj). 
CIMICIFUGA. Black Snakeroot. Cohosh. (C. 
racemosa.) 



60 CIN 

Tonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, expectorant, era- 
menago^ue. 

Use. Employed extensively in the United States, 
as a domestic remedy, in rheumatism, dropsy, 
chorea, hysteria, and especially in pulmonary affec- 
tions, for which it has been regarded by some as a 
specific. 

Dose. Of the powder, gr. x to gj ; of the decoc- 
tion, made by boiling gj of the bruised root in Oj 
of water, from fgj to fgij may be given several 
times a day. 
CINCHONA. Peruvian Bark. (C. flava— pallida— 
rubra.) 

Strongly and permanently tonic and antiperiodic, 
slightly astringent, stomachic, and febrifuge. 

Use. In intermittens, after evacuating the 
stomach and bowels; in continued fevers; keep- 
ing the bowels clear; confluent small-pox; ery- 
sipelas; acute rheumatism; Comanche maligna; 
scarlatina; passive hemorrhages; and in every dis- 
ease attended with deficient action. Externally in 
clysters, gargles, and lotions, in gangrenous ulcera- 
tions, &c. To check the nausea excited by it, wine, 
aromatics, and carbonic acid are added ; to prevent 
purging, opium ; costiveness, rhubarb. 

Dose. Given in infusion, decoction, and extract. 
The latter is a good form, if well prepared ; of this 
gr. iij to gr. x in pill, or dissolved in infusion of 
roses, or syrup of orange-peel, three times a day. 
Of the powder, Qj to giij in infusion of liquorice, 
or water. 
CINNAMOMUM. Cinnamon Bark. Cassia. 

Stimulant, astringent, carminative, tonic. 

Use. As a grateful aromatic in dyspepsia and 
diarrhoea; to cover the taste of nauseous remedies, 
and with cathartics to prevent griping. The infusion 
checks vomiting. Chewed in palsy of the tongue. 



COL 61 

Dose. Gr. v to J)j in powder. 
COCCUS. The Cochineal Insect. The dried female. 
Use. Chiefly for giving a red color to tinctures, &c. 
COCOS BUTYRACEA. The plant which affords 
palm oil, or coco butter. 

This latter is of the consistence of an ointment, 
and is used as an excipient for suppositories and 
medicated pessaries. 
COCHLEAEIA OFFICINALIS. Scurvy-grass. 

Stimulant, aperient, diuretic. 
COFFEE. (O. Arabica.) 

Medically is excitant to the nerves, and resists 
the intoxicating effects of alcohol and opium. 
COLCHICI RADIX ET SEMEN" The Bulb and 
Seeds of the Meadow Saffron. [Colchicum aidum- 
nate ) 

Narcotic, diuretic, cathartic. 
Use. In dropsies, gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, 
bronchitis, and scarlet fever. Colchicum is rather 
palliative than curative in gout and rheumatism. 
It is a useful addition to saline jmedicines in fevers 
and all inflammations. It should be given in small 
doses combined with magnesia, and, if necessary, 
often repeated. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. v of the recent bulb in pill. 
COLLINSONIA CANADENSIS. Horse-weed. 
Heal-all. A decoction of fresh root used in catarrh 
of the bladder, leucorrhoea, dropsy, &c. ; and a 
poultice of leaves to bruises and the like. 
COLOCYNTHIS. Bitter Cucumber Pulp. (Cucu- 
mis colocynthis.) 

Strongly cathartic, drastic, hydragogue 
Use. Too violent to be used alone. When com- 
bined with calomel, extract of jalap, and gamboge, 
colocynth forms a highly efficient and safe cathartic, 



62 CON 

especially adapted to congestion of the liver and 
portal circle, and torpidity of this organ. In dropsy, 
and affections of the head, also highly useful. 

Dose Gr. j to gr. v. 
COLOMBO. Oalumba Koot. (Cocculus palmatus.) 

Tonic, antiseptic. 

Use. In bilious vomitings, and those attendant 
on pregnancy, dyspepsia, and cholera. 

Dose. Gr. x to J}j, twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Acetate and diacetate of lead ; infusion 
of galls. 
COLLODIUM. Collodion (a solution of gun-cotton 
in ether) ; an artificial epidermis. 

Cantharidal collodion, for blisters, is prepared 
by the addition of an ethereal solution of eanthar- 
ides. 
COMPTONIA ASPLENIFOLIA. Sweet Fern. 

Tonic, astringent. A decoction used in diarrhoea. 
CONFECTIO AROMATIC A. Aromatic Confec- 
tion. (Cinnamomi, Myristicaa, sing, gij, Caryoph. 
gj, Cardam. §ss., Croci ^ij, Cretae Prsep. §xvj, 
Sacch. Pur. ftnj. Rub the dry substance to a fine 
powder and keep it in a stoppered vessel. When it 
is to be used, add water gradually till the whole be 
incorporated.) 

Stimulant, cordial. 

Use. In the low stage of typhoid fevers, atonic 
gout; hysteria; nervous languors. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in bolus or mixtures. 

Incomp. Acids of any kind ; metallic salts. 
CONFECTIO AURANTII. Confection of Orange. 
(Aur. Cort. exter. flbj, Sacch. pur. Ibiij. Beat the 
rind in a stone mortar with a wooden pestle, gradu- 
ally adding the sugar.) 

Stomachic. 






CON 63 



Use. In dyspepsia of children ; and as a vehicle 
for other remedies. 

Dose, ^j to gj. 
CONFECT 10 CASSI^E. Cassia Confection. (Cassias 
pulpas flbss., Manna? gij, Tamarindi pulpas t ^j, Syr. 
Rosas fgviij. Bruise the Manna; then dissolve it 
by heat, and having mixed in the pulp, evaporate 
to a proper consistence.) 

Gently laxative. 

Use. For habitual costiveness ; and as a purge 
for children. 

Dose, ^j to ^j. 
CONFECTIO OPIL Opium Confection. (Opii duri 
sjvj, Piper Long, gj, Zingib. rad. §ij, Carui Sem. 
giij, Tragacanthas contritas gij, Syrupi §xvj. Rub 
the opium with the syrup made hot; then add the 
other articles in the state of powder, and mix.) Gr. 
j of Opium in gr. xxxvj. 

Narcotic and stimulant. 

Use. Atonic gout, flatulent colic, colliquative 
diarrhoea, in the chalk mixture. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. in a bolus or mixture. 
CONFECTIO ROSJE GALLICS. Confection of 
the Red Rose. (Rosas Gal. Petal, lb. j, Sacch. pur. 
lb. iij. Beat the petals in a stone mortar, then add 
the sugar, and beat into a uniform mass.) 

Astringent, tonic. 

Use. In diarrhoea. Rubbed up with new milk, 
it is useful in early convalescence from acute dis- 
eases. A good vehicle. 

Dose, ^j to ^j. 
CONFECTIO SENN^E. Confection of Senna. (Sen- 
nas Fol. gviij, Ficorum lb. j, Tamarindi, Cassias, 
Prunorum Gall. Pulpas, sing. lb. ss , Coriand. giv, 
Glycyrrhizas giij. Sacch. pur. lb. ijss, Aquas Oiij. 
Rub the Senna leaves and Coriander seeds to powder 



64 CON 

and sift; boii . -Mue with the figs, liquorice 

root, and the water to one-half, then press and strain. 
Evaporate the strained liquor to f^xxiv, then add 
the sugar. Finally rub the syrup with the pulp, 
and, adding the sifted powder, mix the whole.) 

Laxative. 

Use. In habitual costiveness, and that attending 
pregnancy. 

Dose, ^j to 31V. 
CONIUM. Hemlock Leaves and Seeds. (C. Macu- 
lalum ) 

Narcotic, poisonous in an overdose; resolvent. 

Use. As a palliative in cancer and scirrhous, 
scrofulous, and syphilitic ulcerations and swellings ; 
pertussis; chronic enlargements of the liver and 
other abdominal organs ; cutaneous affections ; 
asthma; chronic pulmonary diseases, and neural- 
gic affections. Externally ^iij of the dried herb 
boiled in Oj of water as a fomentation to open 
scrofulous and cancerous ulcers ; or as a cataplasm, 
by adding linseed meal and oatmeal. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. iv of the powder, or from gtt. 
ij of the expressed juice, very gradually increased 
to gj. Of the extract, gr. j to gr. iv ; to be reduced 
if it causes vertigo. The extract is the best form 
of administering it; it maybe usefully combined 
with ipecacuanha in pulmonary affections, where 
we wish to quiet cough and relieve bronchial irri- 
tation. 
CONTRA YEKVA. Contrajerva Eoot. [Dorstenia 
contrayerva. ) 

Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. 

Use. In typhus, nervous fever; the fever of den- 
tition hi weak infants ; and dysentery. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. 



COR 65 

CON VALL ARIA MULTIFLORA. Solomon's Seal. 

Tonic, mucilaginous, mildly astringent. Used in 
leucorrhsea, &c. 

Dose. Fluid extract ( 5pj to £v. 
CONVOLVULUS PANDURATUS. Wild Potato. 

Feebly cathartic, diuretic. 

Dose. 40 grs. of dried root. 
COPAIBA. Copaiba Balsam. (C. officinalis.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, purgative in large doses; acts 
on the urethra. 

Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhcea, dysentery, 
and all affections of mucous membranes ; hemor- 
rhoidal affections. 

Dose. "tt£x to fgj in emulsion with gum or yolk of 
egg ; in pills, by mixing the copaiba with magnesia 
and exposing the mixture to the air. It is given 
also in gelatinous capsules. « 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, nitric acid. 
COPTIS. Goldthread. (C. trifolia.) 

Tonic. 

Use. In all cases where a simple tonic is required. 
In aphthous affections of the mouth and throat. 

Dose. Of the powder from gr. x to gr. xxx. Of 
the tinct. gj, §j root, Oj alcohol. 
CORIANDRUM. Coriander Seed. (C. sativum.) 

Carminative. 

Use. In flatulencies ; but chiefly to cover the 
taste of other medicines. 

Dose. 9j to £j entire, or in powder. 
CORYDALIS FORMOSA. Turkey Corn. 

Alterative tonic. Used in syphilis, scrofula, &c. 

Dose. Of fluid extract 10 to 40 drops. 
CORNUS FLORIDA. Dogwood. 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In all cases to which Peruvian Bark is 



66 CRO 

adapted, which it closely resembles, especially in- 
termittents. 

Dose. May be given in powder, decoction, or ex- 
tract of the powder, from J)j to ^j. Infusion most 
employed 
CORYLUS KOSTKATA. Beaked Hazel. 

Anthelmintic. Used the same way as cowhage. 
COTULA. Mayweed. Wild chamomile. Herb of 
Anthemis Cotuia. 

Antispasmodic, vesicant externally. Best given 
in infusion. 
CREASOTUM. Creasote. 

Use. Externally applied in rheumatism and neu- 
ralgia. Given in some stomachic affections, as 
dyspepsia, and anorexia, and to allay nausea and 
vomiting ; used externally in porrigo scutulata, and 
to relieve toothache ; also to foul ulcers and cancer- 
ous sores. 

Dose. From rrj?j to n%\j. 
CRETA PRJ3PARATA. Prepared Chalk. Take 
of chalk a convenient quantity; add a little water 
to it, and rub it into fine powder ; throw this into 
a large vessel nearly full of water, stir briskly, and 
after a short interval pour the supernatant liquor, 
while yet turbid, into another vessel. Repeat the 
process with the chalk remaining in the first vessel, 
and set the turbid liquor by, that the powder may 
subside. Lastly, pour off the water, and dry the 
powder. 

Internally antacid ; externally absorbent. 

Use In diarrhoea from acidity ; externally when 
sprinkled over burns, after the inflammation has 
subsided, and a poultice applied, the skinning over 
the sore is much hastened. 

Dose. Gr. x to gj or more. 
CROCUS. Saffron. (C. sativa.) 



CUP 67 

Stimulant, exhilarating ; diaphoretic, emmena- 
gogue. 

Use. In hysteria and other nervous affections ; 
chiefly to impart color to officinal tinctures. 

Dose. Gr. v to ^ss. 
CUBEB^E. Cubebs. (Piper Cubebce.) 

Stimulant, purgative, diuretic. 

Use. In gonorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea. Also as 
a grateful stomachic, and carminative in disorders 
of the digestive organs. Cubebs have been recom- 
mended in every stage of gonorrhoea, but they are 
most safe and effectual in chronic diseases, and 
where the inflammation is confined to the mucous 
membrane of the urethra. If not speedily useful, 
they should be discontinued. 

Dose. From gr. x to £ss. of the powder, every six 
hours. The volatile oil is sometimes substituted 
in the dose of ten or twelve drops, suspended in 
mucilage, or sugar and water. 
CUCURBITA CITRULLUS. Watermelon. 

Seeds used in strangury, and as a diuretic. In- 
fusion §j or gij to Oj, ad lib. 
CUNILLA MARIANA. American Dittany. 

Used in warm infusions to promote perspiration, 
relieve colic, dysmenorrhcea. 
CUPRI ACETAS. Acetate of copper. 

Tonic, stimulant, escharotic. 

Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic 
affections. 

Dose. Gr. J gradually increased to gr. ij. 

Incomp. Alkalies, chalk mixture, sulphuric acid. 
CUPRI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Copper. 

Tonic, emetic, astringent, escharotic, alterative, 
styptic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, and intermittent fever ; 
and to produce vomiting in incipient phthisis, in 



68 DAU 

croup, and in poisoning; externally as a stimulant 
to ulcers and to take down fungus. A weak solu- 
tion is sometimes used as a collyrium in ophthal- 
mia, and as an injection in gleet. 

Dose. As a tonic, gr. J to gr. ij in a pill ; gr. ij 
to gr. x in fgij of water vomit. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths and their carbonates ; 
sodse biboras ; salts of lead ; acetate of iron ; acetate 
and diacetate of lead; astringent vegetable infu- 
sions, decoctions and tinctures. 
CUPRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Copper 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In epilepsy and chorea after a course o 
purging. 

Dose. Gr. J gradually increased to gr. v in a pil 
twice a day. 

Incomp. Acids, alkalies, lime-water. 
CURCUMA. The root of Turmeric. (C. Longa.) 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. In debilitated states of the stomach ; inter- 
mittent fever ; dropsy. 

Dose. From gss. of the powder to gij , three table- 
spoonfuls, three times a day, of an infusion made 
with ^iij of the root in Oj of water. 
CYDONIUM. Quince seed. 

Mucilaginous. Used in poultice in conjunctivitis. 
CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS. Ladies' Slipper. 

Tonic, nervine, antispasmodic. In hysteria, &c. 

Dose. Of fluid extract gss. to gj. 
DAUCI FRUCTUS ET RADIX. Carrot Root and 
Seed. (D. Carota.) 

The root, emollient ; the seeds, stomachic, carmin- 
ative, diuretic. The root is externally antiseptic. 

Use. The root is chiefly employed as a poultice 
to fetid and ill-conditioned sores. The seeds have 



: 



DEC 69 

very little efficacy in gravel and other renal affec- 
tions, for which they have been extolled. 

Dose. Of the bruised seed Qij, ^j. 
DECOCTUM ALOES COMPOSITUM. Compound 
Decoction of Aloes. (Ext. Glycyrrh. gvij, Potassae 
Carb. 3J, Aloes contritae, Myrrhse contri., Croci 
sing, giss., Tine. Card. Co. f§vij, Aquae Ojss. Boil 
to Oj, and strain ; and then add the Tinct. Card. 
Com p.) 

A warm cathartic ; emmenagogue, tonic, and 
cordial. 

Use. In habitual costiveness from torpor of the 
bowels ; in jaundice, hypochondriasis, chlorosis, 
and dyspepsia. This is a very mild and useful 
laxative where tonics are coindicated. It may be 
used with advantage in some forms of dyspepsia, 
and in those complicated cases in which suppressed 
menstruation is connected with enfeebled digestion 
and a languid state of the bowels, as in chlorosis. 

Dose. ^ss. to f§ij, taken in the morning. 

Incomp. Acid, and acidulous salts, metallic salts. 
DECOCTUM CALUMBJE COMPOSITUM. Com- 
pound Decoction of Calumba. (Calumbae contusae, 
Quassiae aa gij, Aurantii Corticis gj, Rhei in pulv. 
9j, Potassae carbonatis £ss., Aquae fgxx. Boil to a 
pint, and add T. Lavand. f§ss.) 

Tonic. 

Use. In convalescence from fever. 

Dose, fgij thrice a day. 
DECOCTUM CETPvARI^E. (Lichenis gv, Aquae 
Ojss. Boil to Oj, and strain.) 

Tonic, demulcent. 

Use. In protracted coughs, phthisis, emaciation 
from the great discharge of ulcers, pertussis. 

Dose, fgiv to fgij three or four times a day. The 
bitter is completely extracted by steeping the lichen 



70 DEC 

in several waters before it is boiled, adding to each 
water about half a scruple of carbonate of potassa. 
Its nutritive qualities are considerable. 
DECOCTUM CHIMAPHIL^E. Decoction of Win- 
ter-green. (Chimaphilge gj, Aqua? dest. Ojss. Boil 
to a pint and strain.) 

Diuretic. 

Use. In dropsy, calculous and nephritic com- 
plaints. 

Dose. From f^j to f^jss. 
DECOCTUM CINCHONA. Decoction of Cin- 
chona. (Cinchonia? Cort. Contusi gx, Aqua? Oj. 
Boil for ten minutes in a slightly covered vessel, 
and strain while hot.) 

Tonic, antiperiodic. 

Use. When the powder does not sit easy on the 
stomach ; and when large doses are necessary ; or 
ingredients of a nature which cannot be combined 
with the powder are required to be given with the 
bark. 

Dose, fgj to f^iv, three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Tartarized antimony, infusion of astrin- 
gent barks. 
DECOCTUM COKNUS FLORIDA. Decoction 
of Dogwood. (Corn. Florid, c'ont., gj, Aqua? Oj.) 
Boil for ten minutes in a covered vessel, and strain 
the liquor while hot. 

Tonic. 

Use. As a tonic, in dyspepsia and intermittents, 
especially when Peruvian Bark cannot be had. 
DECOCTUM DULCAMARAS. Decoction of Woody 
Nightshade. (Dulcamarsecontussegj, Aquaafgxxiv. 
Boil and evaporate tofgxiv.) 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, alterative, narcotic. 

Use. In dropsy, rheumatism, humoral asthma, 
lepra, and some other diseases of the skin. 



DEC 71 

Dose, f^iv to t ^j, with any aromatic tincture, 
twice or thrice a day. 
DECOCTUM GBANATI. Decoction of Pomegran- 
ate. (Granati §ij, Aquas destillatae Ojss. Boil to 
a pint and strain.) 

Astringent, anthelmintic. 

Use. In tapeworm, dysentery. 

Dose, fjfss. to fgj. 
DECOCTUM ELEMATOXYLI. Decoction of Log- 
wood. (Haematoxyli gj, Cinnamomi contusi gj, 
Aqua? Oj. Boil the wood in the water till it evapo- 
rates to fgx, toward the end of the coction add the 
cinnamon, then strain.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In diarrhoea, and some cases of dyspepsia, 
where the secretions of the intestines are acrid. 

Dose, fgj to f^iij, frequently. 

Incomp. The mineral acids, solution of alum, sul- 
phates of iron and of copper, acetate of lead, tar- 
tarized antimony. 
DECOCTUM! HOKDEI. Decoction of Barley. 
(Hordei Sem. §ijss., Aqua? Oivss. First wash the 
barley well, then boil it for a few minutes in Oss. 
of the water; which being strained off and thrown 
away, add the remainder boiling : boil to 2 pints 
and strain.) 

Nutritive, demulcent. 

Use. As a diluent in febrile affections, recent 
gonorrhoea and strangury, and to form the bulk in 
clysters. Ad libitum. 
DECOCTUM QUEKCUS. (Albas.) Decoction of 
Oak Bark. (Quercus Cort. gx, Aqua? Oij. Boil 
to a pint and strain.) 

Astringent. 

Use. An injection in leucorrhcea, and the gleety 
discharge which frequently remains after miscar- 



72 DEC 

riages ; fomentation in local vitiated ulcer ; an ap- 
plication to warts. 

Incomp. Decoction of cinchona ; gejatine; me- 
tallic salts; alkalies destroy its astringencv. 
DECOCTUM SAKZJE COMPOS1TUM. Compound 
Decoction of Sarsaparilla. (Decocti Sarsaparilla? 
ferv. Oiv, Sassafras Kad. concisse, Guaiaci Ligni 
rasi, Glycyrrh. Kad. cont. sing, gx, Mezerei gij. 
Boil 15 minutes, and strain.) Or, take of Sarsapa- 
rilla gvj, Water Oiv; add the other ingredients, 
and proceed in the same manner. — U. S. Pha?\ 

Diaphoretic, alterative. 

Use. In secondary syphilis ; chronic rheumatism 
and lepra. 

Dose, f ^iv to f gvj twice or thrice a day. 
DECOCTUJM SEISTEG^E Decoction of Senega. 
(Senega? Bad. gx, Aqua? Oij. Boil to Oj and strain.) 

Diuretic, purgative, stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. In dropsy, rheumatism, and affections of the 
lungs attended with debility. Also, in bronchitis, 
where expectoration is scanty, and in croup, amen- 
orrhea, asthma, and scrofula. 

Dose. f§jss. to f ^iij, three or four times a day. 
DECOCTUM SCILL^E. Decoction of Squill. (Scil- 
lae^iij, Juniperi giv, Senega* §iij, Aqua? Oiv. Boil 
to one-half, then strain, and add Spiritus ^Etheris 
Nitrici f§iv.) 

Diuretic. 

Use. Dropsy. 

Dose. From f%] to f^ij, frequently repeated. 
DECOCTUM TAKAXACI. Decoction of Dande- 
lion. (Taraxaci recentis herba? et radicis ^vij, 
Aqua? Ubij. Boil to flbj, and then strain.) 

Purgative, tonic. 

Use. In deficient and irregular action of the liver. 

Dose, fgj to gij, twice or thrice a day. 



: 



DIO 73 

DECOCTUM UV^E UKSI. Decoction of Whortle- 
berry. (Uvse Ursi cont. ^j, Aquae dest. Ojss. Boil 
to a pint and strain ) 

Astringent, diuretic, antilithic. 

Use. In hemorrhages of the prostate gland and 
the intestinal canal, gravel, chronic nephritis, dia- 
betes, and all diseases of the urinary organs. 

Dose, fjj to f Jij three times a day. 

Incomp. Ipecacuanha, opium, infusion of cin- 
chona bark, alkalies. 
DIGITALIS. Foxglove (D. purpura.) Stimulant, 
but afterward sedative, diuretic, narcotic. In over- 
doses it occasions vomiting, purging, vertigo, deli- 
rium, convulsions, and death. 

Use. In inflammatory diseases ; phthisis; active 
hemorrhages, and dropsies, unattended by palsy and 
unsound viscera. From its influence in lowering 
the pulse digitalis has been much employed in pal- 
pitations and other affections of the heart, in mania, 
epilepsy, &c, also as an antispasmodic in pertussis 
and spasmodic asthma ; where there is a laxness of 
fibre, and pale countenance. 

Dose. Gr. j in a pill, united with ammoniacum, 
soap, calomel, or opium, every 6 or 8 hours till the 
remedy acts by the kidneys. 
DIOSCOKEA VILLOSA. Wild Yam 

Antispasmodic ; said to be specific in bilious colic. 

Dose. Of dioscorine 1 to 6 grains. 
DIOSPYROS. Persimmon. (D. Virginiana.) 

Astringent, tonic. 

Use. The decoction of the bark, in intermittents, 
and in the form of a gargle in ulcerated sore throat. 
The fruit, when green, is excessively astringent, 
and the juice may be advantageously employed 
where an astringent effect is desired. 



74 EMP 

DRACONTIUM. Skunk Cabbage. {Symplocarpus 
foetidus. ) 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, expectorant, narcotic. 

Use. In asthma, chronic catarrh, rheumatism, 
hysteria, epilepsy, whooping-cough, and dropsy. 
In large doses it produces nausea and vomiting, 
with headache, vertigo, and dimness of vision. 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx of the powdered root 8 or 
4 times a day. It may also be given in infusion or 
syrup, in doses of from f^j to fgiv. 
DULCAMARA. Woody Nightshade, Bittersweet. 
[Solarium Dulcamara.) 

Diuretic, sudorific, narcotic, alterative. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, humoral asthma, 
dropsy, lepra, Kcrofula, and jaundice. 

Dose. Qj to 3J, in powder; in the form of ex- 
tract, gr. v to gr. x. An overdose produces vomit- 
ing and delirium. 
ELATERIUM. Wild Cucumber. (Momordica ela- 
terium.) 

Violently cathartic ; hydragogue ; diuretic. 

Use. In dropsies. 

Dose. Gr. y^th to gr. J in a pill, or \ gr. every 
hour till it operates ; or gr. j dissolved in gj alcohol, 
with 4 drops of nitric acid, of which from 30 to 40 
drops may be given in water. 
EMPLASTRUM AMMONIAC1. Ammoniacum 
Plaster. (Ammoniaci pur. gv, Aceti destillati 
fgiij. After dissolving the Ammoniacum, the 
plaster is formed by evaporating the mixture, con- 
stantly stirring to a proper consistence.) 

Stimulant, resolvent. 

Use. To scrofulous tumors, bronchocele, white 
swelling, rheumatism. 
EMPLASTRUM AMMONIACI CUM HY- 
DRARGYRO. Plaster of Ammoniac with Mer- 






EMP 75 

cur}'. (Ammoniac Plaster giv, Mercurial Plaster 
gviij.) 

A discutient in venereal nodes, chronic hepatitis, 
&c. 
EMPLASTKUM ASSAF(ETIDJS. Assafoetida 
Plaster, (Assafoet., Lead Plaster, aa Ibj ; Gal- 
banum, Yellow Wax, aa Ibss., Diluted Alcohol, Oiij. 
Dissolve the Assafoetida and Galban. in the alco- 
hol, in a warm bath; strain while hot, and evapo- 
rate to the consistence of honey ; then add the lead 
plaster and wax previously melted together; stir 
well, and evaporate to a proper consistence.) 

Antispasmodic, anodyne. 

Use. In flatulence and hysteria, applied over the 
umbilical region. 
EMPLASTKUM BELLADONNAS. Plaster of 
Belladonna. (Emplastri Kesina3 giij, Extracti 
Belladonna ^jss.) 

Sedative, anodyne. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism and local pains. 
EMPLASTKUM CANTHAKIDIS. Plaster of the 
Spanish or Blistering Fly. (Take of the finely 
powdered Spanish Flies Ibj, Yellow Wax, Kesin, 
Lard, each g viij ; mix and stir till cool.) 

Epispastic. 

Use. In every case where blisters are required. 
Heat destroys the acrimony of the flies ; and there- 
fore this plaster fails when incautiously prepared. 
It should be spread on leather, for a plaster, with 
the thumb, and never with a hot spatula. Perhaps 
the most certain mode of raising blisters would be 
to sprinkle the finely powdered flies on some farina- 
ceous paste, as suggested by Parmentier. In using 
this plaster, the part which it is to cover should be 
bathed with vinegar, and a piece of thin gauze 
pressed down on the surface of the plaster, inter- 



76 EMP 

posed between it and the skin, by which means it 
is easily and cleanly removed. It requires to re- 
main applied twelve hours in order to produce a 
perfect blister. 

EM PL ASTRUM FERRI. Plaster of Red Oxide of 
Iron; Strengthening Plaster. (R. Sub. Garb. Ferri 
giij, Emp. Plumbi lb. ij, Picis Burgund. lb. ss. M.) 
Strengthening, stimulant. 

Use. In muscular relaxations, and in weaknesses 
of the joints after sprains. It acts chiefly in giving 
a mechanical support, by its stiffness and adhesive 
quality 

EMPLASTRUM GALBANI COMPOSITUM 
Galbanum Plaster. (Galbani gviij, Emplastr 
Plumbi lb. iij, Terebinthinaa Vulgaris jx, Abieti 
Resinse contritse gij. Melt the galbanum and tur 
pentine together, then first add the pine resin, and 
afterward the plaster, melted with a gentle heat, 
and mix all together.) 
Stimulant, suppurative. 

Use. To scrofulous tumors ; old arthritic joints; 
and to the lumbar regions in rickets. For the pur- 
poses of a digestive in discharged abscesses, when 
induration remains. 

EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. Mercurial Plas- 
ter. (Etydrarg. §iij, Olivse Olei gj, Emplastri 
Plumbi lb. j, Sulphuris gr. viij. Rub the sulphur 
with the heated oil, stirring constantly until they 
unite, then rub the mercury with them until the 
globules disappear; lastly, add gradually the lead 
plaster melted with a slow fire, and mix the whole 
together. The U. S. Phar. directs to take, Hy- 
drarg. gvj, 01. Oliv., Resinae, aa gij, Emp. Plumbi 
lb- j.) 

Stimulant, resolvent, discutient. 

Use. To buboes and venereal tumors ; nodes, 



! 



EMP 77 

when not painful to the touch, and indurations ; 
and to joints affected with syphilitic pains. 

EMPLASTRUM OPII. Opium Plaster. (Opiijjij, 
Abietis Resinse cont. §iij, Emplast. Plumbi lb. j, 
Aquae fgviij. To the plaster melted add the resin, 
the opium, and water, and boil the mixture with a 
slow fire to a proper consistence.) 
Anodyne, stimulant. 
Use. Against internal pains. 

EMPLASTRUM PICIS BURGUNDIC^E. Bur- 
gundv Pitch Plaster. (Burgundy Pitch lb vj, Yel- 
low Wax Jib.) 

EMPLASTRUM PICIS CUM CANTHARIDE. 
Warming Plaster. (Burgundy Pitch, 3J lbs., Blis- 
tering Plaster, J lb.) 

Useful in rheumatism, catarrh, hepatitis, &c. 

EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI. Lead Plaster. (Plumbi 
Oxidi in pulv. lb. vj, Olivae Olei, cong. j, Aquae Oij. 
Boil together over a slow fire, stirring constantly 
until the oil and the oxide of lead form a plaster.) 
Defensive, slightly adhesive. 
Use. In excoriations ; as a defence to slight 
wounds, and to retain their edges together ; as a 
covering to corns ; and to form the basis of some 
other plaster. 

EMPLASTRUM RESIN JE. Resin Plaster. Adhe- 
sive Plaster. (ResinaeFlavaelb. ss., Emplast. Plumbi 
lb. iij. Melt the Plaster with a gentle heat, then 
add the resin, and mix.) 

Defensive, adhesive, slightly stimulant. 
Use. In retaining the lips of recent wounds to- 
gether, that they may heal by the first intention ; 
and to give support to ulcerated parts, to assist their 
granulation. 

EMPLASTRUM SAPONIS. Soap Plaster. (Saponis 
concisi lb. ss., Emplast. Plumbi lb. iij. Mix the soap 



78 ERY 

with the melted plaster and boil to a proper con- 
sistence.) 

JVlildly discutient. 

Use. Applied to lymphatic tumors; and used 
with the same views as the mercurial plaster, but 
with much less effect. 
EPIG^EA REPENS. Trailing Arbutus. Ground 
Laurel. 

Used in the same way as Uva Ursi and Buchu. 
EKGOTA. Spurred Eye. 

Stimulant, acting chiefly on the muscular system 
of the uterus. Narcotic; a narcotico-acrid poison. 

Use. In parturition when the pains languish, and 
the uterine action becomes torpid, provided the os 
uteri be fully dilated, and the membranes ruptured. 
In leucorrhcea and uterine hemorrhage. 

Dose. Qj to gss. in cases of parturition ; gr. v to 
gr. x in leucorrhcea, three or four times a day. The 
most common way of giving Ergot is in decoction, 
gj of it bruised to gvj boiling water — boil ten min- 
utes ; strain and sweeten, and give one-third every 
half hour — in parturient cases. Or, of the Tincture 
made by digesting gss. in ^vj Rectified Spirit four 
days, jj — of the oil, from twenty to fifty drops. 
ERIGERON. Eleabane. (E. Canadense.) 

Diuretic, tonic, astringent. 

Use. In dropsy and diarrhoea. Recommended in 
gravel and nephritic diseases, as well as dropsy. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gss. to gj. Of the 
infusion, prepared in the proportion of gj of the 
leaves to Oj boiling water, from fjij to fgiv. 
Aqueous extract, from gr. v to gr. x every few 
hours. 
ERYNGIUM. Button Snakeroot. (E. aquaticum.) 

Diaphoretic, expectorant, emetic. 

Use. As an expectorant in pulmonary and ca- 



EUP 79 

tarrhal affections ; its effects resemble those of 
Seneka Snakeroot. 
ERYTHRONIUM. Dog's Tooth Violet. (E. Ameri- 
canum.) 

Emetic. 

Dose. From gr. xx to gr. xxx of the powdered 
recent bulb, proves emetic; a smaller dose, expec- 
torant. 
EUONYMTJSATROPURPUREUS.BurningBush. 
Wahoo. 

Tonic, laxative, alterative, diuretic, expectorant. 

Dose. As a diuretic in dropsy ; a wineglassful of 
decoction or infusion (gj to Oj). Eluid extract gj 
to gij. 
EUPATORIUM. Thoroughwort. Boneset. (E. 
perfoliatum.) 

Tonic, diaphoretic, emetic, aperient, according to 
dose. 

Use. As a diaphoretic in catarrh and rheumatism ; 
in intermittents, and remittents, and inflammatory 
diseases ; as a tonic in dyspepsia and general de- 
bility ; given cold. 

Dose. As a tonic, from J)j to gj of the powdered 
leaves, or f^j to f^iv infusion ; as a diaphoretic, 
every two hours the infusion should be given warm, 
while the patient is covered in bed ; as emetic and 
cathartic, a strong decoction, in doses of Oss or 
more. 
EUPHORBIA. Spurge. (E. corollata.) 

The root is emetic and cathartic. In small doses, 
diaphoretic and expectorant. Inferior to ipecacu- 
anha as to safety, and to antimony as to certainty. 
Externally vesicant. 

Dose. Of the powder from gr. x to gr. xx ; as a 
cathartic, from gr. iij to gr. x. 



80 EXT 

EXTRACTUM ACONITI. Extract of Aconite. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs. 
EXTRACTUM ACONITI ALCOHOLICUM. 

Narcotic, diuretic 

Use. In obstinate chronic rheumatisms and head- 
aches ; agues, glandular swellings, convulsions ; 
chronic uterine hemorrhages; neuralgia and spinal 
irritations. 

Dose. Gr. £ night and morning, gradually in- 
creased to gr. v, in the form of pills. 
EXTRACTUM BELLADONNA. Extract of Bel- 
ladonna. 

Narcotic ; it is used in the same cases as the plant. 

Dose. Gr. J gradually increased togr. ij in pills. 
EXTRACTUM CANNABIS INDICA. 

Powerful narcotic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In neuralgia, gout, tetanus, &c. 

Dose. Variable as the extract varies. Gr. j every 
2 to 4 hours, gradually increased. 
EXTRACTUM CINCHONA. Resinous Extract of 
Bark. 

The same as the bark in substance. 

Use. In ague, and every complaint for which 
bark is used. It is more grateful to the stomach 
than the water extracts. 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx in pills, or dissolved in 
some distilled water. 
EXTRACTUM COLCHICI ACETICUM. 

Use. The same as the bulb. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. ij, two or three times a dav. 
EXTRACTUM COLOCYNTHIDIS COMPOSI- 
TUM. Compound Extract of Colocynth. 

Cathartic, stimulant. 

Use. In obstinate visceral obstructions ; habitual 
costiveness in leucophlegmatic habits ; dropsies ; 
worms. 



EXT 81 

Dose. Gr. vj to ^ss., in pills. 
EXTRACTUM CONII. Extract of Hemlock. 

Narcotic, alterative, resolvent. 

Use. In scrofula, scirrhus, and cancer, particu- 
larly for allaying the pain of uterine cancer, with- 
out producing costiveness, as opium does; a useful 
addition to mercurial salts in cutaneous complaints. 

Dose. Gr. iij gradually increased, twice or thrice 
a day. 
EXTRACTUM CUBEB^E FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Cubebs. 

Dose. tt£v to xxx, in water. 
EXTRACTUM GENTIAN J3. Extract of Gentian. 

Tonic, stomachic; in large doses aperient. 

Use. In dyspepsia ; jaundice, &c. ; but it is chiefly 
used as a medium forgiving the metallic oxides, in 
the form of pills ; an excellent adjunct to ipecacu- 
anha in the latter stage of dysentery. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^ss. twice or thrice a dav. 
EXTRACTUM GLYCYRRHIZJ3. Extract of 
Liquorice. 

Demulcent. 

Use. In the tickling cough of catarrh it is per- 
haps the most useful of the demulcents, as it hangs 
about and sheaths the fauces. 

Dose. %) to gij ad libitum. 
EXTRACTUM HJEMATOXYLI. Extract of Log- 
wood 

Astringent. 

Use. In diarrhoeas, the protracted stage of dys- 
entery, and internal hemorrhages. It may be given 
clyster-wise in solution. 

Dose. Gr. x to £j in pills or dissolved in cinna- 
mon-water. 

Incomp. Alkalies and their carbonates ; mag- 
nesia, carbonate of lime. 



82 EXT 

EXTKACTUM HYOSCYAMI. Extract of Hen- 
bane. 

Narcotic. 

Use. In nervous affections, rheumatism, gout, 
chordees, obstinate ulcerations; and whenever it is 
required to allay pain, and avoid costiveness, which 
opium is apt to induce. 

Dose. Gr. ij . It has been increased to the extent 
of Qj twice a day. 

Incomp. Astringent infusions and decoctions. 
EXTKACTUM JALAP M. Extract of Jalap. 

Cathartic, hydragogue. 

Use. In costiveness, worms, dropsy, generally 
combined with soap or calomel. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qj in pills. To children the hard 
extract is given, triturated with sugar or testaceous 
powders. 
EXTKACTUM JUGLANDIS. Extractof Butter 
nut. 

Purgative, or laxative, according to dose. 

Dose. From gr. xx to gr. xxx, it acts as a mild 
cathartic. 
EXTKACTUM KKAMEKI^E. Extract of Kra- 
meria. Extract of Khatany. 

A powerful astringent. 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea and internal hemor- 
rhages. 

Dose. From gr. iv to Qj. 
EXTKACTUM NUCIS VOMICAE. Extract of 
Nux Vomica. 

Stimulant. 

Use. In paraplegia, and other cases of partial 
paralysis. 

Dose. From gr. \ to gr. jss. 
EXTKACTUM PIPEKIS FLUIDUM. Fluid Ex- 
tract of Black Pepper. 

Dose. trj> 1, 2. 



)US 

er- 
ild 



EXT 83 

EXTKACTUM PODOPHYLLI. Extract of May 
Apple. 

Purgative. 

Dose. From gr. v to gr. xv. 
EXTRACTUM QUASSIA. Extract of Quassia. 
Tonic. 

Use. In atonic dyspepsia, and general debility. 
Dose. From gr. v to gr. x. 
EXTRACTUM RHEI. Extract of Rhubarb. 

Dose. 10 to 30 grs. 
EXTRACTUM RHEI FLUIDUM. Fluid Extract 
of Rhubarb. 
Dose. fgss. 
EXTRACTUM SARSAPARILLA FLUIDUM. 
Fluid Extract of Sarsaparilla. 

Use. In the same cases as the powder of the root, 
especially in secondary syphilis. 
Dose, fgj, twice or thrice a day. 
EXTRACTUM SARZA. Extract of Sarsaparilla. 
(A strained decoction evaporated.) 

Oper. The same as the powder of the root, to the 
decoction of which this extract is added, " to render 
it stronger and more efficacious." 

Dose. Gr. x to gj in pills, or dissolved in the de- 
coction. 
EXTRACTUM SENATE FLUIDUM. Fluid ex- 
tract of Senna. 

Dose, fgj to fgiv for an adult. 
EXTRACTUM SPIGELI^E ET SENN^E FLUI- 
DUM. Fluid Extract of Spigelia and Senna. 
Dose, f^ss for an adult ; fgj for a child 2 years old. 
EXTRACTUM STRAMONII. Extract of Stra- 
monium. 

A powerful narcotic. When taken in quantity 
sufficient to affect the system moderately, it pro- 
duces more or less cerebral disturbance, such as 



84 FER 

vertigo, headache, dimness of vision, &c, with a 
disposition to sleep ; has a laxative effect upon the 
bowels, and increases the secretion from the skin 
and kidneys ; does not affect the pulse, but some- 
times produces deranged sensations about the fauces, 
oesophagus, and trachea. 

Use. In asthma, pertussis, neuralgia, syphilis, 
cancer, rheumatism, and other spasmodic affections. 

Dose. Gr. ss., in the form of pill, twice or thrice 
a day. 
EXTRACTUM TARAXACI. Extract of Dandelion. 

Laxative, diuretic, alterative. 

Use. In jaundice, chronic inflammation, and in- 
cipient scirrhus of the liver, chronic derangements 
of the stomach, hypochondriasis, and dropsy. 

Dose. Gr. iv to ^j united with sulphate of potassa. 
EXTRACTUxM VALERIANAE FLUIDUM. Fluid 

Extract of Valerian. 
EEL BOVINUiM. Ox Gall (Inspissated). 

Tonic, laxative. 

Use. In cases of deficient bile. 

Dose. Grs. v to x. 
EERRUM. Iron. 

Tonic, deobstruent ; anthelmintic; producing 
fetid eructations, owing to its meeting with acid in 
the stomach, which oxidizes it, and evolves sul- 
phuretted hydrogen gas. 

Use. In general debility, dyspepsia, hysteria, 
chlorosis, worms, and in passive hemorrhages. It 
can prove useful only when it is oxidized, which is 
known by the eructations and black faeces. 

Dose. Of the filings gr. v to J)j, with some aro- 
matic powder ; or in the form of electuary with 
honey ; or pills with extract of gentian. 

Queveune's Metallic Iron (Ferrum per Hydrogen) 
— the most useful form. Dose. — Gr. ij in pill after 
each meal. 



FER 85 

FERRUM AMMONIATUM. Ammoniated Iron. 

An aperient chalybeate. 

Use. Amenorrhoea, epilepsy, scrofula, &c. 

Dose. 4 to 12 grs. several times a day. 
FERRI CITRAS. Citrate of Iron. 

A pleasant chalybeate. 

Dose. 5 grs. or more. 
FERRI FERROCYANIDUM. Prussian Blue. 

Tonic, febrifuge, alterative. 

Use. Intermittents, epilepsy, neuralgia. 

Dose. 3 to 5 grs. 
FERRI IODIDUM. Iodide of Iron. 

Tonic, emmenagogue. 

Dose. Gr. j to viij. 

Use. In all cases of debility, in scrofula, incipient 
cancer, amenorrhoea, secondary syphilis, mesenteric 
obstructions. A bad form of the preparation, which 
should only be kept in solution. 
FERRI LACTAS. Lactate of Iron. 

Use. In chlorosis, &c. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs., gradually. 
FERRI OXIDUM HYDRATUM. (Hydrated Ox- 
ide of Iron. Hydrated Sesquioxide of Iron.) (Sul- 
phate of Iron ^iv, Sulphuric Acid fgiijss., Nitric 
Acid fgvj, or sufficient quantity, Solution of Am- 
monia a sufficient quantity, Water Oij. Dissolve 
the iron in the water, and having added the sul- 
phuric acid, boil the solution ; then add the nitric 
acid in small portions, boiling the liquid for a 
minute or two, after each addition, until the acid 
ceases to produce a dark color. Filter the liquid, 
allow it to cool, and add solution of ammonia in 
excess, stirring the mixture briskly. Wash the pre- 
cipitate with water until the washings cease to yield 
a precipitate with chloride of barium, and keep it 
in close bottles with water sufficient to cover it.) 



86 FER 

Use. An antidote for poisoning with arsenic and 
its salts; acts by combining with arsenious acid, 
and rendering it insoluble. 

Dose, gj frequently repeated. This preparation 
of iron will remove arsenic from its solution in 
water, by adding 12 grains of it for every grain of 
the arsenic. Of course, it must be given in large 
quantities, and proportioned to the quantity of ar- 
senic taken. 
EEKKI PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Iron. 

Use. A valuable tonic in amenorrhea, and some 
forms of dyspepsia ; also in intermittents. 
Dose. Gr. v to gr. x. 
EERRI PULVIS. Quevenne's Iron. See Ferrum 
EERRI ET POTASSES TARTRAS. Tartrate o: 
Iron and Potassa. 
Tonic. 

Use. This is one of the mildest of the salts of 
iron, and so palatable that children may be easily 
persuaded to take it In scrofulous tumors, weak- 
ened bowels, &c. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss. in powder or bolus, mixed 
with any aromatic, or with columbo. 

Incomp. Potassa3 sulphuretum, infusions of oak 
bark, galls, or other astringent vegetables. 
EERRI ETQUINIJECITRAS. Citrate of Iron and 
Quinia. (Quinia §j , Acidum Citrici ^ij , Eerri Citras 
gv, Aquse f^xij — heat together, stir, and avoid 
ebullition — evaporate, and spread on glass to dry.) 
Use. Tonic. 

Dose. Grs. v or more, 3 times a day, in solution 
or pill. 
EERRI RAMENTA. Iron Eilings. 
EERRI SUBCARBONAS. 

Tonic, emmenagogue, alterative. 

Use. It is advantageously employed in tic dou- 



e 

- 



FRA 87 

loureux and other forms of neuralgia, dyspepsia, 
chlorosis, chorea, and lately has been much recom- 
mended in cancer. One of our best chalybeates. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss. united with myrrh, bitter 
extract, or some aromatic. 

Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. 
FERRI SULPHAS Sulphate of Iron. 

Tonic, emmenagogue, astringent, anthelmintic ; 
in large doses emetic. 

Use. In diseases of general debility, amenorrhcea, 
with a weak, languid pulse; diabetes ; in clysters 
against ascarides. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. v, combined with rnyrrh, am- 
moniacum, and bitter extracts. 

Incomp. The earths, chloride of calcium, chloride 
of barium, alkalies and their carbonates, biboras 
sodte, nitras argenti, acetas plumbi, soaps, tannin. 
FICUS. Figs. 

Nutritious, laxative, demulcent. 
FILIX. Male Fern Root. (Aspidium filix mas.) 

Anthelmintic. 

Use. In tinea lata, and cueurbitina ; but perhaps 
more is to be attributed to the active purgatives 
with which it is generally followed. 

Dose, spj to giij of the solid part of the powdered 
root taken in the morning, and soon after it a strong 
cathartic of gamboge or jalap, worked off with 
green tea. This was Madame Nouffier's celebrated 
remedy. 
FCENICULUM. Fennel. (F. vulgare.) 

Carminative, diuretic. 

Use. In flatulencies. 

Dose. 9j to gj, bruised, to Oj boiling water. 
FRASERA. American Columbo. (F. Walteri.) 

A mild and valuable tonic. 

Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is needed. 






88 GAM 

Dose. Of the powder, from gss. to ^j ; of the in- 
fusion, made with gj of the bruised root to Oj boil- 
ing water, ^j to gij several times a day. 
GALBANUM. Galbanum Gum-Resin. 

Internally antispasmodic, expectorant ; exter- 
nally resolvent, discutient. 

Use. In hysteria, particularly that which attends 
irregular and deficient menstruation ; chlorosis, ex- 
ternally to indolent tumors. 

Dose. Gr. x to ^j in pills, or emulsion. 
GALIUM APARINE. Cleavers. Goose-grass. 

Expressed juice aperient, diuretic, antiscorbuti 

Dose, ^iij, twice a day. 
GALL^E/ Galls. 

Powerfully astringent, tonic. 

Use. They have been used in diarrhcea, intestinal 
hemorrhages, and intermittents ; but they are prin- 
cipally employed in gargles and injections ; and the 
powder to form an ointment for piles, in the pro- 
portion of £ij to lard gij, and powdered opium gj. 

Dose. When exhibited internally, gr. x to ^j, 
twice or thrice a day. 

Incom/p. Lime-water, potassaa carbonas, plumbi 
acetas, et diacetatis, cupri sulphas, argenti nitras, 
ferri iodidum, ferri sulphas, antimonii potassio-tar- 
tras, hydrargyri nitras, hydrargyri bichloridum, 
infusum cinchonse, solution of isinglass, solution of 
opium ; all of which precipitate the infusion of galls. 
GAM BOGIA. Gamboge. 

Drastic cathartic, emetic, hydragogue, anthel- 
mintic. 

Use. In visceral obstructions and dropsy. In 
tapeworm, with carbonate of potassa. 

Dose. Gr. ij to gr. x in powder, with calomel, 
squills, &c. 



GEU 89 

GAULTHEKIA. Partridge Berry. (G. procum- 

bens.) 

Stimulant, cordial, astringent, emmenagogue. 

Use. In diarrhoea, amenorrhea ; but chiefly to 
flavor other medicines. 

Dose. Of the infusion, fgij tofgiv; oil, ^ij to 

GELSEMINUM SEMPEEYIKENS. Yellow Jas- 
mine. 

An excellent febrifuge. 

Used in neuralgia, headache, chorea, &c. 

Dose. Fluid extract, 3 to 20 drops. 
GENTIAN A. Gentian root. (G. lutea.) 

Tonic, stomachic, in large doses aperient ; anti- 
septic. 

Use. In dyspepsia, hysteria, jaundice; gout, 
united with aromatics ; chlorosis, with chalyb- 
eates ; and dropsies, with squill and neutral salts. 
Externally in putrid ulcers. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qij. Yide Infusion, &c. 
GERANIUM. Crane's Bill. (G. maculatum.) 

A powerful astringent. 

Use. Diarrhoea, and in the second stage of dysen- 
tery after evacuants ; cholera infantum ; passive 
hemorrhages. An elegant remedy in cases of in- 
fants, or of persons with very delicate stomachs. 
Locally, to indolent ulcers, an injection in gleet and 
leucorrhoea, a gargle in relaxation of the uvula and 
aphthous ulcerations of the throat. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gr. xx to gr. xxx; of 
the decoction, from gj to ^ij. It may be given to 
children, boiled in milk. 
GEUM. Water Avens. (G. rivale.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In diarrhoea, leucorrhoea, passive hemor- 
rhages, general debility. 



90 GOS 

Dose. Of the powdered root, from ^j to gj three 
times a day ; of the decoction, made with g j of the 
root to Oj of water, from fgj to f^ij ; a weak decoc- 
tion is sometimes made by invalids as a substitute 
for coffee. 
GILLENIA. Indian Physic. American Ipecac. 
(G. trifoliata.) 

Emetic, cathartic; in small doses tonic. 

Use. As a mild emetic where such medicines are 
indicated ; as a substitute for ipecacuanha. 

Dose. Of the powdered root, as an emetic, from 

gr. xx to gr. xxx, repeated every twenty minutes, 

till it operates ; as alterative and tonic, from gr. 

to gr. xv. 

GL YCEEINA. Glycerine. Sweet principle of oils. 

Demulcent, antiseptic. 

Use. Externally, in skin diseases, &c. 
GLYCYREHIZA. Liquorice root. (Q. glabra.) 

Demulcent. 

Use. In catarrh ; but it is generally combined 
with other mucilages, and is a pleasant and useful 
demulcent. 

Dose. Of the powder, ^ss. to gj. 
GNAPHALIUM MARGARITACEUM. Life 
everlasting. 

Used as tea in pectoral and bowel complaints, and 
as poultice in bruises, &c. 
GOLD. Aurum. 

The preparations of gold are powerfully alter- 
ative, and have been but little studied. 
GOSSYPIUM. Cotton. (G. herbaceum.) 

Used in burns and to blisters, but often acts as 
an irritant in such cases. A solution of gun-cotton 
in ether forms collodion. A fluid extract used as 
emmenagogue and abortive. 



HED 91 

GRANATUM. Pomegranate Bark and flowers, and 
bark of the root. (Punica granatum.) 

Astringent, anthelmintic. 

Use. In chronic and colliquative diarrhoeas, and 
the protracted stage of dysentery ; for tapeworm ; 
externally, as an injection in leucorrhcea, and 
gargles in angina. 

Dose. In substance, gss. to gj ; of a decoction 
f^ss., every three hours. 
* Incomp. Sulphate of iron, iodide of iron, nitrate 
of silver, acetates of lead. 
GUAIACI EESINA ET LIGNUM. Guaiacum 
Resin and wood. (6r. officinale.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic ; in large doses purgative. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, gout, cutaneous 
diseases, and the sequela of lues venerea. 

Dose. To produce its first effects, gr. v to Qj in 
pills, or in emulsion made with mucilage or yolk of 
egg ; to purge, gr. xv to gj, in the same form. 

Incomp. The mineral acids. 
HJEMATOXYLUM. Logwood, (H. campechianum.) 

Astringent, tonic. 

Use. In the protracted stage of diarrhoea and 
dysentery, under the form of decoction. (R. Of the 
shavings S|j, water Oij. Boil to Oj and strain.) 

Dose, f^j to fgij every three or four hours. 

Incomp. The mineral acids, acetic acid, solution 
of alum, sulphate of iron and of copper, acetate of 
lead, antimonii potassio-tartras. Opium, decoction 
of cinchona flava. 
HAMAMELIS VIRGINICA. Witch-hazel. 

Astringent, sedative, discutient. 

Used in hemorrhages and piles. For the latter, 
equal parts of this bark, white oak bark, and bark 
of the apple tree, in decoction, made up with lard. 
HEDEOMA. Pennyroyal. (H. pulegioides.) 



92 HEU 

An aromatic stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic, em- 
menagogue. 

Dose. Of infusion, ad libitum. Oil from ^j to 

HELONIAS DIOICA. Starwort. False Unicorn 
Plant. 

Tonic, diuretic, vermifuge. 

The bulbous root efficacious in atony of the gen- 
erative organs. 

Dose. In powder, ^iss three times a day. May 
be used in tincture and syrup. 
HELLEBOEUS. Black Hellebore Hoot. (H.niger.) 

Cathartic, hydragogue, emmenagogue. 

Use. In mania and melancholia, dropsy, and in 
suppression of the menses in plethoric habits ; but 
it may be questioned whether it is equal to jalap, 
&c. It is seldom got genuine. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qij purge strongly ; to produce its 
other effects, gr. ij to gr. iij, three times a day. Sel- 
dom used in substance. 
HEPATIC A. Liverwort. (H. Americana.) 

Demulcent, slightly tonic, astringent, diuretic, 
has no very active virtues. 

Use. In chronic coughs, haemoptysis and hepatic 
affections. The empirical preparations of this plant 
owe their efficacy to opium, which they contain in 
considerable quantities. 
HEKACLEUM. Masterwort. {H. lanatum.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In epilepsy, attended with flatulence and 
gastric disorder. 

Dose, gij to ^iij of the powdered root daily, long 
continued, with a strong infusion of the leaves at 
bedtime. 
HEUCHEEA. Alum Eoot. (H. Americana.) 

Very astringent. 



HYD 93 

Use. Where astringents are indicated ; as a local 
application to ulcers and cancer; also as a styptic. 
HUMULUS. Hops. (H. lupulus.) 

Narcotic, anodyne, diuretic. 

Use. In gout and rheumatism ; under the form of 
infusion in the proportion of ^ss. to Oj of boiling 
water; but the extract is preferable. The powder, 
formed into an ointment with lard, is said to ease 
the pain of open cancer. A pillow stuffed with hops 
is an old mode of procuring sleep in the wakefulness 
of delirious fever. Its power has been overrated. 

Dose. Gr. iij to Qj united with gss. of cinnamon 
water, twice or thrice a day ; of the infusion, §jss. 
HYDEANGEA AKBOKESCENS. Hydrangea. 

Proposed as a specific in gravel, or beginning of 
calculi. 

Dose. Fluid extract, ^j to ^ij. 
HYDKAKGYKI CHLOKIDUM COBROSIVUM. 
Corrosive Sublimate. 

Stimulant, antisyphilitic, alterative. 

Use. In venereal complaints with the greatest ad- 
vantage, when a quick and general action is re- 
quired ; but its effects are not permanent. In lepra, 
combined with antimonials ; and in chronic rheu- 
matism. Dissolved in the proportion of gr. iij to 
water Oj, as a gargle in venereal sore throats; and 
a little stronger we have found it useful as a gargle 
in breaking the abscess in cynanche tonsillaris. It 
is applied externally- to tetters, and for destroying 
fungus; gr. iv in water Oj is a good wash in scabies. 
It may be given clysterwise, when the stomach will 
not bear it. Great caution is necessary in using it 
externally. 

Dose. Gr. ^ to J, made into a pill. "When swal- 
lowed as a poison, the best antidote is white of egg. 
(Orfila.) 



94 HYD 

Incomp. Vide Liquor Bichloridi. 
HYDKAKGYKI CHLOKIDUM MITE. Chloride 
of Mercury or Calomel. (A chloride by sublima- 
tion.) Calomelas. (In prescribing, it is perhaps 
safest to use the term Calomelas.) 

Antisyphilitic, alterative ; in large doses purga- 
tive. 

Use. In venereal diseases and chronic hepatitis, 
combined with opium ; in scrofula with cicuta ; in 
convulsive affections with opium, camphor, assa- 
foetida, &c. ; in dropsies with squill, foxglove, and 
elaterium ; and in rheumatism and lepra with anti- 
monials, guaiacum, and other sudorifics. As a pur- 
gative in any case not attended with intestinal in- 
flammation ; generally united with purgatives, as 
gamboge, scammony, jalap, or rhubarb. 

Dose. Gr. j to gr. ij , night and morning, in a pill ; 
if it do not purge it gradually excites ptyalism : gr. 
iij to gr. x purge. Children bear larger doses than 
adults proportionately. 

Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, alkalies 
and their carbonates, lime-water, soaps, sulphurets, 
iron, lead, copper. The bicarbonates of the alkalies 
do not decompose it. 
HYDKAKGYKI IODIDUM VIKIDE. Iodide of 
Mercury. Protiodide of Mercury. 

Excitant, alterative. 

Use. In strumous affections and lepra : as an ex- 
ternal application. The iodides of mercury are 
among our most powerful alteratives, uniting in 
their effects the properties of both their constitu- 
ents. They affect the mouth more speedily than 
other mercurials, and are particularly indicated in 
scrofula and secondary syphilis, in scrofulous habits. 
Externally, they are used successfully in ulcers, ill- 
conditioned sores, swelled joints, where we wish to 



HYD 95 

promote the action of the absorbents ; and neuralgic 
affections. 

Dose. Gr. £ to gr. ij , in pill or dissolved in alco- 
hol. 
HYDKABGYKI IODIDUM BUBBUM. Bed Io- 
dide of Mercurjv (Biniodide of Mercury.) 
Dose. Gr. -JL to J. 
HYDBABGYBI OXYDUM NIGBUM. Black Ox- 
ide of Mercury. 

In scrofula, cutaneous affections, and as an alter- 
ative in venereal diseases. 
Dose. Gr. J to J. 
HYDBABGYBI SULPHUBETUM NIGBUM. 
Sulphuret of Mercury. Ethiops Mineral. 
Alterative. 

Use. In scrofula and cutaneous diseases. 
Dose. Gr. v to zss. 
HYDBABGYBI SULPHUBETUM BUBBUM. 
Cinnabar. 

Sometimes used in fumigation as a sialagogue. 
HYDBABGYBI SULPHAS FLAVA. Yellow 
Sulphate of Mercury. (Turpeth Mineral.) 

Prop. A lemon-yellow powder, almost insoluble 
in water; entirely dissipated by heat, sulphuric 
acid being evolved, and metallic globules sublimed. 
HYDBABGYBUM AMMONIATUM. Ammonio- 
chloride, or White Precipitated Mercury. White 
precipitate. (A binoxide, combined with bichlo- 
ride of mercury and ammonia, forming a triple salt.) 
Detergent. 

Use. As an external application, united with lard, 

In scabies, and some other cutaneous affections. 

HYDBABGYBUM CUM CBETA. Mercury with 

Chalk. (A protoxide, formed by trituration with 

carbonate of lime. Take of Mercury giij, Pre- 



96 HYD 

pared Chalk gv. Bub together till all the globules 
disappear. 

Alterative, antisyphilitic. 

Use. In porrigo, and other cutaneous affections ; 
in venereal complaints its operation is so slow and 
weak as to merit no attention. An alterative in 
visceral diseases of children, especially in chronic 
diarrhoea and cholera infantum. 

Dose. Gr. v to gss., twice a day, in any viscid 
substance. 

Incomp. Acids and acidulous salts. 
HYDRARGYRUM CUM MAGNESIA. Mercury 
with Magnesia. (A protoxide, formed by tritura- 
tion with carbonate of magnesia.) 

In every respect this preparation resembles the 
former ; the employment of the carbonate of mag- 
nesia instead of chalk, does not alter the properties 
nor the virtues of the remedy. 
HYDRARGYRUxM NITRICO-OXYDUM. Hy- 
drargyri Oxydum Rubrum. Nitric Oxide of Mer- 
cury. Red Oxide of Mercury. Red Precipitate. 

Stimulant, escharotic. 

Use. In the proportion of gr. ss. to sugar gr. iv, 
it is blown into the eye to remove specks on the 
cornea; applied to chancres and foul ulcers, to 
cleanse and stimulate them, either sprinkled on the 
part in fine powder, or united with lard into an 
ointment. 
HYDRASTIS CANADENSIS. Yellow Root. 

Tonrc, astringent. 

Use. In infusion, as collyria, to old ulcers, in 
gonorrhoea, gleet, &c. 

Dose. Injection of infusion. (^ ss - Hydrastis, in 
powder, §viij Cold Water) four or five times a day, 
after urination, in gonorrhoea and gleet, fgj of 
fluid extract, in dyspepsia, &c. 



IMP 97 

HYPERICUM PERFORATUM. St. Johnswort. 

Astringent. 

Used in domestic practice in doses of ^ij of the 
summits. 
HYOSCYAMI FOLIA ET SEMINA. Henbane 
Leaves and Seeds. (H. niger.) 

Narcotic, anodyne, antispasmodic, slightly stimu- 
lant. 

Use. In epilepsy, hysteria, palpitation, palsy, 
mania, and scirrhus, as a substitute for opium to 
procure sleep in nervous habits, pertussis, asthma, 
catarrh, gout, rheumatism, externally as a cata- 
plasm in cancer and glandular swellings ; and to 
dilate the pupil, or in fine powder sprinkled on can- 
cerous sores, to allay pain. 

Dose. Gr. iij to gr. x of the powder ; but gener- 
ally the extract is preferred. 
ICHTHYOCOLLA. Isinglass. Sounds of the swim- 
ming bladders of fishes, as the Weak Fish and Cod, 
but especially the different species of sturgeon. 

Nutritive, demulcent, externally adhesive. 

Use. As a diet for the sick and convalescent, and 
infants troubled with acidity of the prima? vise. 
As an article of diet and in cholera infantum, far 
preferable to vegetable farinaceous substances, as 
arrowroot, &c. The English court-plaster is made 
with it. 

Incomp. Astringent vegetable infusions, carb. 
potash, alcohol. 
ILEX OPACA American Holly. 

The bitter principle, ilisin } has been proposed as 
a substitute for quinia. 
IMPATIENS FULVA. Touch-me-not. 

An ointment made by boiling the plant in lard, 
used in piles. 

7 



98 INF 

INFUSUM ANGUSTURiE. Infusion of Cusparia. 
(Cuspariae Cort. contusi gv, Aquae Fervent. Oj. 
Macerate for two hours and strain.) 

Tonic, antiseptic. 

Use. In febrile diseases, obstinate bilious diarrhoea 
and dysentery, after proper evacuations. 

Dose, fgj to fgij three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Infusion of galls, and of catechu ; tartar 
emetic ; sulphates of iron and of zinc ; nitrate of 
silver, bichloride of mercury, acetates of lead. 
INFUSUM ANTHEMIDIS" Infusion of Chamo- 
mile. (Anthemidis £v, Aq. Fervent Oj. Macerate 
for ten minutes in a covered vessel and strain.) 

Tonic, emetic when taken warm. 

Use. The cold infusion in dyspepsia, hysteria, 
and other complaints attended with debility of the 
stomach ; the warm is employed either alone to ex- 
cite gentle vomiting, or to assist the operation of 
other emetics. 

Dose, fgj to fgij. 

Incomp. Isinglass; infusion of yellow cinchona ; 
solutions of sulphate of iron, nitrate of silver, 
bichloride of mercury, acetates of lead. 
INFUSUM ARMORACI^E. Infusion of Horse- 
radish. (Armor, concisae, Sinapis contusi, sing, gj, 
Spiritus Armoraciae Comp. fgj, Aquae Ferv. Oj. 
Macerate for two hours in a covered vessel, then 
strain, and add the Spir. Armoraciae Comp.) 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In paralysis, scorbutus, chronic rheumatism, 
and dropsies occurring after intermittents. 

Dose. f!|j to f^iij three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Carbonate of alkalies, bichloride of mer- 
cury, nitrate of silver, infusion of galls, and of cin- 
chona. 
INFUSUM BUCHU. (Foliorum Diosmse gj, Aquas 



INF 99 

Ferventis Oj. Digest for four hours, and strain 
through cloth.) 

Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. In chronic inflammation of the mucous mem- 
brane of the bladder. 

Dose, f^j to fgij twice or thrice a day. 
INFUSUM COLOMBO Infusion of Calumba. 
(Calunibaeconcisse^v, AquseFerv. Oj. Macerate for 
two hours in a slightly covered vessel, and strain.) 

Tonic without stimulating ; antiseptic. 

Use. In dyspepsia and cholera, the vomiting of 
which it checks; in bilious remittent fever; to 
check the nausea and vomiting of pregnancy ; and 
the severe diarrhoea and vomiting often attending 
dentition; in the hectic of phthisis, to correct acri- 
mony, and to strengthen the digestion ; and in the 
low state of puerperal fever. 

Dose. f§jss. to fgij three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Antimonii potassio-tartras, hydrargyri 
bichloridum, nitras argenti, acetas plumbi; infu- 
sion of cinchona. 
INFUSUM CARYOPHYLLI. Infusion of Cloves. 
(Caryophyl. contus. £iij, Aq. Fervent. Oj. Mace- 
rate in a covered vessel for two hours, and strain.) 

Stimulant, tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In atonic gout, when the stomach is affected ; 
and flatulent colic. 

Dose, fgjss. to fgij three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Sulphas ferri ; sulphas zinci ; antimonii 
potassio-tartras ; nitras argenti ; acetas plumbi ; in- 
fusion of cinchona. 
INFUSUM CASCARILL^E. Infusion of Cascarilla. 
(Cascarilla Cort. cont. §iss., Aq. Ferv. Oj. Macerate 
for two hours in a covered vessel, and strain.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 



100 INF 

Use. In alvine fluxes, particularly after measles ; 
in the aphtha gangrenosa of children. 

Dose, fjjjss. to fjjij for adults twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Infusion of galls and yellow cinchona ; 
lime-water; solutions of sulphate of iron, nitrate of 
silver, acetates of lead. * 

INFUSUM CATECHU COMPOSITTJM. Infusion 
of Catechu. (Catechu Extracti gj, Cinnam. Cort. 
contusi 3J, Aquas Fervent. Oj. Macerate for an 
hour, and strain.) 

Astringent, stomachic. 

Use. In diarrhoeas from a laxity of the "bowels. 

Dose. From fgj to f^ij every three hours, or after 
every loose stool. 

Incomp. Tartar emetic, sulphate of iron, sulphate 
of zinc, solution of isinglass, infusion of cinchona, 
the strong acids, bichloride of mercury. 
INFUSUM CINCHONA. Infusion of Cinchona. 
(Cinch. Cort. contusi gj, Aquas Ferv. Oj. Macerate 
for six hours, and strain. L. The Comp. Inf. of 
Per. Bark of the U. S. Phar. is prepared in the 
same manner, adding gj aromatic sulphuric acid.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In dyspepsia and convalescence. 

Dose, fgj to fgij united with some aromatic tinc- 
ture, or a mineral acid, three or four times a day. 

Incomp. Tartar emetic, sulphates of iron and of 
zinc, nitrate of silver and bichloride of mercury, 
acetates of lead. Decoction of gall, lime-water, 
carbonates of alkalies, and infusions of almost all 
the vegetable bitters. 
INFUSUM DIGITALIS. Infusion of Foxglove. 
(Digitalis Fol. exsiccat. £j, Spir. Cinnamomi t ^j, 
Aq. Ferv. Oj. Macerate for four hours, strain.) 

Diuretic, sedative. 



INF 101 

Use. In dropsies, humoral asthma, phthisis pul- 
monalis ; and in diseases of increased action. 

Dose. f§ss. to f^j every eight or ten hours, till it 
affects the kidneys, the pulse, stomach, or bowels; 
and then stopped. 

Incomp. Sulphas ferri, acetas plumbi j infusion of 
yellow cinchona. 
INFUSUM EUPATOEII. Infusion of Thorough- 
wort. (R. Of Thorough wort, the dried herb, §j, 
Boili ng Water Oj . Macerate two hours in a covered 
vessel, and strain.) 

Cold tonic ; when warm, diaphoretic, emetic. 

Use. As a diaphoretic, in catarrh and colds, drank 
freely, warm. The cold infusion is an excellent mild 
tonic in dyspepsia and intermittents. 

Dose, f^j to fgij three or four times a day. 
INFUSUM GENTIANS COMPOSITUM. Com- 
pound Infusion of Gentian. (Gentianse Kad. con- 
cise, Aurantii cort. exsic, sing, gij, Limonis cort. 
recent, jiv, Aq. Ferv. Oj.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In dyspepsia and chlorosis, united with 
chalybeates, or with alkalies ; diarrhoea and gout, 
with absorbents and aromatic tinctures ; and in 
dropsy, with squill and neutral salts. 

Dose, f^jss. to fgij three times a day. 

Incomp. Acetates of lead. 
INFUSUM KRAMERI^E. Infusion of Rhatany. 
(Kramerise gj, Aquas dest. ferv. Oj. Macerate for 
four hours in a covered vessel, and strain.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea ; as a gargle in relaxa- 
tion of the uvula. 

Dose, f^iss. to f^ij- 
INFUSUM LINI. Infusion of Linseed. (Lini Sem. 
contus. ^vj, Glycyrrh. Rad. con. gij, Aquae ferv. 



102 INF 

Oj. Macerate for four hours, near the fire, and 
strain.) 

Demulcent. 

Use. In catarrh, pneumonic affections, strangury, 
gonorrhoea ; and after operations on the urethra or 
the bladder. 

Dose. A teacupful ad libitum. 

Incomp. Alcohol, acetates of lead. 
INFUSUM HUMULI. Infusion of Hop. (Lupuli 
gvj, Aquse dest. ferv. Oj. Macerate for four hours, 
and strain.) 

Tonic, slightly narcotic. 

Dose. f|j to fgij. 
INFUSUM PKUNI VIRGINIANS. Infusion of 
Wild Cherry Bark. (Take of Wild Cherry Bark, 
bruised, §ss., Cold Water Oj. Macerate for twenty- 
four hours, and strain.) 

Tonic and antispasmodic, narcotic. 

Use. As a tonic, where there is much nervous 
excitability, with a debilitated condition of the 
stomach and bowels, together with general or local 
irritation. Improves the appetite, induces sleep, 
calms nervous irritability, and allays the action of 
the heart and arteries. Highly useful in the hectic 
fever of scrofula and consumption, dyspepsia, inter- 
mittents, &c. 

Dose, f^ij to f^iij three or four times a day. 
INFUSUM QUASSIA. Infusion of Quassia. (Quas- 
sia concise Qij, Aqua Ferv. Oj. Macerate for two 
hours, and strain.) Cold water often preferable. 

Tonic, antiseptic. 

Use. In bilious fevers, united with alkaline salts ; 
hysteria, with camphor and tincture of valerian; 
gout, with aromatics and ginger ; and in dyspepsia, 
with sulphate of zinc, or with mineral acids. 

Dose, fjj to fgij twice or thrice a day. 



INF 103 

Incomp. Acetas plumbi, nitras argenti. 
INFUSUM RHEI. Infusion of Khubarb. (Rheicon- 
cisi giij, Aq. Ferv. Oj. Macerate for two hours in 
a covered vessel, and strain.) 

Purgative, stomachic. 

Use. In costiveness ; and, united with ginger and 
aromatics, in diarrhoeas from weakness of the 
bowels. 

Dose, f*j to fjjiij, united with neutral salts; 
fgss. with tinct. of cinnamon, where its stomachic 
effect only is required. 

Incomp. Solution of isinglass, infusion of yellow 
cinchona, all the strong acids, nitrate of silver, bi- 
chloride of mercury, acetates of lead, sulphate of 
iron, tartar emetic, magnesia. 
INFUSUM KOS^E COMPOSITUM. Infusion of 
the Rose. (Rosse Gallicse Petal, exsicc. ^iij, Aquaa 
FerventisOj, AcidiSulph.Dilut. f^jss.jSacch.Purif. 
gvj. After pouring the water on the petals, in a 
glass vessel, add the acid, and macerate for half an 
hour ; then strain, and add the sugar.) 

Sub-astringent, refrigerant. 

Use. In the colliquative sweats of phthisis ; and, 
with additional acid and some nitre, in uterine and 
pulmonary hemorrhages ; topically as a gargle in 
cynanche tonsillaris. The infusion is an elegant 
vehicle for many active remedies, particularly sul- 
phate of magnesia, the nauseous taste of which it 
covers. 

Dose, fgiss. to Oss. every three or four hours. 

Incomp. Sulphates of iron and of zinc, alkalies, 

earths. 

LNFUSUM SARSAPARILLJ3. Infusion of Sar- 

saparilla. (Rad. Sarsaparilla, previously washed in 

cold water and sliced, §j, Aquas dest. by measure 



104 INF 

lb. j. Macerate for twelve hours in a closed vessel, 
occasionally agitating, then strain.) 

Use. The same as the decoction. 

Dose. 131 v, twice a day. 
INF USUM SENN^E. Infusion of Senna. (Sennaa 
Fol. gxv, Zingiberis con. 7)iv, Aquae Ferv. Oj. 
Macerate for an hour in a covered vessel, and 
strain.) 

Purgative. 

Use. In costiveness, and to move the bowels in 
acute diseases; the ginger counteracts the griping 
quality of the senna. It is generally united with 
neutral purgative salts and manna. 

Dose, fgj to f^iv. 

Incomp. The same as of infusion of serpentaria, 
and also. all salts having potassa for a base. 
,INFUSUM SERPENTARIA. Infusion of Vir- 
ginia Snake Root. (Serpentarise giv, Aqua3 dest. 
Fervent. Oj. Macerate in a covered vessel for four 
hours, and strain.) 

Excitant diaphoretic. 

Dose, fgj to fgij. 

Incomp. Strong acids, lime-water, the alkaline 
carbonates, solutions of nitrate of silver, bichloride 
of mercury, acetates of lead, tartarized antimony, 
and infusion of yellow cinchona. 
INFUSUM SPIGELI^E. Infusion of Pink Root 
(R. Root ^ss., Boiling "Water Oj. Macerate two 
hours.) fgj to §viij. 
INFUSUM TABACI. Infusion of Tobacco. (Tabaci 
fol. 3J, Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate for an hour in 
a covered vessel, and strain.) 

Sedative, antispasmodic. 

Use. As a clyster in ileus, colica pictonum, stran- 
gulated hernia, and retention of urine from spasm 
of the urethra. It is, however, a very dangerous 



IOD 105 

remedy, and not over one-third of Oj should be ad- 
ministered at once. 
ITSTFUSUM ULML Infusion of Slippery-Elm Bark. 
(R. Bark of Slippery-Elm §j, Boiling Water Oj. 
Macerate for two hours.) 
INFUSUM VALERIANAE. Infusion of Valerian. 
(Valerianae giv, Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate for 
half an hour, and when cold, strain.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In hysteria, when the stomach will not bear 
the powder. 

Dose, fgiss. to f^ij twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Nitrate of silver, sulphate of iron, infu- 
sion of yellow cinchona. 
INULA. Elecampane. (I. helenium.) 

Tonic, diuretic, expectorant. 

Use. In dyspepsia, paralysis, dropsies, asthma. 

Dose, ^j to gj in powder. 
IODINIUM. Iodine. 

Stimulant, absorbent, emmenagogue, alterative. 

Use. In bronchocele and other glandular swell- 
ings, not of scirrhous nature, scrofula, dropsy, 
cutaneous diseases, secondary syphilis, rheumatism, 
gout, hepatitis ; to bring on menstruation in young 
females in whom it has not occurred ; to assist the 
cicatrization of venereal ulcers. 

Dose. From gr. i to gr. iv, made into pills with 
crumbs of bread. 
IODO-HYDRAROYRATE OF POTASSIUM.— 
(Iod. Potass, grs. iiiss., Biniodide Mercury grs. ivss., 
Aqua destil. fjj. Dissolve first the red Iod. Merc, 
then the Iod. Potass. This solution contains grs. 
viij.) 

Use. In pulmonary complaints, dyspepsia, amen- 
orrhea, &c. Increases all the secretions. A most 
admirable remedy. 



106 JAL 

Dose. 2 to 10 drops of the solution three times a 
day in syr. sarsaparilla. 
IPECACUANHA RADIX. Ipecacuan Eoot. (C«- 
phcelis Ipecac.) 

Emetic in large doses ; sudorific, expectorant, in 
smaller. 

Use. To produce vomiting in the commencement 
of fevers, phthisis, inflammatory diseases, buboes, 
swelled testicles, and before the paroxysms of ague ; 
to excite nausea in dysentery, asthma, pertussis, 
hemorrhages, pneumonia, and combined with opi- 
um, to produce diaphoresis in rheumatism, gout, 
and febrile disorders. 

Dose. For the first intention, gr. xx, alone, or 
united with tartar emetic gr. j ; for the second, gr. 
j to gr. iij ; and the third, gr. ij to gr. vj , with 
opium gr. j. 

Incom.p. Vegetable acids, astringent vegetable 
infusions. 
IRIS FLORENTINA. Florentine Orris. 

Peculiar fragrant odor, bitterish, acrid taste. 

Oper. Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. 

Use. In dropsy ; but chiefly used for its fragrance 
in tooth-powder, to correct an offensive breath ; to 
keep up a discharge from issues in the form of 
small round balls. 
IRIS VERSICOLOR. Blue Flag. 

Cathartic, emetic, diuretic. 

Use. But seldom employed, owing to the dis- 
tressing nausea and prostration it occasions. 

Dose. Dried root, gr. x to gr. xx. 
JALAP A. Jalap. (Ipomea jalapa.) 

Cathartic ; the resinous part gripes violently. 

Use. In costiveness, mania, worms, and as a hy- 
dragogue in dropsy. It is also a good adjunct to 
quicken the operation of the chloride of mercury, 



KI1SP 107 

and other purgatives of slow operation. A drop 
of essential oil prevents its griping. 
Dose. Gr. x to gss. in pills or a bolus. 
JUGLANS. Butternut. (J. cinerea.) 

Cathartic; operating without pain or irritation, 
resembling rhubarb. 

Use. In habitual costiveness ; fevers, combined 
with calomel ; hepatic diseases with dandelion. 

Dose. Gr. xx to gr. xxx as a purge, gr. v, laxa- 
tive. 
JUNIPERUS. Juniper Fruits and Tops. (J. com- 
munis.) 

Diuretic, carminative, diaphoretic. 
Use. In dropsies; but they cannot be depended 
on alone, although they are an admirable adjunct 
to digitalis and squills. 

Dose. 9j to gss., triturated with sugar, three or 
four times a day. The best form of exhibiting the 
fruit is an infusion made with giij bruised, and boil- 
ing water Oj. 
JUNIPEHUS VIBG1NTANA. Eed Cedar. 

Stimulant, emmenagogue, diuretic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In amenorrhea, chronic rheumatism, dropsy; 

externally, as an irritant ointment, made by boiling 

the fresh leaves in twice their weight of lard, and 

, adding a little wax ; or the dried leaves may be 

mixed with six times their weight of resin cerate. 

Applied to blistered surfaces to keep up a purulent 

discharge ; inferior to the savine. 

KALMIA LATIFOLIA. Mountain Laurel. 

Has been used in diarrhoea, syphilis, and cutane- 
ous eruptions ; but is too dangerous. 
KINO. (Pterocarpus marsupiicm.) 
Astringent. 

Use. In obstinate chronic diarrhoeas ; uterine, in- 
testinal, and pulmonary hemorrhages, fluor albus. 



108 LEO 

Dose. Gr. x to gr. xx in powder ; or in solution 
of the powder gj, mucilage of gum fgj, cinnamon 
water f^v ; two tablespoonfuls occasionally. Vide 
Tinct. 

Incomp. The mineral acids, alkalies and their 
carbonates ; acetates of lead, nitrate of silver, tartar 
pmetic, sulphate of iron, bichloride of mercury. 
KOOSO. Flowers of Brayera anthelmintica. 

An Abyssinian vermifuge of great repute. 

Dose. gss. to an adult, followed by a cathartic. 
KRAMERIA. Ehatany Root. (K. triandra.) 

Astringent, diuretic, detergent. 

Use. In dysentery attended with bloody stools; 
in ulceration of the gums, and as a stomachic in 
dyspepsia. 

Dose. £)ss. to gj in powder. 
LACTUCARIUM. 

Narcotic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In coughs, phthisis pulmonalis, and all pain- 
ful affections. 

Dose. From grs. ij to grs. vj. 
LACTUCA SATIVA. Garden Lettuce. 

The inspissated juice, called Laetucarium, is 
chiefly employed. 

Anodyne, sedative, narcotic ; similar to opium. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. xx. An uncertain medicine. 
LAPPA. Burdock. (L. minor.) 

Aperient, diaphoretic. 

Dose. Of decoction (gij bruised root in Oiij 
water boiled to Oij) Oj during the day. 
LAVANDULA. Lavender Flowers. (L. vera.) 

Stimulant, slightly erihine. 
LEONTICE THALICTROIDES. Blue Cohosh. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, anthelmintic, exerts a spe- 
cial influence on the uterus. 

Useful in chronic uterine disease. 



LIN 109 

Dose. Fluid extract, 15 to 40 drops. 
LEPTANDEA VIRGINICA. Culver's Physic. 

Violent cathartic, emetic. 
LIATRIS SPICATA. Button Snakeroot. 

Diuretic, cholagogue, laxative. 

Dose. Fluid extract, £j to gij. 
LIMONES. Lemons. (Citrus limonum.) 

Juice refrigerant, antiseptic ; bark and oil ex- 
citant. 

Use. The juice as a beverage, diluted with water, 
and sweetened, is useful in febrile and inflamma- 
tory complaints, cooling and quenching thirst : alone 
or combined with wine, in scorbutus ; with camphor 
mixture, decoction of cinchona, or wine, in putrid 
sore throats, remittent fevers, diabetes, and lien- 
teria ; and with common salt in dysentery and 
colics. 

Dose, fgij, or more, two or three times a day ; di- 
luted ad libitum. 
LINIMENTUM AMMONITE. Liniment of Am- 
. monia. (Liquoris Amnionic f^j, Olivae Olei f^ij. 
Shake them together until they mix.) A soap. 

Stimulant, rubefacient, diaphoretic. 

Use. In cynanche tonsillaris, spread on a piece 
of flannel, and applied around the throat. When 
the skin is very irritable a larger proportion of oil 
is requisite. 
LINIMENTUM CALCIS. Linimentof Lime-water. 
(Olei Lini Usitat., Aquae Calcis, utriusque partes 
aequales. Mix.) A soap. 

Cooling, emollient. 

Use. To burns and scalds, spread thick upon lint, 
and applied over the affected parts. 
LINIMENTUM CAMPHORS. Camphor Lini- 
ment. (Camphorae ^j, Olivas Olei f^iv. Dissolve.) 
3J contains grs. xv of camphor. 



110 LIN 

Stimulant, anodyne. 

Use. To glandular swellings, sprains, bruises, 
and joints affected with chronic rheumatic pains ; 
applied by friction. 
LINIMENTUM CAMPHORiE COMPOSITUM. 
Compound Camphor Liniment. (Camphoraa §ijss., 
Liq. Amnionic f^vijss., Spir. Lavandulae Oj.) 

Stimulant, anodyne. 

Use. To sprains, bruises, and chronic rheumatic 
pains. 

Incomp. All acids, water. 
LINIMEISTTUM CANTHARIDIS. Liniment of 
Spanish Flies. (R. Spanish Flies in powder gj, 
Oil of Turpentine Oss. Digest for three hours, by 
means of a water-bath, and strain.) 
LINIMENTUMHYDRARGYRICOMPOSITUM. 
Mercurial Liniment. (Ung. Hydrarg. fort., Adipis 
Prseparataa, sing, ^iv, Camphorse^j, Spir. Rect. f^j, 
Liquoris Ammonisef^iv. First, rub the camphor 
with the spirit, then add the ointment and lard, and 
lastly, gradually, the solution.) 

Stimulant, discutient. 

Use. To parts affected with chronic venereal 
pains, nodes, and tophi ; to indolent swellings, and 
to discuss collections of fluids gj rubbed on the af- 
fected parts night and morning. 
LINIMENTUMOPII. Liniment of Opium. (Linim. 
Saponis f§.vj, Opii Tinct. f^ij. Mix.) 

Use. To allay pains ; and to procure sleep, when 

opium cannot be taken into the stomach. 

LINIMENTUM SAPONIS CAMPHORATUM. 

Opodeldoc. Compound Soap Liniment. (Saponis 

Duri giij, -Camphorse §j, Spir. Rosmarini f^xvj.) 

Stimulant, anodyne. 

Use. Against local pains ; rubbed on the part. 



LIQ 111 

"With the addition of Tincture of Spanish Flies, 
and of opium, this liniment is of great use in allay- 
ing the violent pains of colic, and procuring sleep. 
LINIMENTUM TABACI. Liniment of Tobacco. 
(Tabaci concisi §j , Adipis lb. j . Simmer the tobacco 
in the lard over a gentle fire until it becomes crisp, 
and strain.) 

Stimulant, narcotic. 

Use. In tinea capitis, scabies, hemorrhoids. 
LINIMENTUM TEREBINTHIN^E. Turpentine 
Liniment. (Saponis Jij, Camphoraegj, 01. Tere- 
binthinae f^xvj. Melt the cerate, and stir in the 
oil.) 

Stimulant. 

Use. To burns. 
LINUM. Flaxseed. (L. usitatissimum.) 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In catarrh, dysentery, strangury, &c, as 
enema and as poultice. 

Dose. Of decoction, ad libitum. 
LIQUOR ALUMINIS COMPOSITUS. Compound 
Solution of Alum. (Alum, Zinci Sulphas, aa gi, 
"Water Oiij.) 

A powerful astringent. 

Use. To foul ulcers. In gleet and leucorrhoea. 
As collvrium f^ss. to f^viss. Rose Water. 
LIQUOR AMMONITE. Solution of Ammonia, 
(Ammonias Hydrochloratis gx, Calcis iviij, Aquae 
Oij ) 

Stimulant, antacid, rubefacient. 

Use. Largely diluted, in asphyxia, acidities of the 
primae viae, and in hysteria ; externally it is applied 
to the nostrils in faintings ; a rag moistened with 
it and laid over the scrobiculus cordis, sometimes 
raises an instantaneous blister, and always proves 



112 LIQ 

useful in spasms and gout of the stomach. A lini- 
ment composed of camphor gj dissolved in olive oil 
fgj and liq. ammon. fgij, is an excellent applica- 
tion to parts affected with deep-seated inflammation. 
(Granville's Lotion.) 

Dose, "n^v to n^xxx, diluted with water or milk. 

Incomp. All the metallic salts; the acids; sulphas 
alu minis. 
LIQUOR AMMONITE ACETATIS. Solution of 
Acetate of Ammonia. Spirit of Mindererus. (Am- 
monias Sesquicarbonatis givss., Aceti Destillati Oiv, 
or add the salt till the acid be saturated.) 

Sudorific; externally, cooling, astringent. 

Use. Diluted, in febrile and inflammatory com- 
plaints ; as a lotion in inflamed surfaces, sprains, 
and fractures ; diluted with rose-water, a good col- 
lyrium ; and still more diluted, an injection in the 
commencement of gonorrhoea. 

Dose, f^ij to f^xij, every three or four hours. 

Incomp. Acids, alkalies, nitras argenti. 
LIQUOR ARSEN1CALIS. Arsenical Solution. 
Fowler's Solution, &c. (Acid Arsenios., Pot. Carb. 
pur. aa Ixiv, grs. Aqua Destil. q. s. Boil the Acid 
and Carb. Potass, with 12 fluidounces of water in a 
glass vessel, until dissolved. When cold add Sp. 
Lavand. c. fgiv, and enough water to make one 
pint.) fgj contains gr. ss. of Arsenious Acid. 

Dose. 1-10 gtt., one to three times a day, inter- 
mitting occasionally. 

Use. Tonic, antiperiodic. In obstinate agues, 
and chronic diseases of the skin. 

Incomp. Mineral acids ; salts of lime and mag- 
nesia, alum, cinchona, salts of silver, copper, and 
iron. 
LIQUOR ARSENICI ET HYDRARGYRI IODI- 



LIQ 113 

Dl. Solution of Iodide of Arsenic and Mercury. 
Donovan's Solution. (Iodide of Arsenic, Eed Iodide 
of Mercury aa xxxv grs., Distilled Water Oss. Rub 
the iodides with fgss. of water ; when dissolved add 
the rest, boil, and filter.) 

Alterative in skin diseases. 

Dose. 5 to 10 drops 3 times a da v. 
LIQUOR BARII CHLORIDI. Solution of Chloride 
of Barium. 

Anthelmintic, alterative. 

Use. In cancer and scrofula. 

Dose. 5 drops, cautiously increased. 
LIQUOR CALCIS. Lime-water. (Lime giv, water 
one gallon. Stir together, and decant when clear.) 

Antacid, tonic, astringent 

L^sed with two parts of milk in clvspepsia. 
LIQUOR CALCIS. Solution of Lime. (Calcis fibss., 
Aqua? Destillata? Oxij. Add a little of the water to 
the lime, and when slaked add the remainder, and 
shake them together; then cover the vessel, and let 
it stand three hours; then bottle it, lime and water, 
in stopped bottles; and when it is to be used, take 
the clear solution.) Aqua Calcis. 

Antacid, anthelmintic; externally, detergent. 

Use. Diarrhoea, diabetes, flunr albus ; dyspepsia, 
when much acid is in the stomach; in slimy bowels 
and worms; externally, as a lotion to foul and can- 
cerous ulcers ; also in tinea capitis and scabies, but 
with little advantage. 

Dose, fgj to f§vj with milk. When long used 
in dyspepsia, it should be discontinued at intervals. 

Incomp. Acids, alkaline carbonates, tartar emetic, 
barytes, tartrates, and citrates. Infusions of orange- 
peel, calumba, cinchona, rhubarb, and senna. 
LIQUOR CALCII CHLORIDI. Solution of Chlo- 



114 LIQ 

ride of Calcium. (Chloridi Calcis giv, Aqua Dest. 
fgxij. Or, take of Marble in fragments gix, Muri- 
atic Acid Oj, Distilled "Water a sufficient quantity. 
Mix the acid with Oss. distilled water, and gradually 
add the marble. Toward the close of the efferves- 
cence, apply a gentle heat ; and when the action has 
ceased, pour off the clear liquor and evaporate to 
dryness. Dissolve the residuum in its weight and 
a half of distilled water, and filter the solution.) 

Use. The same as the chloride. 

Dose, n^xl to f gij. 
LIQUOR FERRI 10DIDI. Solution of Iodide of 
Iron. (The XL S. Phar. directs to take of Iodine 
gij, Iron Filings gj, Prepared Honey f§ v, Distilled 
Water a sufficient quantity. Mix the iodine with 
fgx of the distilled water, in a glass vessel, and 
gradually add the iron filings. Heat the mixture 
gently until the liquor acquires a light-greenish 
color; then having added the honey, continue the 
heat a short time and filter. Lastly, pour distilled 
water upon the filter, and allow it to pass until the 
whole of the filtered liquor measures f^xx. Keep 
in closely stopped bottles.) 

Use. The same as iodide. 

Dose, ti^xx to f^j. 
LIQUOR lODINll COMPOSITUS. Compound 
Solution of the Iodide of Potassium. (Iodide of 
Potassium ten grains, Iodine five grains, Distilled 
Water one pint. Mix and dissolve. Or, R. Iodine 
gvj, Iodide of Potassium gjss., Distilled Water Oj. 
Dissolve.) 

Prop. Brown color ; smell, taste, and reaction 
upon starch, the same as iodine. 

Use. In scrofulous affections, bronchocele, and 
secondary syphilis. 

Dose. From trj^ij to NJlvj. 



LIQ 115 

LIQUOR JtfAGNESIJE CITRATES. Solution of 

Citrate of Magnesia. (Carb. Magnes. gv, Citric 

Acid ^viiss.j Syrup of Citric Acid f^ij, Water, q. s. 

Dissolve the acid in fgiv water, and add g\v car- 
bonate, previously rubbed with fgiij water. Filter 
into a gxij strong glass bottle, into which the syrup 
was previously introduced. Rub the remaining 
carb. rnagnes. with x 3 i j water, pour it in the bottle, 
and cork tightly. 

A cooling cathartic. 

Dose, f'5 xii or fj|vj as a laxative. 
LIQUOR MORPHI-E ACETATES. Solution of 
Acetate of Morphia. (Take of Acetate Morphia grs. 
xyj, Distilled Water %vjj Dilute Acetic Acid fx\]. 
Mix. 

Use. The same as that of the solid acetate. 

Dose. From ltgvj to tt^xxxvj in any bland vehicle. 

*^* .The addition of the acid prevents the decom- 
position of the acetate, which always occurs when 
the solid acetate is dissolved in water. 
LIQUOR MORPHINE SULPHATIS. Solution of 
Sulphate of Morphia (8 grs. to Oss. Water). 

Dose, f^j to fijij, containing J to J or. Magen- 
die's solution contains 16 grs. to fgj. 
.IQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Solution of 
Subacetate of Lead. | Take Acetate of Lead §xvj, 
Semi vitrified Oxide of Lead, in powder, -ixss., Dis- 
tilled TN'ater. Oiv. Boil together in a s;iass or por- 
celain vessel for half an hour. Filter.) 

Externally, cooling, astringent, discutient. 

Use. Diluted with forty times its quantity of dis- 
tilled water, it is a useful application to phlegmon- 
ous inflammations and burns ; and. still more di- 
luted, it forms a good collyrium, and wash for the 
mouth in salivation. 



116 LIQ 

Incomp. Mucilaginous solutions or decoctions ; 
common pump water. 
LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATLS DILUTUS. 

Solution of subacetate of lead ^ij, distilled water 
Oj. Mix. 
LIQUOR POT ASS^E. Solution of Potash. (Potass* 
Carbonatis ^xv, Caleisgviij, Aquae Dest. Ferv. con- 
gium. Dissolve the alkali in cong. ss. of the water, 
sprinkle a little water on the lime to slake it, and 
add the rest of the water. Mix the whole ; set the 
mixture aside in a close vessel, and when it is cold, 
decant, and keep the decanted fluid in well-stopped 
vials of green glass.) 

Lithontriptic in some cases ; antacid ; diuretic ; 
externally, escharotic, stimulant. 

Use. The reputation of alkalies in calculus is not 
so high as formerly : potassa acts on uric calculi, 
and therefore may be useful in nephritic calculus ; 
but its chief use is in preventing the formation of 
uric acid. It neutralizes acids in the stomach, and 
allays irritability of that organ ; it is useful in lepra 
vulgaris, psoriasis, and some other cutaneous com- 
plaints. Externally, diluted as a lotion in rachitis 
and gouty swellings. 

Dose, tt^x to f^j in chicken broth or beer, three 
or four times a day. When used to counteract acid- 
ity, a bitter should be united to it. 

Incomp. Acids, metallic salts, sesquicarbonate, 
acetate, and hydrochlorate of ammonia, chloride 
and bichloride of mercury. 
LIQUOR POTASSES CARBONATIS. Solution of 
Carbonate of Potassa. (Potassae Carbonatis gxx, 
Aquae Destillatae Oj.) Dissolve and strain. 

Antacid, diuretic. 

Use. In acidity of the stomach : most advantage- 



LOB 117 

ous when united with myrrh. (R. Pulv. Myrrhae 
^j, Liq. Potassse Carbonatis fgiv. Infuse for four 
days, filter through paper, and give it in the same 
doses as the liquor.) 

Dose, "n^x to fgj in any bitter infusion. 
LIQUOR POTASSJE CITRATIS. U. S. Neutral 
Mixture. (R. Fresh Lemon-juice Oss., Carbonate 
Potassa? q. s.; saturate.) 
LIQUOR SOD.E CHLORINATE. Solution of 
Chlorinated Soda. Labarraque's Disinfecting 
Fluid. (Soda? Carbonatis Ibj, Aq. Dest. fgxlviij, 
Sodii Chloridi giv, Manganesii Binoxydi §iij, 
Acidi Sulph. giv. Dissolve the carbonate of soda 
in one pint water, then put the chloride of sodium 
and the binoxide of manganese in powder into a 
retort, and add the sulphuric acid, diluted with 
fgiij of water, when cold. Apply heat, and trans- 
mit the chlorine through the solution of carbonate 
of soda.) The formula of the U. S. Pharmacopoeia 
differs from Labarraque's, although similar in 
effect. 

Astringent, antiseptic. 

Use. In typhus, or in other low fevers, largely di- 
luted ; to destroy fetor and tendency to putrefaction 
in the bowels. A disinfecting agent. 
LIRIODENDROX. Tulip-Tree Bark. (L. tulipifera.) 
Tonic, diaphoretic, stimulant. 
Use. In inter mittents, chronic rheumatism, dys- 
pepsia. 

Dose. Of the powders, £ss. to ^ij. Infusion, fgj 
to fgij. 
LOBELIA. Indian Tobacco. (L. inflata.) 

Emetic, purgative, expectorant, antispasmodic. 
Use. In the paroxysms of asthma; in croup, 
whooping-cough. 



118 MAG 

Dose. In powder, gr. iv to gr. xx ; infusion, f3g, 
tincture rrj^xv to ^xxx. 
LYCOPUS. Bugle Weed. (L. Virginicus.) 

Narcotic, tonic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In affections of the lungs, quiets irritation, 
allays cough, diminishes the pulse. 

Dose. Of the infusion, ad libitum. 
MAGNESIA. Magnesia. (Obtained from Carbonate 
of Magnesia, by exposure to a strong heat.) Mag- 
nesia Usta. 

Antacid ; laxative when it meets with acids in the 
stomach. 

Use. In heartburn, aphthae, and other acidities: 
preferable to chalk when the bowels are costive. 
Sometimes it is given in dysentery, combined with 
ipecacuanha and opium, and followed by successive 
draughts of lemonade. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^j occasionally, in water or milk. 

Incomp. Acids, metallic salts ; hydrochlorate of 
ammonia. 
MAGNESIA CAEBONAS. (Prepared from Sul- 
phate of Magnesia by Carbonate of Soda.) 

Antacid ; laxative when it meets with acid. 

Use. The same as that of magnesia ; but, owing 
to the carbonic acid, it sometimes occasions un- 
pleasant distension. 

Dose. fj^ss. to gij in water. 
MAGNESLE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Magnesia. 
(Obtained from sea-water : magnesian limestone.) 

Purgative, diuretic. 

Use. In all cases which require purgatives. It 
operates without griping, and, when united with 
infusion of roses acidulated, will sit on the stomach 
when all other things are rejected. The less it is 
diluted, if a draught of warm water be taken an 



MAR 119 

hour afterward, the better and more easily it oper- 
ates. An adjunct to clysters. 

Dose. gss. to gj. In clysters, 3J SS - to §^j- 

Incomp. The fixed alkalies and their carbonates, 
lime-water, chloride of barium, nitrate of silver, 
acetates of lead. 
MAGNOLIA. Magnolia. (M. glauca, &c.) 

A gently stimulating aromatic tonic, and diapho- 
retic. 

Use. In intermittents, chronic rheumatism, and 
gastric debility. 

Dose. Of the powdered bark, gss. to gj often re- 
peated. The infusion is less efficient. 
MALVA. Common Mallow. (Malva sylvestris.) 

Demulcent, similar to Linum. 
MANGANESII OXIDUM. Oxide of Manganese. 

Use. In syphilis, scurvy, itch, and porrigo. 

Dose. 3 to 20 grs. in pill, Ointment spj to gj Lard. 
MANNA. Manna. (Ornus Europcea.) 

Laxative, apt to gripe. 

Use. As a purgative for children, who readily take 
it on account of its sweetness ; but more generally 
it is used as an adjunct to other purgatives. 

Dose. gss. to gij alone, or dissolved in fluid pur- 
gatives. 
M All ANT A. Arrowroot. (A. arundinaeea.) 

When boiled with water or milk, it forms a mild, 

nutritious article of food, well adapted for infants 

and convalescents; a tablespoonful into Oj of water. 

MARRUBIUM. White Ilorehound. (M vulgare.) 

Tonic, diuretic, laxative, emmenagogue. 

Use. In hysteria, chronic catarrh, and pituitous 
asthma; obstruction of the catamenia; seldom used. 

Dose. In powder ^ss. to 3J ; of the expressed juice, 
fgss. to fgjss. ; or of this infusion (Marrub. Fol. 



120 MEL 

gss., Aquae Ferv. Oj) a large glassful twice or 
thrice a day. 
MASTICHE. Mastich (resinous tears of Pistacia). 
Use. Formerly in place of turpentine ; now chiefly 
in ethereal solution, to stop carious teeth. 
MATRICARIA. German Chamomile (flowers of M. 
Cham.). 

Similar to chamomile in effects. 
MATICO. {Piper angustifolium) . 

Aromatic, tonic, stimulant, styptic. 
Dose. gss. to gij, three times a clay. 
MEL. Honey. 

Aperient, externally detergent; stimulant. 
Use. Seldom used internally as a medicine ; but 
when freely eaten is apt to produce colic; exter- 
nally as an adjunct to gargles in cynanche tonsil- 
laris ; in aphthae; sometimes applied to foul ulcers. 
MEL DESPUMATUM. Prepared Honey. (Take 
of Clarified Honey Oss., Diluted Alcohol Oj, Pre- 
pared Chalk ^ss. Having mixed the honey and 
diluted alcohol, add the prepared chalk, and allow 
the mixture to stand for two hours, occasionally 
stirring it. Then heat it to ebullition, filter, and 
by means of a water-bath evaporate the clear liquor, 
so that when cold it may have the specific gravity 
1.32.) 
MEL EOS M. Rose Honey. (Rosae Gallicae Exsiccat. 
gij, Aquas Ferv. Oss., Mellis Despum Oij. Infuse 
the roses six hours ; add the strained liquor to the 
honey, and evaporate to a proper consistence in a 
water-bath.) 

Astringent, detergent. 

Use. Chiefly in gargles, in ulceration, and inflam- 
mation of the mouth and fauces (R. Mellis Rosae 
gj, Acidi Hydrochlorici tr^xxx, Aquae fgvj ; forms 



MEZ 121 

a good detergent in aphtha gangrenosa ; as a vehicle 
for other remedies in infantile diseases). 
MELISSA. Balm. (M. officinalis.) 

Stomachic, diuretic. 

Use. Made into tea ; it is used as a diluent in feb- 
rile diseases, seldom used in substance. 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to Qij. 
MENTHA PIPERITA. "Peppermint. 

Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. Vide under Oleum Menthse Piperitse. 

Dose. Grs. x to 3] ; scarcely ever in substance. 
MENTHA VIRID1S. Spearmint. 

Stomachic, carminative. 

Use. Vide under Oleum Mentha Yiridis. An in- 
fusion of it is a good diluent in febrile diseases. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj ; scarcely ever used in sub- 
stance. 
MENYANTHES. Buck Bean. (M, trifoliata.) 

Tonic, diuretic, purgative; in large doses emetic. 

Use. In intermittents, arthritic and chronic rheu- 
matic affections, and in cachectic and herpetic dis- 
eases. 

Dose. 9j to 3J of the dried powdered leaves ; fgj 
to f^jss. of the infusion. (Menyanth. fol. sic. ,^ss., 
Aquae 0?s.) 
MEZEREUM. Mezereon Bark. (Daphne mezereum.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, in large doses emetic. 

Use. In venereal diseases, but its efficacy is doubt- 
ful. It is sometimes useful in the sequelae of syph- 
ilis ; in chronic rheumatism, lepra, and scrofulous 
swellings ; and chewing frequently thin slices of the 
recent root, has been found useful in palsy of the 
tongue ; externally, the fresh bark, soaked in vine- 
gar, is useful for keeping open issues. 

Dose. Of the powder gr. j, gradually increased to 
grs. x. 



122 MIS 

MISTURA AMMONIACI. Mixture of Ammoniac. 
(Ammoniaci £v, Aqua3 Oj. Rub the ammoniacum, 
adding the water gradually, until they are perfectly 
mixed.) 

Use. The same as of the ammoniacum. 

Dose. f§ss. to fgj united with ipecacuanha, tinc- 
ture of squills, &c. 

Incomp. Bichloride of mercury, acetate of potassa, 
oxymel, ether, spirit of nitric ether. 
MISTURA AMYGDALAE. Almond Mixture. (Con- 
fectionis Amygdalae §ijss., Aq. Destillatae Oj. Rub 
together, adding the water by degrees, and strain.) 
Or, take of Sweet almonds gss ., powdered Gum 
Arabic gss., Sugar gij , Distilled Water, gviij. Mace- 
rate the Almonds in water, and having removed 
their external coat, beat them with the gum arabic 
and sugar, in a marble mortar, till they are thor- 
oughly mixed ; then rub the mixture with the dis- 
tilled water gradually added, and strain. 

Demulcent, cooling ; if the bitter almond be used, 
sedative. 

Use. In catarrh, gonorrhoea, strangury, hectic 
fever. 

Dose. f^ss. to Oss., ad libitum. 

Incomp. Acids, and all acidulous salts, spirit, tinc- 
tures, spirits of nitric ether, and common pump 
water. 
MISTURA ASSAFGETID^E. Mixture of Assafoet- 
ida. (Assafoetidse gv, Aquae Oj. Rub together, add- 
ing the water by degrees.) 

The same as of the gum resin. 

Use. In hysteria ; and in spasmodic and convul- 
sive affections, when pills cannot be swallowed. As 
a clyster in the irritations of the bowels which oc- 
cur during dentition, and those produced by ascar- 
ides and in ischuria. 



MIS 123 

Dose, f^j to f§ss. frequently repeated during a 

paroxysm of hvsteria, or the continuance of spasm. 

MISTUKA CRETJE Chalk Mixture. (Cretse p. 

gss., Sacchari pur. giij, Mist. Acacia f^jss., Aquae 

Cinnamomi f^xviij. Mix.) 

Antacid, absorbent. 

Use. In acidities of the stomach, particularly 
those attending* dentition, provided the bowels be 
kept open ; in diarrhoeas, united with opium and 
catechu. 

Dose, f!|j to fgij every three or four hours, or 
after every liquid motion. 
MISTUKA FERKI COMPOSITA. Compound Mix- 
ture of Iron. (Myrrhae cont. gij, Potassas Carb. 
£j, Aq. Rosas fgxviij, Ferri Sulph. cont. Qijss., 
Spir. Myristicas 11; j, Sacch. pur. ^ij. Rub together 
the myrrh, carbonate of potassa, and sugar ; then 
add, while triturating, the rose-water, the spirit of 
nutmeg, and lastly, the sulphate of iron. Pour 
the mixture directly into a glass bottle, and stop it 
close.) 

Tonic, emmenagogue. 

Use In all cases in which preparations of iron 
are useful ; particularly in hysteria and chlorosis, 
depending on weak arterial action, after unloading 
the stomach and bowels. 

Dose. fj|j to fgij twice or three times a day. 

Incomp. Acids, vegetable astringents. 
MISTURA GLYCYRRHIZJE COMPOSITA. 
Brown Mixture. (Liquorice, Gum Arabic, and 
Sugar, aa §ss., Water f^xij, rubbed together ; add 
Tinct. OpiiCamph. f 5ij, Yin. Antim. f 5j, Sp. Eth. 
Nit. fgss ) 

Demulcent, narcotic, expectorant. 

Use. A popular cough mixture. 

Dose. A tablespoonl'ul, p. r. n. 



124 MUC 

MONARDA. Horsemint. (M. punctata.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and sick stomach. 
MOEPHIA. Morphia. 

Narcotic, excitant. 

Use. Chiefly to prepare the more soluble salts. 
Dissolved in oil, and rubbed upon the skin, it pro- 
duces narcotic effects. 
MORPHINE ACETAS. Acetate of Morphia. 

Narcotic. 

Dose. From J of grain to gr. \ : endermically, 
gr. ss. to grs. iij to the skin, where the cuticle has 
been removed by a blister. 
MORPHINE MURIAS. Muriate of Morphia. 

As a narcotic, it is preferable to the acetate. 

Dose. Gr. i 
MORPHINE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Morphia. 

Powerfully narcotic and sedative. 

Use. In all cases requiring the use of opium. 

Dose. From gr. -J to gr. ^. 

*#* It is distinguished from sulphate of quinia, 
which it resembles, by becoming red when treated 
with concentrated nitric acid. 
MOSCHUS. Musk. 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, diaphoretic. 

Use. In spasmodic affections, as hysteria, sin- 
gultus, pertussis, trismus, and epilepsy. In typhus 
attended with subsultus tendinum; in cholera it 
checks the vomiting ; and it arrests the progress of 
gangrene. It raises the pulse and excites the ner- 
vous system without heating. 

Dose. Grs. ij to gss., every three or four hours. 
MUCILAGO ACACI^E. Mucilage of Gum Arabic. 
(giv of Pulv. Acacia to Oss. Boiling Water) gss. of 
gum in each fg-fgss. sufficient for a gvj or §viij 
mixture. 



NAP 125 

MUCILAGO TKAGACANTELE. Mucilage of 
Tragacanth. (Gummi Astragali Tragacanthaa Triti 
^ij, Aq. Bull, fgviij. Macerate for twenty-four 
hours, then triturate till the gum is dissolved, and 
press through linen cloth.) 

Use. In pharmaceutical purposes. 
MUCUNA. Cowhage. (if. pruriens.) 
Vermifuge. 

Dose. Mixed with molasses, a teaspoonful to a 
tablespoonful every morning for three days, fol- 
lowed by a cathartic. 
MYRISTICA. Nutmegs, Mace, and the Essential 
Oil. (M. moschata.) 

Stimulant, stomachic, narcotic in large doses. 
Use. To relieve nausea and vomiting, and to 
check diarrhoea ; but chiefly to give flavor to other 
remedies. Being narcotic, they are hurtful in apo- 
plectic and paralytic habits. 

Dose. Of the nutmeg and mace, grs. v to 9J J °f 
the oil, n^ij to tt^vj. 
MYRRH A Myrrh. (Balsamodendron myrrha.) 
Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. In cachectic complaints, humoral asthma, 
chronic catarrh and phthisis pulmonalis, unattended 
by hectic or much active inflammation. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj in powder, united with, nitre, 
camphor, sulphate of potassa, sulphate of zinc, or 
of iron. 
NAPHTHA. Petroleum. 

Use. A stimulating antispasmodic and sudorific, 
given in disorders of the chest, especially in the 
West Indies ; for the tapeworm in Germany, by 
mixing one part petroleum with one and a half 
parts Tinct. Assafcetida, of which 40 drops are given 
three times a day. Latterly recommended highly 



126 OLE 

in the cure of consumption. Also in cutaneous dis- 
eases. 

Dose. Mix J}j naphtha, suspended by a small 
quantity of boiling alcohol, in ^iv simple syrup, 
and give a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes till ex- 
pectoration is fully established. Mix Qiij naphtha 
with 9 xxx lard, and apply in tinea, psoriasis, &c. 

British oil is made by mixing the following in- 
gredients: R. Olei Terebinth, fgviij, Olei Lini 
fgviij, Olei Succini f^iv, Olei Juniperi f^iv, Pe- 
trolei Barbadens f^iij, Petrolei Americana (Seneca 
Oil) gj. Mix. 
N UX VOMICA. Vide Strychnos. 
OLEUM AMYGDALAE. Oil of Almonds. (Ex- 
pressed from both sweet and bitter almonds.) ^xvj 
of almonds yield ^v of oil. 

Demulcent, emollient. 

Use. In catarrh and coughs, united with water 
by means of mucilage and sugar, or a few drops of 
liquor ammonias. An injection composed of oil of 
almonds fgiv, and solution of subacetate of lead 
Ttjjviij is said to be useful at the commencement of 
gonorrhoea. 

Dose. fgss. to f^j, Oil of Bitter Almonds \ of a 
drop to a drop, on account of the hydrocyanic acid 
it contains. 
OLEUM ANISI. Oil of Anise. 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic. 

Dose, w^v to t^xv, rubbed up with sugar and 
camphor mixture. 
OLE (JM ^ETHEREUM. Ethereal Oil. Heavy oil 
of wine. 

An ingredient of Hoffman's anodyne. 
OLEUM CAJUPUTI. Oil of Cajuput. 

Powerfully stimulant. 



I 



OLE 127 

Use. In epilepsy, palsy, chronic rheumatism, 
spasmodic affections of the stomach and bowels, 
cholera. 

Mixed with Olive oil, it is used externally in gout 
and rheumatism ; also for toothache. 

Dose. One to five drops in emulsion or on sugar. 
OLEUM CAKUI. Oil of Caraway. 
Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In flatulent colic, and as an adjunct to pur- 
gative pills. 

Dose, n^j to t^x. 
OLEUM C AKYOPHYLLI. Oil of Cloves. 
Use. The same as cloves. 
Dose. Trj2j to Trgiv. 
OLE UM CHENOPODII. Oil of Wormseed. 
Anthelmintic. 

Dose. Four to eight drops for a child, repeated 
morning and evening for three or four days, and 
then followed by a brisk cathartic. 
OLEUM CINNAMOML Oil of Cinnamon. 
Powerfully stimulant, stomachic. 
Dose, try to trj^iij on sugar. 
OLEUM COPAIBJE. 

Dose. Ten or fifteen drops in emulsion. 
OLEUM CUBEB^E. Oil of Cubebs. 
Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. The same as the cubebs ; but less efficacious 
in gonorrhoea. 
OLEUM FCENICULI. Oil of Fennel Seeds. 
Use. The same as of the seeds. 
Dose. Ti^ij to ii£xx. 
OLEUM GAULTHEEI^E. Oil of Partridge Berry. 

Use. To cover the taste of other medicines. 
OLEUM HEJDEOM^E. Oil of Pennyroyal. 

Use. As a stimulant in flatulent colic and sick 
stomach, and to impart flavor to mixtures. 



128 OLE 

Dose. Two to ten drops. 
OLEUM JUNIPERI. Oil of Juniper. 

Stimulant, carminative, diaphoretic, diuretic. 
Use. In dropsies ; advantageously added to digi- 
talis when it is given in the form of pills. 

Dose, n^ij to n^x or more, rubbed up with sugar 
or mucilage and water. 
OLEUM LAVANDULAE. Oil of Lavender. 
Stimulant. 

Use. In hysteria and nervous headache. 
Dose, ^j to n^v on a lump of sugar. 
OLEUM LIN I. Linseed Oil. 

Demulcent, emollient, laxative. 
Use. It has been given with advantage in ileus, 
when purgatives have failed; but it is chiefly used 
in the form of clyster, in flatulent colic attended 
with costiveness ; and in abrasions of the rectum ; 
externally in burns and wounds. 

Dose. fgss. to fgj ; in clysters, f^iij to f^vj. 
OLEUM MENTHA PIPERITA. Oil of Pepper- 
mint. 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, carminative. 
Use. In cramp of the stomach and flatulent colic. 
Dose, tr^j to t^iij. rubbed up with sugar or mu- 
cilage. 
OLEUM MENTHJ] VIRIDIS. Oil of Spearmint. 
Stimulant, carminative. 
Use. In flatulence or anorexia. 
Dose. n£j to n^v, on a lump of sugar. 
OLEUM MONARD^E. Oil of Horsemint. 

Use. A powerful rubefacient ; also a stimulant 
and carminative. 
OLEUM MORRHU^E. Cod-liver Oil. (A fish oil 
obtained from several fishes belonging to the genus 
Gadus, by exposing to the sun the livers, cut in 
slices, and collecting the oil that runs out. That 



OLE 129 

which runs out first resembles olive oil, and is 
called yellow cod-liver oil. If the livers are in a 
state of putrefaction, the oil becomes of a chestnut- 
brown color.) 

Diuretic, alterative, slightly diaphoretic. 

Use. Used extensively in scrofula, rickets, rheu- 
matism, chronic cutaneous diseases, chorea, tuber- 
cles, atrophy. A fashionable remedy of late in in- 
cipient phthisis. Its chief virtue is probably owing 
to its nutritive properties. 

Dose, gij to giv, two or three times a day; to 
children £j, with lemon syrup, coffee, or sugar and 
water. Externally in cases of ulcer, fistula, &c. 
OLEUM MYRISTICJS. Oil of Nutmeg. 
OLEUM OLIVA Olive Oil. 

Demulcent, emollient, gently laxative. 

Use. In catarrhs and pulmonary complaints; in 
emulsion with mucilage; in a simple state when 
acrid matters are taken into the stomach ; exter- 
nally it has been advantageously used as a friction 
in plague; as an injection in gonorrhoea; an ad- 
junct to clysters in dysentery and abrasions, and in 
the formation of ointments and plasters. 

Dose, fgj to fgjj triturated with mucilage or 
mixed with water by means of a few drops of 
liquor potassa? or liquor ammonias. 
OLEUM ORIGANI. Oil of Origanum. 

Stimulant, narcotic. 

Use. Scarcely ever given internally ; a drop of it 
put into a carious tooth relieves the pain of tooth- 
ache. 
OLEUM PIMENT.E. Oil of Pimento. 

Stimulant. 

Use. In debilities of the stomach, colic, and tym- 
panitis. 

Dose, rrj^ilj to tr^v, rubbed with sugar. 



130 OLE 

OLEUM EICINI. Castor Oil. (Bruise the castor 
seeds, previously decorticated ; then express the oil 
without the application of heat.) §xiv of the seeds 
yield about f^iij of oil. 

Purgative. 

Use. In all cases where stimulant purgatives 
would be hurtful ; particularly in dysentery, colica 
pictonum ; calculous complaints and ileus; and as 
it operates very quickly, in spasmodic affections. 
It is an excellent purge at all times for children, 
women in childbed, and after surgical operations 
in which the viscera are at all concerned. It is 
also a good adjunct to clysters. 

Dose. fjfss. to f^iss., either floated on a little 
water, and covered with a small quantity of brandy, 
or in the following draught: R. Olei Ricini f^ss., 
Mucilaginis q. s. tere optime, et paullatim adde, 
Aquae Destillatse fgj, Spir. Lavandulae Comp. tt^xx, 
Syr. Tolutani fjjss. Misce. 
OLEUxM ROSMARINA. Oil of Rosemary. 

Stimulant. 

Use. In nervous complaints. 

Dose. Tr^ij to ft^vj, rubbed up with sugar. 
OLEUM SABIN^E. Oil of Savine. 

Stimulant, emmenagogue ; externally vesicant. 

Use. In the same cases for which the plant is 
employed. 

Dose, rr^ij to tt^vj. 
OLEUM SASSAFRAS. Oil of Sassafras. 

Stimulant, sudorific, diuretic. 

Use. In scorbutus, chronic rheumatism, cutane- 
ous diseases. An external application (gj to gj 01. 
Oliv.), useful in indurated mammae of parturient 
women. 

Dose, n^ij to rrgx, rubbed with sugar. 
OLEUM SUCCLNI. Oil of Amber. 



OLE 131 

Stimulant, antispasmodic, diuretic, rubefacient. 

Use. In. hysteria, epilepsy, and deficient men- 
struation ; externally in paralysis, and chronic 
rheumatism of the joints. The following is recom- 
mended as a friction in tic douloureux: R. 01. 
Succini fgj, Tinct. Opii fgss. Misce. 

Dose, ti^v to Ti^xij, rubbed up with mucilage. 
OLEUM SUCCINI 0X1DATUM. Oxidated Oil 
of Amber. (Olei Succini fgj, Acidi Nitrici fgiijss. 
Put the oil of amber in a glass vessel, and gradu- 
ally drop the acid into it, at the same time stirring 
the mixture with a glass rod. Let it stand for 
thirty-six hours, then separate the supernatant re- 
sinous matter from the acid fluid beneath, and wash 
it repeatedly, first with cold, and lastly with hot 
water, till the acid taste be removed.) 

Use. Kecommended as a substitute for musk, to 
which it is analogous in its properties. 
OLEUM TEKEBMTHINJE. Oil of Turpentine. 

Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific, anthelmintic, ru- 
befacient. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, lumbago, and sci- 
atica; and in passive uterine hemorrhages ; dropped 
into the ear in deafness from defect of wax ; applied 
to indolent tumors ; and in embrocation in rheuma- 
tism and bruises. It is given in very large doses, 
alone, or united with honey, against the taania so- 
lium, which it brings away entire, dead, after two 
or three doses. 

Dose, n^x to f^j in the first cases ; but for the 
expulsion of taenia fiss. to flij. 
OLEUM TIGLII. Croton Oil. 

A powerful hydragogue purgative, acting gener- 
ally in moderate doses without pain, but in large 
do*es excites vomiting and severe griping pain. A 



J32 OPI 

drop placed on the tongue, in a comatose state, will 
usually operate. 

Use. In constipation and torpor of the intestines ; 
in dropsy, apoplexy, mania, coma, inflammation 
of the brain, hydrocephalus, and whenever power- 
ful revulsion from the head is indicated. Exter- 
nally, as a revellent, or counter-irritant, producing 
a pustular eruption in twelve hours after the first 
friction; in rheumatism and gout, phthisical affec- 
tions, incipient phthisis, and in the neuroses, as 
palsy, whooping-cough, spasmodic asthma. 

Dose. ■$■ to \ and J drop every two or three hours, 
in emulsion or pill. Externally, four to six drops 
may be rubbed in twice a day. If the skin be very 
sensitive, mix it with an equal portion of some fixed 
or volatile oil. 
OLEUM VALEKIAN^E. Oil of Yalerian. 

Dose. Four or five drops. 
ONION. Garden Onion. {Allium Cepa.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, expectorant, rubefacient. 

Dose. A teaspoonful of juice, with sugar, in non- 
inflammatory catarrhs of children. 
OPIUM. Opium. 

Stimulant in small doses, but in larger narcotic, 
antispasmodic, diaphoretic, sedative, anodyne; ex- 
ternally, its stimulant effects are considerable, but 
soon followed by its narcotic. 

Use. In all painful affections, where the inflam- 
matory diathesis is not very considerable ; in diar- 
rhoea and dysentery ; intermittents ; in typhus, in 
smaller doses as a cordial, in larger to allay irrita- 
tion and produce sleep; cholera and pyrosis; in 
rheumatism when inflammatory fever is not pres- 
ent ; retrocedent gout ; and in convulsive and spas- 
modic diseases. When combined with calomel, in 
inflammation, after bloodletting, and in syphilis, 



OP I 133 

as well as to arrest the progress of gangrene. It is 
employed in a watery solution, containing gr. ij in 
fgj of water, as an injection in gonorrhoea and spas- 
modic stricture, as an adjunct to clysters in diar- 
rhoea ; and by friction, united with oil in tetanus 
and other spasms. 

Dose. Gr. \ to gr. ss., to produce its stimulant 
effects ; gr. j togrs. ij, is narcotic ; hut in spasmodic 
complaints it has been given to a very great extent. 

Incomp. Lime-water, alkaline carbonates, bichlo- 
ride of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates of zinc, 
copper, and iron, infusion of yellow bark, astringent 
infusions and decoctions, solutions of catechu and 
of kino ; acetates of lead. 

*#* When opium has been taken as a poison, the 
stomach should be first evacuated by the stomach- 
pump, worked with infusion of yellow bark, or by 
emetics containing very little water, and, after the 
whole of the opium has been evacuated, aromatic 
stimulants given, and mustard cataplasms applied 
externally. 

As the dose of opium varies much, according to 
circumstances, and as the quantities vary in phar- 
maceutical preparations, we have thought it advisa- 
ble to insert the following table of proportions for 
reference : 

Opium. Dose. J of a grain to 2 grs. or more. 

Acetiim Opii (Black drop) contains 1 gr. Opium 
to n^vii. 

Confeetio Opii contains 1 gr. Opium in grs. xxxvi. 

Morphia. l-6th of a gr. equivalent to gr. j Opium. 

Morphia Acetas. l-6th of a grain equivalent to 
gr. j Opium. 

Liquor Morphice Acetatis. l-6th gr. Morphia in tr^v. 

Morphice Marias. Same as Morphia. 

Morphia? Sulphas. Same as Morphia. 



134 PAP 

Pilulce Calomelanos et Opii, 1 gr. Opium to iij grs. 
Calomel. 

Pilulce Opii. 1 gr. Opium in each pill. 

Pilulce Plumbi Opiatce. One-half gr. Opium in each. 

Pilulce Saponis Compositce. 1 gr. Opium in grs. v. 

Pulvis Ipecacuanhce et Opii. 1 gr. Opium in grs. x. 

Tinctura Opii (Laudanum). 1 gr. Opium in n^xix. 

Tinctura Opii Camphorata (Paregoric). 1 gr. 
Opium in fgss. 

Tinctura Opii Acetata. 1 gr. Opium in n^xx. 

Trochisci Glycyrrhiza et Opii. One-tenth gr. in 
each. 

Vinum Opii. Same as Tincture. 
ORIGANUM. Common Marjoram. (0. vulgare.) 

Tonic, stomachic, emmenagogue? 

Use. In debilities of the stomach : scarcely ever 
used. 

Dose. Grs. x to J}j in powder. 
OROBANCHE VIRGINIANA. Beech drops. Can- 
cer-root. 

A parasite on the root of the beech. Astringent. 
OXYMEL SCILL^G. Oxymel of Squill. (Meld 
lb. iij, Aceti Scillse Oij. Evaporate in a glass vessel, 
over a sand-bath, to a proper consistence.) The 
boiling is hurtful, destroying the acrimony on 
which the virtue of the squill depends. 

Expectorant, diuretic, aperient ; in large doses 
emetic. 

Use. In humoral asthma, chronic coughs, dropsy; 
to excite vomiting in pertussis. 

Dose. fgss. to f^ij in cinnamon water, or any 
other aromatic water. 
PANAX. Ginseng. Root of P. quinquefolium. 

Demulcent. The Chinese panacea. 
PAPAYER. White Poppy Capsules. (P. somnife- 
rum.) 



P I L 135 

Relaxant, anodyne. 

Use. Externallyas a fomentation (giv of the dried 
heads being bruised and boiled in Oiv of water to 
Oij), to inflamed or ulcerated parts. The addition 
of a little distilled vinegar aids the narcotic power 
of the decoction. 
PAREIRA. (Pareira brava.) 

Tonic, aperient, diuretic. 

Use. In irritable bladder. 

Dose. Grs. xxx to ^j. 

Tincture (one part to five of alcohol) f^j. 
PETROSELINU3L Parsley Root. (P. sativum.) 

Aperient, diuretic. 

Use. In nephritic and dropsical affections ; given 
in infusion. 
PHOSPHAS SOD^E. Phosphate of Soda. 

Purgative. 

Use. In all cases where the bowels require to be 
opened. When dissolved in broth made without 
salt, the taste of the phosphate is not perceived. 

Dose. 3J to 3ij. 

hicomp. Alum, chalk, and all salts with an earthy 
base. 
PHYTOLACCA BACCJGET RADIX. Poke Ber- 
ries. Poke Root. (P. decandra.) 

Emetic, purgative, alterative, and narcotic. A 
narcotico-acrid poison. 

Use. The juice, evaporated to an extract, is em- 
ployed as an escharotic by cancer doctors. As an 
alterative in small doses in chronic rheumatism. 
As an ointment in psora, tinea capitis, and other 
cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. As an emetic, from grs. x to grs. xxx. As 
an alterative, from gr. j to grs. v. 
PILULJE ALOES. Aloetic Pills. (Aloes Soco- 
trinae, Saponis sing, partes sequales, q. s.) 



136 P I L 

PILULJE ALOES COMPOSITE. Compound 
Aloetic Pills. (Aloes contrite lb. j, Ext. Gentians 
§ss : , Olei Carui ttj^xI, Syr. q. s.) 

Dose. Grs. v to xx. 
PILUL^E ALOES CUM ZINGIBERE. Pills of 
Aloes and Ginger. (Aloes Hepat. gj, Had. Zingib. 
in Pulv. tritse gj, Saponis Hispanici Jss., 01. Essent. 
Menthse Pip £ss.) 

In their operation these three are alike, warm, 
stomachic, purgative. 

Use. In habitual costiveness. 

Dose. Grs. x to J^j, made into pills. 
PILULE ALOES ET MYRRHS. Aloetic Pills 
with Myrrh. (Aloes gij, Croci Stigmatum, Myr- 
rhse sing. gj, Syr. q s.) 

Cathartic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In chlorotic, hypochondriacal, and cachectic 
habits, to stimulate and open the bowels. 

Dose. Grs. x to J)j made into pills. 
PILULJ3 ALOES ET ASSAFGETIDJE. Aloetic 
and Assafoetida Pills. (Aloes Socotr., Conf. Rosse, 
Assafoetidse, Saponis, sing, partes sequales, q. s.) 

Purgative, stomachic, anodyne. 

Use. In dyspepsia attended with flatulence and 
costiveness; hysteria; amenorrhea. 

Dose. Grs. x in pills twice a day, or at bedtime. 
PILULJE ALOES ET FEKRI. Pills of Aloes and 
Iron. (Sulph. Ferri grs. xxxvj, Aloes Barb. grs. 
xxiv, Pulv. Aromat. grs. lxx, Conf. Rosae q. s. Ft. 
Pilulae xlviij.) 

Use. An excellent combination of a tonic and 
purgative. 1-3 pills. 
PILULE ASSAFCETID^E. Compound Pills of 
Assafoetida (Assafoetida, Galbani, Myrrhae, sing. 
Jiij, Conf. Rosae, q. s.) 



PIL 137 

Use. In hysteria and other nervous affections. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. x. 
PILULE CALOMELANOS ET OPII. Pills of 
Calomel and Opium. (Calomel grs. xxiv. Opium 
grs. viij, Conserve of Koses, a quantity sufficient to 
make a mass to be divided into twelve pills.) 

Use. For rapidly bringing the habit under mer- 
curial influence. 
PILULES CATHARTICS COMPOSITE. Com- 
pound Cathartic Pills. (Take of Comp. Extract of 
Colocynth ^ss., Ext. Jalap. Calomel., aa^iij, Gam- 
boge £)ij. *M., ft. pil. No. 180.) 

Use. In constipation and hepatic congestion. A 
most useful pill. 

Dose. 3 pills. 
PILULE COPAIB^E. Pills of Copaiba. (R. Co- 
paiba gij, Magnesia gj. Mix, and set aside until it 
concretes into a mass, which is to be divided into 
200 pills.) 

Use. In Gonorrhoea and affections of the mucous 
membrane. 2-6 pills. 
PILULE DIGITALIS ET SCILL^E. Pills of 
Foxglove and Squill. (Digitalis, Squill, of each Qj. 
Aromatic Electuary ^ij. Make into xx pills.) 

Diuretic. 

Use. In dropsy. 1 or 2 pills. 
PILULE FERKI CARBONATIS. Vallet's Iron 
Pills. 

Use. In chlorosis, &c. 

Dose. 10 to 30 grs. in 24 hours. 
PILUL^E FERKI COMPOSITE. Compound Pills 
of Iron. (Myrrhae cont. gij, Sodse Carbon. Ferri 
Sulphatis, Saccb. sing, gj.) 

Tonic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In dyspepsia and chlorosis. 

Dose. Gr. x to £)j in pills, twice or thrice a day. 



PIL 

PILULE FEKRI IODIDI. Pill? of Iodide of I ron 
(Sulphate of Iron gj, Iodid. Potas. ^iv, Tragacantlj 
10 gr., Sugar jss. Mix with Syrup. Form 40 pills.) 
tains about \ gr. iodide of iron. 
PILUL-E HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDI MITIS. 
Calomel Pill?. (Calomel 5??., Gum Arabic gj, Syrup 
q. ?. Make 240 pills.) 1 gr. Calomel in each pill. 
PILULE OPII. Opium Pills. (Opium powder gj, 
12 gr. Make 60 pills.) 
. contain? 1 £r Opium. 
PILULjB FERRI SULPHATIS. Pills of Sul- 
phate of Iron. (Sulph. of Iron gr. xxiv, Ext. of 
Taraxacum 5J, Cons, of Roses grs. xxiv. Make 
into 24 pills.; 

As a tonic, in dyspepsia connected with a 
torpid state of the liver. 
PILUL.E G ALB AN I COMPOSITE. Compound 
Galbanum Pill?. (Galbani §j, Myrrhae, Sagapenii, 
sing, 3iss a] Assafoetida jiv, Syrupi q. s.) 

E to these forms of pills operate as antispas- 
modic and emmenagogues. 

Use. In chlorosis, hysteria, and hypochondriasis. 
D se. Gr. z to Jj made into pills, every night at 
bedtime. 
PILULJE HYDRARGYRI. Mercurial Pills. (Hy- 
drarg. Pur. jij, Confect. Rosa? Gallica? # ^iij, Glycyr- 
rhiza? Rad. cont. gj. Rub the quicksilver with the 
confection until the globules disappear; then add 
the liquorice-root powder, and beat the whole into 
a uniform mass.) 

A ntisy phi li tic, alterative; in large doses purga- 
tive. 

Use. In syphilis, perhaps the best form of the 
remedy; in some cutaneous diseases and intermit- 
tent?, attended with visceral and lymphatic obstruc- 
tions ; to purge in jaundice, dropsies, and ileus. 



PIP 139 

Dose. For the former objects, gr. v to gr. x twice 
a day, united with opium, if the bowels are easily 
affected ; for the latter, grs. xij to Qj every three 
or four hours. 
PILULE QUINIJE STJLPHATIS. (Pills of Sul- 
phate of Quinine. R. Sulph. Quin. ^j, Gum Arabic 
jfij, Syrup q. s. M., ft. 480 pills.) 
PILULE KHEI. Rhubarb Pills. (Rhubarb in 
powder ^ij, Acetate of Potassa gj, Cons, of Roses 
£ss. Make into 44 pills.) 
Use. A moderate purgative. 
PILULE RHEI COMPOSITE. Compound Rhu- 
barb Pills. (Rhei in pulv. tritae gj, Aloes gvj, 
Myrrhse giv, Saponis ^j, 01. Carui gss., Syrupi q. s. 
Beat them into a mass.) 
Laxative, stomachic. 

Use. In dyspepsia attended with costiveness. 
Dose. Gr. x to h)j twice a day. 
PILULE SAPONIS COMPOSITE. Compound 
Pills of Soap. (Opii duri contriti ^iv, Saponis 
^iij.) Gr. v contain gr. j of opium. 
PILULJE SCILLJE COMPOSITE. Compound 
Squill Pills. (Scilla3 Recent. exsiccatae et cont. £j, 
Zingiberis contritre gij, Saponis ^iij, Ammoniaci 
contriti gij, Syr. q. s. Form a mass.) 
Expectorant, diuretic. 

Use. In asthma and chronic catarrh ; as an ad- 
junct to digitalis in hydrothorax and other dropsies. 
Dose. Gr. x to Qj twice or thrice a day. 
PIMENTA. Pimenta Berries. (Myrtus Pimenta.) 
Stimulant, carminative. 

Use Chiefly as a condiment, and as an adjunct 
to other medicines. 
Dose. Gr. v to "$\]. 
PIPER LONGUM. Long pepper. Similar to Black 
Pepper. 



140 PLU 

PIPER NIGRUM. Black Pepper. 

Tonic, antiperiodic, stimulant, carminative. 

Use. To check nausea in gouty- habits ; remove 
hiccough; and increase excitement in palsy. Steeped 
in rum it cures ague. A watery infusion of pepper 
has been found a useful gargle in relaxation of the 
uvula. 

Dose. Gr. x to Qj, variously combined. 
PIX. Pitch. 

Stimulant, tonic. 

Use. In cutaneous diseases and piles. 

Dose. 10 gr. to ^j in pills ; externally as ointment. 
PIX BURGUNDlOA. Burgundy Pitch. 

External rubefacient. 
PIX CANADENSIS. Hemlock Pitch. 

As a gentle rubefacient, analogous to Burgundy 
pitch, and employed in the same cases. 
PIXLIQUIDA. Tar. 

Stimulant, diuretic, sudorific; externally deter- 
gent. 

Use. Internally in ichthyosis ; externally it is 
applied to foul ulcers, and tinea capitis. 
PLANTAGO MAJOR. Plantain. 

Refrigerant, diuretic, but feeble. 

Used domestically as a dressing for sores. 
PLUMBI ACETAS. Acetate of Lead. 

Astringent in weak solutions, cooling and seda- 
tive ; in strong (gj to water f^vj) stimulant. 

Use. Internally- in visceral hemorrhages washed 
down with water acidulated with distilled vinegar, 
which seems to prevent its deleterious effects. Ex- 
ternally, in solution in phlegmonous inflammations, 
burns, bruises, gonorrhoea, &c. 

Dose. Gr. ss. to grs. jss., made into a pill with gr. 
ss. of opium, and crumb of bread. Distilled water 






POT 141 

must be used for the solution, and a little acetic 
acid added. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, acids, alum; borax, 
soaps, tartarized iron and antimony ; lime-water, 
hard water, sulphuretted hydrogen. 
PLTJMBI CAKBONAS. Carbonate of Lead. 

Astringent, sedative. 

Use. Sprinkled on parts affected with local in- 
flammation; in the formation of ointments and 
plasters. 
PODOPHYLLUM PELTATUM. May Apple. 
Mandrake. 

An active and certain cathartic, producing copi- 
ous liquid discharges, resembling jalap. 

Use. In most inflammatory affections, where brisk 
purging is indicated; and also in bilious fevers and 
hepatic congestions; also in dropsical, rheumatic, 
and scrofulous complaints, in combination with su- 
pertartrate of potassa. A substitute for calomel. 

Dose. Of the powdered root, gr. xx. It is also 
used in the form of an extract. 
POLYGALA KUBELLA. Bitter Polygala. 

Tonic, laxative, and diaphoretic, according to the 
dose. 

Use. To impart tone to the digestive organs, in 
the form of infusion. 
POLYGONUM PUNCTATUM. Water Pepper. 

Stimulant, diuretic, emmenagogue, vesicant. 

Dose. Fluid extract 10 to 60 drops. 
POPULUS TREMULOIDES. American Poplar. 

Tonic, diuretic, febrifuge. 

Used in intermittents. 

Dose. 4 to 8 gr. of populin. The buds of P. bal- 
samifera are often steeped in spirits and applied to 
bruises, &c. They are balsamic. 
POTASSA. Fused Potassa. (Prepared by evapo- 



142 POT 

rating the solution of potassa to dryness, in an iron 
vessel.) 

Powerfully escharotic. 

Use. For forming issues. It has also been used 
to remove strictures. 
POTASSA CUM CALCE. Potassa with Lime. 
Vienna Caustic. Equal parts of potassa and lime 
rubbed together — prepared for use by being made 
into paste with a little alcohol. 

A milder and more manageable caustic than po- 
tassa. 
POTASS M ACETAS. Acetate of Potassa. 

Mildly cathartic, diuretic. 

Use. In febrile diseases, dropsies, icterus, and 
visceral obstructions. 

Dose. 9j to 3J, as diuretic; gij to ^iij open the 
bowels. 

Incomp. Mineral acids, decoction of tamarinds, 

bichloride of mercury, nitrate of silver, sulphates 

of soda and of magnesia, hydrochlorate of ammonia, 

tartrate of potassa. 

POTASS^EBICAEBONAS. Bicarbonate of Potassa. 

Use. The same as that of the carbonate, but it is 
less acrid. 
POTASS^E BITAKTKAS. Bitartrate of Potash. 
Cream of Tartar. The tartar of wine purified. 

Mildly purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. 

Use. In ascites proceeding from visceral obstruc- 
tions; and to open the bowels in inflammatory 
habits. Dissolved in water, with a small quantity 
of white wine, some sugar, and lemon-peel, it forms 
an excellent beverage in febrile diseases, under the 
name of Imperial. 

Dose. Qj to gj combined with J)j sodaa biboras, to 
excite the kidneys; to open the bowels ^iv to gj 
are required. 



POT 143 

Incomp. Alkalies, alkaline earths, mineral acids. 
POTASSJE CARBONAS PURUS. Carbonate of 
Potassa (pure). Salt of Tartar. Crude carbonate 
of potassa is pearlash. 

Diuretic, antacid. 

Use. In dropsy, acidities of the primae vise, and 
glandular obstructions. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss. properly diluted ; J}j dissolved 
in f^viij of water, and mixed with f^iv of lemon- 
juice, forms an effervescing draught. 

Incomp. Mineral acids, borax, hydrochlorate and 
acetate of ammonia, alum, sulphate of magnesia, 
chloride of calcium, lime, lime-water, all the me- 
tallic salts. 
POTASSA CHLORAS. Chlorate of Potassa. 

Refrigerant, diuretic, &c. 

Use. In scurvy, scarlatina, &c, and as a wash in 
cancrum oris. 

Dose. Gr. x to xxx. 
POTASSJE NITR AS. Nitrate of Potassa, or Nitre. 

Diuretic, refrigerant ; in large doses purgative; 
externally cooling, detergent. 

Use. In fevers, dropsies, herpetic eruptions, active 
hemorrhages, mania. A small piece allowed to dis- 
solve slowly in the mouth often removes incipient 
cynanche tonsillaris ; hence its utility in gargles. 

Dose. Gr. x to gss. In doses of gj it occasions 
hypercatharsis, bloody stools, and sometimes death. 

Incomp. Sulphuric acid, sulphates of soda and 
magnesia, alum, the metallic sulphates. 
POTASS.E SULPHAS. Sulphate of Potassa. 

Purgative. 

Use. In the visceral obstruction to which children 
are liable, and as an adjunct to other purgatives. 

Dose. gss. to gvj. 

Incomp. Nitric and hydrochloric acids, tartaric 



144 POT 

acid, chloride of calcium, salts of mercury, nitrate 
of silver, salts of lead. 
POTASS M TARTRAS. Tartrate of Potassa. 

Purgative. 

Use. To open the bowels in febrile diseases, mania, 
and hypochondriasis; and as an adjunct to senna, 
and the resinous purgatives in solution, the griping 
effect of which it corrects. 

Dose. 3J to gj in solution. 

Incomp. Acids; infusion of tamarinds and other 
acid fruits; chloride of calcium; lime, magnesia, 
sulphates of soda, of potassa, and of magnesia; ni- 
trate of silver, acetate of lead, and hydrochlorate 
of ammonia. 
POTASSII BPvOMIDUM. Bromide of Potassium. 

Use. As Iodide of Potassium, but slower in effect. 
It is also used as a nervous sedative. 

Dose. Grs. v to xx. 
POTASSII FEKROCYANUPvETUM. Ferrocyan- 
uret of Potassium. 

Sedative, anodyne, diaphoretic, astringent ; most- 
ly used in the arts. 

Use. In dyspnoea, neuralgia, &c. 

Dose. 10 to 15 grs. in solution. 
POTASSII IODIDUM. Iodide of Potassium. 
(Formed by decomposing the iodide of iron by car- 
bonate of potassa.) 

The same as that of iodine ; but chiefly as an al- 
terative in secondary syphilis, rheumatism, lepra. 

Dose. Of the saturated solution from tf£vj to 
n^xx ; of the dry salt from gr. ij to gr. x. See 
Tinct. Iodin. 

Incomp. Acids, metallic salts, not iodides. 
POTASSII SULPHURETUM. Sulphuret of Potas- 
sium. 

Expectorant, diaphoretic ; externally detergent. 



PRU 145 

Use. It has been given in chronic asthma, but 
without much benefit; chronic catarrh and rheu- 
matism ; arthritic cases; hepatic and other cuta- 
neous diseases ; and cancer. Its solution is useful 
as a wash in scabies and tinea capitis. As a bath, 
in the proportion of giv to thirty gallons of water; 
as a lotion in local cutaneous affections, in the 
strength of ^j to two quarts of water. 

Dose. Gr ij to gr. x, combined with soap or ex- 
tract of conium, in pills or mixture, twice or thrice 
a day ; as an ointment, 3SS. of the sulphuret to gj 
of lard. 

Incomp. Acids, acidulous salts, metallic and 
earthy salts. 
PRENANTHES SERPENTARIA. Lion's Foot. 

Considered a remedy for the bite of the rattle- 
snake, &c. A decoction of the root is used inter- 
nally, and the moistened leaves externally. 
PRINOS. Black Alder. (P. verticitlatus.) 

Tonic, astringent, alterative. 

Use. Intermittents, diarrhoea, gangrene, chronic 
and cutaneous eruptions; locally in ill-conditioned 
ulcers. 

Dose. Of the powder, from gss. to gj; of the de- 
coction, made by boiling gij of the bark with Oiij 
of water to Oij, from gij to giij ; or it may be given 
in tincture. 
PRUNUM. Prunes. (P. domestica.) 

Cooling, laxative, nutrient. 

Use. In costiveness attended with heat and irri- 
tation ; an article of diet in fever. 
PRUNUS VIRGINIAN A. Wild-Cherry Bark. 

Twnic and sedative. 

Use. In debilitated states of the stomach or gen- 
eral system, attended with irritation and nervous 
excitability. It allays the action of the heart, and 
10 



146 PUL 

is highly useful in the hectic fever of scrofula and 
consumption. In dyspepsia and intermittents. 

Dose. In powder, from gss. to gj. 
PULV1S ALOES CUM CANELLA. Powder of 
Aloes witli Canella. (Aloes Hepatica? lb. j, Canellse 
Albse ^iij. Rub them separately into a powder, 
and mix.) 

Warm, cathartic. 

Use. In costiveness, but not well adapted to be 
used as a powder. 

Dose. Grs. x to j^j. 
PULVIS AROMAT1CUS. AromaticPowder. (Cin- 
namon, Ginger, aa^ij : Cardamom Seeds, Nutmegs, 
aa §j. Rub to fine powder.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Dose. 10 to 30 grs. As a spice plaster over the 
epigastrium in nausea and vomiting. 
PULVIS IPECACUANHA ET OPII. Dover's 
Powder. (Pulv. Ipecac. Pulv. Opii, aa ^j, Sul- 
phate of Potassa, gj. Make a fine powder.) 

Use. Anodyne, diaphoretic. 

Dose. Grs. v to xv. 
PULVIS JALAPJ] COMPOSITUS. Compound 
Powder of Jalap. (Jalapse Hjiij, Bitartratis Potassse 
gvj, Zingiberis ^ij. Rub them separately to a fine 
powder, and then mix.) 

Purgative. 

Use. In costiveness, particularly of children with 
a tumid belly ; in worm cases and in dropsy. 

Dose. Qj to Qij for adults; grs. vj to grs. xij for 
children. 
PULVIS RHEI COMPOSITUS. Compound Pow- 
der of Rhubarb. (Magnesia lb. j, Powd. Ginger gij> 
Powd. Rhubarb giv. Mix.) 

A laxative antacid, in bowel complaints of chil- 
dren. 



QUI 147 

Dose. 3SS. to gj for an adult: a child two or three 

year? old, 5 to 10 grs. 

PULV1S SCILLJE. Powder of Squills. (The bulb 

of Scilla Maritima sliced, dried, and reduced to a 

powder.) It should be kept in well-stopped vials. 

Diuretic, emetic, expectorant. 

Use. In the same cases for which the squill pill is 
employed. 

Dose. Grs. iij to grs. vj combined with soap and 
other substances, in pills or bolus. 
PYRETHKUM. Pellitory of Spain. {Anacyclus 
pyrethrum. ) 

Use. Chewed, it excites a copious flow of saliva, 
hence it has been found useful in some affections of 
the head ; in strumous swellings of the tonsils ; 
toothache, and palsy of the muscles of the throat. 
It is also used in infusion as a gargle. 
PYRETHRUM PARTHENIUM. Feverfew. 

Tonic 

Dose. 3 to 10 grs. three times a day. 
QUASSIA. Quassia Wood. (Simaruba excelsa.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. In intermittents ; bilious fever, combined 
with neutral salts; lienteria and cachexia ; in hys- 
teria united with tincture of valerian ; and with 
cretaceous powder and ginger in gout. 

Dose. Of the raspings grs. v to gss., but infusion 
and extract are preferable forms of exhibiting it. 
QUERCUS. The Oak. 

Astringent, tonic. Not much used internally. 

Use. As astringent wash, gargle, or injection. 
QUININE MURIAS. Muriate of Quinine. (Dis- 
solve pure quinine in diluted muriatic acid, and 
evaporate.) 

A tonic, better adapted in cases of weak digestive 



148 RHE 

powers than the sulphate; preferred by- some to the 
sulphate in intermittents. 

Dose. The same as the sulphate. 
QUININE SULPHAS. Disulphateof Quiniae. (Pre- 
pared from yellow cinchona ) 

Tonic. 

Use. In intermittents and all periodic diseases, as 
a tonic; also as a febrifuge in bilious remittents, 
and whenever tonics are indicated ; may be used 
with great advantage endermically where the 
stomach is irritable. 

Dose. Grs. ij to grs. x in any simple bitter in- 
fusion. 

Incomp. Alkalies and their carbonates, lime- 
water, salts of baryta, lime, nitrate of silver, and 
salts of lead. 
QUININE VALERIANAS. Valerianate of Quinia. 

Use. In neuralgia and hemicrania. 

Dose. 1 to 2 grs. 
KAN CJNCULUS. Crowfoot. (R. bulbosus.) 

Acrid irritant; similar to cantharides. 
KESINA. Yellow Eesin. (The residue, after the 
distillation of oil of turpentine.) 

Stimulant. 

Use. In the composition of plasters and ointments. 
KHAMNI. Buckthorn. (Berries and juice of R. 
catharticus.) 

Purgative. 

Use In syrup, added to hydragogue or diuretic 
mixtures. 

Dose, ^j of recent berries, %] of dried, ^j of juice. 
EHEUM. Khubarb Koot. (R. palmatum.) 

Purgative, stomachic, astringent. 

Use. In costiveness, from laxity of bowels, par- 
ticularly of children, and diarrhoea. It is a useful 
adjunct to neutral salts and calomel, rendering 



RUM 149 

their operation more easy. Externally the powder 
is sprinkled over ulcers, to assist their granulation 
and healing. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. of the powder to open the 
bowels; grs. vj to grs. x, to act as a stomachic. 
RHUS GLABRUM. Sumach. (Fruit of R. glab.) 

Astringent and refrigerant. 

Used as a gargle. 
ROSA. Rose Petals. 

Slightly laxative. 
ROSMARINUS. Rosemary. (R. officinalis.) 

Tonic, stimulant, emmenagogue, resolvent. 

Use. In nervous headaches, and in chlorosis, un- 
der the form of infusion ; but it is now scarcely ever 
used, unless as an adjunct, to give odor to sternuta- 
tory powders. 

Dose. Of the powder grs. x to gss. 
RUBIA. Root of Madder. (R. tinctorum.) 

Emmenagogue, astringent. 

Use. In chlorosis, and difficult or scanty men- 
struation ; in the atrophia infantum ; but its effi- 
cacy is very doubtful. 

Dose. G-rs. xv to J}j, united with sulphate of po- 
tassa, three or four times a day. 
RUBUS TRIVIALIS VILLOSUS. Dewberry 
Root, Blackberry Root 

Astringent and tonic. 

Use. In diarrhoea from debility, cholera infan- 
tum, chronic dysentery. In all cases where as- 
tringents are indicated. 

Dose. Of the decoction (gj, Ojss. water ; boiled to 
Oj), from fgj to fgij three or four times a day. 
Of the powdered root, grs. xx to grs. xxx. 
RUM EX. Dock-root. (R. Britannica and obtusi- 
folias. ) 

Mild astringent, tonic, alterative. 



150 SAG 

Use. In scrofula and syphilis, externally in skin 
diseases. 

Dose, fgij of decoction (gj dried root to Oj). 
RUTA. The leaves of Eue. (R. graveolens.) 

Tonic, stimulant, antispasmodic, emmenagogue? 

Use. In hysteria and flatulent colic ; but chiefly 
in the form of strong infusion in clysters in the 
convulsions of children. 

Dose. Grs. xv to Qij. 
SABADILLA. Sabadilla Seeds. (Veratrum saba- 
dilla.) 

Cathartic, excitant, anthelmintic. 

Use. Seldom internally; used in the form of pow- 
der to destroy pediculi. (Recommended by Turn- 
bull in painful rheumatic and neuralgic affections.) 

Dose. Gr. \ of the extract, grs. ij to grs. vj of the 
powder. Tincture used externally. 
SAB B ATI A. American Centaury. (S. angularis.) 

Tonic-. 

Use. In autumnal inter mitten ts and remittents. 

Dose. Infusion of gj to Oj water, f^ij every two 
hours. 
SAB IN A. Savine Leaves. {Juniperus sabina.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, emmenagogue, anthel- 
mintic, escharotic. 

Use. In amenorrhea, with a languid pulse, but 
they require to be cautiously administered ; in 
worms, rheumatism, and gout. Externally, the 
powder is applied to old ulcers, carious bones. &c. ; 
and the infusion, as a lotion, to gangrene, scabies, 
and tinea capitis. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. x of the powder. 
SACCHARUM. Sugar. 
SACCHARUM LACTIS. Sugar of Milk. 
SAGAPENUM. 



SAM 151 

Antispasmodic, emmenagogue, inferior to assa- 
foetida. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. in pills. 
SAGO. Sago. (Sagus Rumphii. A modification of 

starch, containing traces of chloride of sodium.) 
SALICINA. Salicine. 

Tonic. 

Use. In intermittents, and in all cases where 
tonics are indicated. Its effects are analogous to 
those of quinine, but not much used. 

Dose. Grs. iv to grs. vj every three hours in in- 
termittents. In other cases, gr. j to grs. iij, three 
or four times a dav. 
SALIX CORTEX/' Willow Bark. (S. alba.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In intermittents and remittents ; debilities 
of the intestinal canal; convalescence; and in hectic 
and phthisis. 

Dose, ^j to 3J of the powder; or f^jss. of the 
decoction, made with ^ij of the bark, in Oij water, 
boiled down to Oj. 

Incomp. Solution of isinglass, alkaline carbonates, 
lime-water, sulphate of iron. 
SALVIA. Sage. (S. officinalis.) 

Tonic, astringent, aromatic. 

Use. Mostly as gargle, in infusion, with honey 
and alum. 
SAMBUCUS. (S Canadensis.) Common Elder Flow- 
ers, Berries, and Bark. 

Flowers diaphoretic, discutient; berries aperient, 
sudorific; bark purgative, hydragogue. 

Use. The flowers in fomentations, to yield their 
flavor to water in distillation, and to form a cooling 
ointment; the berries, or their expressed juice, in 
febrile diseases, rheumatism, arthritic cases, and 



152 SAR 

the exanthemata ; the bark in dropsy and hemor- 
rhoids. 

Dose Of the juice of the berries, f^j to fgij ; of 
the bark grs. v to gss., three times a day. 
SANGUINARIA. Blood Root. (S. Canadensis.) 

An acrid emetic ; stimulant, narcotic, diapho- 
retic, alterative. 

Use. It is principally used in chronic catarrh, 
bronchial affections, and pertussis. Combined with 
antimony or ipecacuanha, it is a useful expectorant. 

Dose. As emetic, from grs. x to grs. xx ; as alter- 
ative, gr. j to grs. i v. Of the tincture, x to xxx drops. 
This is the best form of administration. 
SANTALUM. Red Saunders Wood. (Pterocarpus 
sanialum.) 

Used for coloring tinctures. 
SANTONIN. The active anthelmintic principle in 
European wormseed. 

Used in the form of lozenges with sugar. 

Dose. Three or four grs. twice a day, or less to a 
child. 
SAPO. Soap. 

Laxative, antacid, antilithic. 

Use. Tn dyspepsia, constipation, lithiasis, &c. 

Dose. Five grs. to gss., in pill. 

Incomp. Acids, earths, earthy and metallic salts, 
SARSAPARILLA. (Smilax officinalis.) 

Diuretic, demulcent. 

Use. In the sequlse of syphilis, when, after a 
mercurial course, nocturnal pains, enlargement of 
the joints, and cutaneous ulcerations remain ; in 
scrofula; elephantiasis, or cutaneous affections re- 
sembling it ; chronic rheumatism ; and whenever 
an alterative is indicated. 

Dose. From J)j to gj of the powder, or made into 



SCO 153 

an electuary, three times a day. See Decoction, 
Syrup, and Ext. 
SASSAFRAS. Sassafras "Wood and Root. (Laurus 
Sassafras. ) 

Stimulant, sudorific, diuretic. 

Use. In cutaneous diseases ; chronic rheumatism ; 
and as an adjunct to the decoction of guaiac, &c. 
SCAMMONITJM. Scammony. (Convolvulus scam- 
monia.) 

Drastic purgative, hydragogue. 

Use. In obstinate costiveness, worms, dropsy, in 
combination with some other cathartic, as aloes, 
rhubarb, calomel, &c. 

Dose. Grs. iij to grs. xv triturated with sugar or 
with almonds. Alacle into an emulsion with milk, 
the taste cannot be distinguished ; but pure virgin 
scammony is exceedingly scarce. 
SCILLA. The bulb of the squill. (S. rnaritima.) 

Emetic in large doses ; purgative ; in small doses 
expectorant and diuretic. It owes its properties to 
a peculiar principle, which has been named seil- 
litina. 

Use. In pulmonary complaints, after the inflam- 
matory action is reduced ; humoral asthma ; pertus- 
sis ; in dropsy ; and more useful if combined with 
a mercurial. 

Dose. Gr. j to grs. v of the dried root, powdered, 
and united with nitre or ipecacuanha ; or in pills 
to produce diuresis, united with the blue pill. 

Incomp. Gelatine, lime-water, alkaline carbon- 
ates, acetates of lead, nitrate of silver. 
SCOPAR1US. Broom Tops. (Cytisus scoparius.) 

Diuretic. 

Use. In dropsies. 

Dose. 9J to 3J of the powder. 



154 SER 

SCROPHULARIA NODOSA. Figwort, pilewort, 
Celandine. 

An old English remedy for piles and scrofulous 
tumors, in ointment or fomentation. 
SCUTELLARIA LATERIFOLIA. Scullcap. 

A tonic nervine. 

Used in tic douloureux, &c. 

Dose. Fluid extract, ^ss. to gj, 
SENECIO AURENS. Life-root. 

Diuretic, diaphoretic, tonic. 

Useful in gravel and uterine complaints; pro- 
motes menstruation. 

Dose. Fluid extract, gss. to gj. 
SENEGA. Senega Root. (Polygala senega.) 

Stimulant, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 

Use. In peripneumonia, after the inflammatory 
action is reduced; humoral asthma, chronic rheu- 
matism; dropsy; croup? The extract of it, with 
carbonate of ammonia, has been found useful in 
lethargy. 

Dose. Grs. x to Qj of the powder. Madeira wine, 

if it can be ordered, covers the taste of the powder. 

SENN^E FOLIA. Senna Leaves. (Cassia acutifolia.) 

Cathartic, hydragogue. (It is apt to gripe.) 

Use. In costiveness and dropsy ; should always 
be given with aromatic and saline substances. 

Dose. Of the powder, £)j to ^j rubbed with crys- 
tals of bitartrate of potassa, and united with ginger 
to prevent griping ; but the best form is that of in- 
fusion. 
SERPENTARI^E RADIX. Snake Eoot. (Aristo- 
lochia sevpentaria.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, diuretic. 

Use. In typhoid fevers, and diseases of debility ; 
to assist cinchona in the cure of intermittents ; in 



SIN 155 

the exanthemata, and dyspepsia ; and externally as 
a gargle in cynanche maligna. 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. x to £ss. ; or of the fol- 
lowing infusion fgss. every four hours: R. Had. 
contusi Serpentariae 31 v, Aquae ferv. f^xij. Ma- 
cerate in a covered vessel for two hours. 
SESAMUM. Benne. (S. indicium.) 

Laxative, demulcent, nutritious. 

Use. As a drink in cholera infantum, diarrhoea, 
dysentery, catarrh, and affections of the urinary 
passages. 

Dose. One or two green leaves in a tumbler of 
cool water will render it sufficiently viscid. 
SEVUM. Suet. 

Used in ointments, &c. 
SIMARUB A. The Bark and Wood of Simaruba offi- 
cinalis. 

Tonic. 

Use. In dysentery, chronic diarrhoea, lienteria, 
and dyspepsia. 

Dose. gss. to gj of the powder ; but the infusion 
is a better form of exhibiting this remedy. 
SINAPIS. Mustard Seed. (S. alba nigra.) 

Stimulant, diuretic, emetic, rubefacient, laxative. 

Use. In dyspepsia ; a torpid state of the bowels, 
and chlorosis. The seeds are swallowed entire or 
only slightly crushed ; a strong infusion of the flour 
is used to produce vomiting in apoplexy and paral- 
ysis ; externally the flour is applied as a cataplasm 
to the legs and the soles of the feet in typhus and 
comatose affections. 

Dose, gj to gss. or f^ij of the following infusion: 
R. Sinapis pulveris, Armoraciae rad., sing, gij, Aq. 
ferventis Oij. Infuse in a covered vessel for twelve 
hours ; then strain and add Spir. Menthae Piper. 



156 SOD 

SODiE ACETAS. Acetate of Soda. 

Purgative, refrigerant, diuretic. 

Use. In cases requiring a mild purgative. Chiefly 
used for making acetic acid. 

Dose. From Qj to giv in any bland fluid. 

Incomp. Carbonate of lime, sulphuric, nitric, and 
hydrochloric acids. 
SOIXiE BICARBONAS. Bicarbonate of Soda. 

Use, The same as that of the carbonate. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. 
SOD^E BORAS. Borate of soda. Borax. 

Diuretic, emmenagogue. 

Use. In nephritic and calculous complaints, de- 
pending on an excess of uric acid. As a detergent 
in aphthous affections of the mouth in children, 
rubbed up in sugar in the proportion of 1 to 7, or 
rubbed with honey. 

Dose. From grs. xx to grs. xl ; or combined with 
cream of tartar. 
SOD.ZE CARBONAS. Carbonate of Soda. 

Antacid. 

Use. In dyspepsia, and acidities of the stomach ; 
united with bitters; in uric acid and gravel, in 
whooping-cough, bronchocele, and in scrofulous 
affections. 

Dose. Grs. x to ^ss. twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Lime, acids, unless as an effervescing 
draught, hydrochlorate of ammonia, earthy and 
metallic salts. 
SODJS CAKBONAS EXSICCATA. Dried Car- 
bonate of Soda. (The carbonate made to undergo 
the watery fusion; and, when dry, reduced to pow- 
der.) 

Antacid, lithontriptic. 

Use. In acidity of the stomach ; but chiefly in 



SOL 157 

calculus in the kidneys, and other affections of the 
urinary organs. 

Dose. Grs. v to grs. xv, made into pills, with 
some aromatic powder and soap. 
SOD^E ET POTASSJE TARTRAS. Rochelle Salt. 

A mild, cooling purgative. 

Dose. ^ss. to ^j. 
SOD^E PHOSPHAS. Phosphate of Soda. 

A mild purgative. 

Dose, ^j to gij in gruel or weak broth. 
SODJE SULPHAS. Sulphate of Soda, or Glauber's 
Salts. (From the salt which remains after the dis- 
tillation of hydrochloric acid, the superabundant 
acid being saturated with carbonate of soda.) 

Purgative; in small doses diuretic. 

Use. In costiveness; in bilious colics, largely di- 
luted. 

Dose. Of the effloresced salt in powder, ^iij to 
gvj ; of the cr} T stallized salt in solution, gvj to gxij ; 
its nauseous taste may be corrected by lemon-juice 
or cream of tartar. 

Incomp. Carbon as potassse, chlorides of calcium 
and barium, salts of lead, of silver. 
SODII OHLORIDUM. Chloride of Sodium. Mu- 
riate of Soda, or Sea Salt. 

Tonic, purgative, anthelmintic, externally stimu- 
lant. 

Use. In some cases of dyspepsia and worms ; in 
sea scurvy, and purpura ; in large doses to check 
vomiting of blood ; as an ingredient in clysters; a 
fomentation to bruises; and, added to water, to 
form a stimulant bath. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. In clysters giv to gj. 
SOLID AGO. Golden Rod. (S. odora.) 

Aromatic, stimulant, carminative, diaphoretic. 



158 SPI 

Use. To relieve pain arising from flatulence; to 
allay nausea. 
SOLUTIO ACETATIS ZINCI. Solution of Ace- 
tate of Zinc. (Sulphatis Zinci gj, Aq. Destil. f,^x, 
dissolve Acetatis Plumbi £)iv, Aq. Destil. fjjx. 
Solve. Mix the solutions, and after they have re- 
mained at rest for a little time, filter the mixture. 
A limpid fluid.) 

Astringent. 

Use. Externally, as a collyrium in ophthalmia, 
after the vessels are unloaded; and as an injection 
in gonorrhoea. 

(In this preparation a double decomposition takes 
place ; the sulphate of lead which is formed is in- 
soluble, and the acetate of zinc soluble, on which 
account they are thus easily separated ; but when 
the acetate is intended to be used as an injection in 
gonorrhoea, the mixture should not be filtrated.) 
SPIGELIA. Indian Pink Koot. (S. marilandica.) 

Anthelmintic. 

Use. For the expulsion of lumbrici ; in the re- 
mitting fever of infancy. Its use should be preceded 
by an emetic, and followed by a warm purgative. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss. of the powdered root, every 
night and morning, till the worms are expelled; 
or an infusion combined with senna. 
SPIRAEA. Hardhack. (S. tomentosa.) 

Tonic, astringent. 

Use. In cholera infantum, diarrhoea, and all cases 
where a tonic combined with an astringent effect 
is needed. 

Dose. Of the extract, from grs. v to grs. xv; from 
f 5j to fgij of the decoction. 
SP1RITUS ^ETHEKIS NITRICI. Spirit of Nitric 
Ether. Sweet Spirit of Nitre. 

Refrigerant, diuretic, antispasmodic, diaphoretic. 



SPI 159 

Use. In febrile diseases; spasmodic asthma; and 
dropsies, as an assistant to more active remedies. 

Dose, ttj^xx to f gj, in any convenient vehicle. 
SPIRITUS ^ETiIERIS COMPOSLTUS. Com- 
pound Spirit of Ether. Hoffman's Anodyne Liquor. 
(JEtheris Sulph. fgviij. Spiritus Kectificata fgxvj, 
Olei ^Etherei fgiij. Mix ) 

Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In typhus fever, hysteria, and to allay irri- 
tation in painful diseases; in headaches externally, 
when the part to which it is applied is kept covered 
with the hand, in which case it acts as a rube- 
facient. 

Dose. fgss. to f ^ij in any convenient vehicle. 
SPIRITUS AMMONIiE. Spirit of Ammonia. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In paralysis, faintings and nervous debilities. 

Dose. fgss. to f zj in water. 
SPIRITUS AMMONIiE AEOMATICUS. Aro- 
matic Spirit of Ammonia. 

Stimulant, diaphoretic. 

Use. In the same cases as the Spirit of Ammonia ; 
it is more grateful and less acrimonious. 

Dose. f^ss. to f^j in any convenient vehicle. 

Incomp. Acids, acidulous salts, metallic salts, 
lime-water. 

>IRITUS AMMONITE ECETIDUS. Fetid Spirit 
of Ammonia. 

Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In hysteria, atonic gout, and spasmodic 
asthma. 

Dose, f gss. to gj in water. 
>IRITUS CAMPHORATUS. Spirit of Camphor. 
(Camphorae giv, Spirit. Rect. Oij.) 

Stimulant, anodyne, discutient. 

Use. Externally, against rheumatic pains, para- 



160 SPI 

lytic numbness, chilblains, gangrene, and for dis- 
cussing tumors. 

Incomp. "Water, which precipitates the camphor. 
SPIRITUS JUNIPERI COMPOSITUS. Com- 
pound Spirit of Juniper. 
Stimulant, diuretic. 

Use. As an adjunct to diuretic infusion in drop- 
sies. 

Dose, fgj to §j. 
SPIRITUS LAVANDULAE. 

Use. As a perfume, and to make the following 
articles : 

Spiritus Lavandulae Comp., Linimentum Cam- 
phorae Comp. 
SPIRITUS LAVANDULAE COMPOSITUS. 
Compound Spirit of Lavender. (Spir. Lavand. 
Ojss., Spir. Rosmarini Oss., Cinnamomi cont., 
Myristica cont. sing, ^iiss., Pterocarpi cont. £v.) 
Use In fainting and chronic debility. 
Dose, tt^xxx to 3J. 
SPIRITUS MENTHA PIPERITA. Spirit of 
Peppermint. 

Carminative, stimulant. 
Use. In nausea, flatulence, and faintings. 
Dose. f^ss. to fgiij. 
SPIRITUS MENTHJE PULEGII. Spirit of Pen- 
nyroyal. 

Use. The same as that of spearmint. 
Dose, fgj to f^iv. 
SPIRITUS MENTHA VIRIDIS. Spirit of Spear- 
mint. 

Carminative, stimulant. 
Use. In nausea, flatulence, and faintings. 
Dose. fgss. to fspj, in any proper vehicle. 
SPIRITUS MYRISTIC^E. Spirit of Nutmeg. 
Cordial, carminative. 



ST A 161 

Use In faintings, and as an adjunct to griping 
purgatives. 

Dose. fgss. to f^iv. 
SPIEITUS PIMENTO. Spirit of Pimento. 
Cordial, carminative. 
Use. In flatulent colic, atonic gout, &c. 
Dose, f^j to f^iv. 
SPIEITUS PYKOXYLICUS. Wood Naphtha. 
Narcotic, sedative, antiemetic. 
- Dose. 10 to 40 drops, three times a day. 
SPIEITUS EOSMAEINI. Spirit of Eosemary. 
Stimulant. 

Use. In languors ; externally to pains and bruises. 
A fragrant perfume. 
Dose, fgj to f^iv. 
SPIEITUS VINI GALLICI. Brandy. 
SPONGIA. Sponge. 

Use. External. For absorbing the acrid discharge 
from ulcers; suppressing hemorrhages, when the 
bleeding mouth of the vessel is compressed with it; 
to form tents for dilating wounds, in which case 
the sponge is immersed in melted wax, and cooled 
before being used ; for making burnt sponge. 
SPONGI.E UST^E PULVIS.^Burnt Sponge. (The 
sponge is cut into pieces, burnt to a friable coal in 
a covered vessel, and rubbed to a powder.) 
Tonic, deobstruent, antacid. 

Use. In bronchOcele, scrofulous complaints, and 
herpetic eruptions. 

Dose. £j to £iij, made into an electuary, with 
honey and powdered cinnamon. 
STANNI PULYIS. Powder of Tin. 
Anthelmintic. 

Dose. gss. in molasses, for several mornings, fol- 
lowed by a cathartic. 

11 



162 STY 

STATICE. Marsh Eosemary. (S. caroliniani.) 

Astringent, antiseptic. 

Use. In gargles, in aphthous and malignant sore 
throat ; and internally in chronic dysentery. 
ST1LLINGIA. Queen's Root. ($. sylvatica ) 

Emetic, cathartic, alterative. 

Use. In secondary syphilis, scrofula, &c. 

Dose. Powder, 15 to 30 grs., tincture (gij to Oj) 
f^j. 20 to 40 drops of fluid extract. 
STRAMONIUM. The Leaves and Seeds of Thorn 
Apple. (Datura stramonium.) 

Use. The same as the extract. 

Dose. Seeds gr. j, powdered leaves grs. ij. 
STRYCHNIA. Strychnia. An alkali prepared from 
the Strychnos Nux Vomica. 

Use. As a tonic in pyrosis, passive diarrhoea, and 
leucorrhcea; in cases of partial paralysis not de- 
pending on organic disease, especially when caused 
by carbonate of lead. 

Dose. From e:r. T^th to gr. Jth, in acid solution. 
STRYCHNOS IGNATIA. Ignatia Bean. (Ignatia 
a?nara.) 

Tonic, and nervous stimulant; virtue depends on 
strychnia. 

Use. In dyspepsia of all grades. 

Dose. 5 to 10 drops of fluid extract. 
STRYCHNOS NUX VOMICA. 

Tonic, stimulant; when taken in large doses, it 
produces tetanic symptoms. 

Use. In dyspepsia, gout, rheumatism ; and espe- 
cially in paralysis of the lower extremities. 

Dose. From grs. iij to grs. xij. 
STYRAX. Storax. (S. officinale.) 

Stimulant, expectorant. 

Use. Seldom used alone, but as an adjunct, chiefly 
on account of its fragrance and aromatic properties. 






S U L 163 

Dose. Grs. x to £ss. 
SUCCINUM. Amber. 

Use. To afford its essential oil and acid. 
SULPHUK. Sublimed Sulphur. Flowers of Sul- 
phur. 

Stimulant, laxative, diaphoretic, transpiring 
through the cutaneous exhalants. 

Use. As a laxative in chronic rheumatism, atonic 
gout, rachitis, asthma, and some pulmonary affec- 
tions ; in hemorrhoidal affections it is the only laxa- 
tive that should be employed, united with, magnesia 
or bitartrate of potassa. A specific in itch, and 
several cutaneous diseases, when either internally 
or externally exhibited. 

Dose. gss. to gij taken night and morning. 
SULPHUK PK^ECIPITATUM. Precipitated Sul- 
phur, Lac Sulphuris. 

Laxative and alterative; emmcnagogue. 

Use. In cutaneous affections, and as a laxative 
in constipation and hemorrhoids. 

Dose, gj in the form of an electuary, two or three 
times a day, or combined with magnesia or cream 
of tartar. 
SULPHUKIS IODIDUM. Iodide of Sulphur. (R. 
Iodine giv, Sulphur t ^j. Kub together in a glass 
mortar till thoroughly mixed. Put the mixture into 
a matrass, close the orifice loosely, and apply a 
gentle heat, so as to darken the mass without melt- 
ing it. When the color has become uniformly dark 
throughout, increase the heat so as to melt the 
iodide; then incline the matrass in different direc- 
tions ; and, lastly, allow it to cool, break it, and put 
the iodide into bottles, which are to be kept well 
stopped.) 

A powerful alterative, especially in lupus, acne,' 
and psoriasis. 



164 SYR 

Use. In cutaneous affections, secondary syphilis, 
rheumatism, &c. The ointment of iodide of sulphur 
should be made at first by mixing grs. x of the 
iodide with gj lard: the strength ma}^ be gradually 
increased, as the skin can bear it, until it contains 
^ss. to the ^j lard or spermaceti ointment. 
SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE. Comfrey. 
Demulcent, astringent. 
Dose, ^ij to ^iv of fluid extract. 
SYRUPUS. Simple Syrup. (Sacchari Purif. lb. x, 
Aquae Oiij.) Dissolve the sugar in the water with 
a gentle heat. 

Use. To cover nauseous tastes ; but it seldom 
renders medicine more pleasant, and might well be 
altogether dispensed with. It is the base of most 
of the other syrups. 

N. B. — The syrups should never be kept in a 
temperature that exceeds 55°. All syrups that con- 
tain vegetable mucilage are apt to become ropy and 
acescent, or deposit crystals of sugar. They are, 
therefore, more suitable for the winter season. 
They should never be prepared in quantities, so as 
to be kept long on hand. 
SYRUPUS ACACIJE. Syrup of Gum Arabic. (R. 
Gum Arabic 8 parts, Sugar 64 parts, Boiling Water 
32 parts, Orange-flower Water 1 part. Dissolve the 
gum in the boiling water, frequently stirring, then 
add the sugar ; boil so as to form a syrup, and 
strain; when cold, add the orange-flower water.) 
SYRUPUS ACETI. Syrup of Vinegar. (Aceti 
Gallica gxj, Sacch. Pur. §xiv. Boil them so as to 
form a syrup.) 

Refrigerant, antiseptic. 

Use. In fevers, diluted with water, as a beverage ; 
and in scorbutus. 
Dose, fgj to fgij. 



SYR 165 

SYRUPUS ALLII. Syrup of Garlic. R. Of Fresh 
Garlic sliced gvj, Distilled Vinegar Oj, Sugar lb. ij. 
Macerate the garlic in the vinegar, in a glass vessel, 
four days; then express the liquor, and set it by, 
that the dregs may subside; lastly add the sugar 
to the clear liquor, and remove any scum that may 
form, and strain the solution while hot. 

SYRUPUS AMYGDALAE. Syrup of Almonds. 
Syrup of Orgeat. (Take of Sweet Almonds lb. j, 
Bitter Almonds giv, Water Oiij, Sugar lb. vj. Hav- 
ing blanched the almonds, rub them in a mortar to 
a very fine paste, adding, during the trituration, 
fgiij of the water and lb. j of the sugar. Mix the 
paste thoroughly with the remainder of the water ; 
strain, with a strong expression; add the remainder 
of the sugar to the strained liquor, and dissolve with 
the aid of a gentle heat. Strain through fine linen, 
and having allowed it to cool, bottle, cork tightly, 
and keep in a cool place.) 

SYRUPUS AURANTII. Syrup of Orange-Peel. 
(Aurant. Cort. Recent. § ijss., "Aquae Ferv. Oj,Sacch. 
Pur. Ib.iij. Macerate the peel in the water for twelve 
hours in a covered vessel ; then t# the decanted fluid 
add the sugar.) 

Slightly tonic ; stomachic. 

Use. An elegant adjunct to stomachic draughts 
and mixtures. 
Dose, fgj to fgij. 

SYRUPUS IPECACUANHA. Syrup of Ipecacu- 
anha. (Ipecacuanha in coarse powder Jiv, Rectified 
Spirit Oij, Proof Spirit, Water, of each f^xiv, Sy- 
rup Ovij. Digest the ipecacuanha in the rectified 
spirit for twenty-four hours, squeeze, and filter. 
Repeat this process with the proof spirit ; and again 
with the water. Unite the fluids, and distil to gxij. 
Add gv of rectified spirit, and then the syrup.) 



166 SYR 

Expectorant and emetic. 

Use. In bronchitis, asthma, croup, and catarrh. 

Dose, fzj to fgij. 
SYRUPUS KKAMERIiE. Syrup of Khatany. 
(Take of Extract of Rhatany gij, Water Oj, Sugar 
Ib.ijss. Dissolve the extract in the water and filter, 
then add the sugar, remove the scum, and strain 
while hot.) 

Astringent and tonic. 

Dose. f§ss. 

Use. In all cases where astringents are indicated. 
SYRUPUS LIMONUM. Syrup of Lemons. (Li- 
monis Succi Colati Oj, Sacchari Purif. lb. ijss.) 

Cooling, antiseptic. 

Use. To sweeten and acidulate barley-water, and 
other diluting fluids in inflammatory and bilious 
fever. A useful addition to detergent gargles. 

Dose, fgj to fgij or more. 
SYRUPUS RHEL Syrup of Rhubarb. (Take of 
Rhubarb bruised gij, Boiling Water Oj, Sugar lb. ij. 
Macerate the rhubarb in the water twenty-four 
hours, and strain; then add the sugar, and proceed 
in the manner directed for Syrup. Allii.) 
SYRUPUS RHEI AROMATICTJS. Aromatic 
Syrup of Rhubarb. (Take of Rhubarb, bruised, 
gijss., Cloves, Cinnamon, bruised, each §ss., Nut- 
meg, bruised, gij, Diluted Alcohol Oij, Syrup Ovj. 
Macerate the rhubarb and aromatics in the diluted 
alcohol for fourteen days, and strain ; then, by 
means of a water-bath, evaporate the liquor to Oj. 
And while hot mix it with the syrup previously 
heated.) 

Dose. For an infant fgj. 
SYRUPUS SARSAPARILLJE COMPOSITUS. 
Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla. (Take of Sarsa- 






SYR 167 

parilla, bruised, lb. ij,Guaiacum Wood, rasped, .^iij, 
Hundred Leaved Rones, Senna, Liquorice Root, 
bruised, each §ij, Oil Sassafras, Oil Anise, each trgv, 
Oil of Partridge Berry ^iij, Diluted Alcohol Ox, 
Sugar, lb. viij. Macerate thesarsaparilla,guaiacum, 
roses, senna, and liquorice root in the diluted alco- 
hol fourteen days ; then express and filter, Evap- 
orate the tincture by means of a water-bath to four 
pints, filter, add the sugar, remove any scum which 
may form, and strain the solution while hot.) 

Dose. fgss. three times a day. 
SYRUPUS SENNS. Syrup of Senna. (Sennas 
Folior. §ijss., Fceniculi Contus. jx, Mannse §iij, 
Sacchar. Pur. § xv > Aquae Ferv. Oj. Macerate the 
senna leaves and fennel seeds for twelve hours, 
strain, adding the manna and sugar to the juice, to 
form a syrup.) 

Purgative. 

Use. For the costiveness of children, and persons 
of a delicate habit of body. 

Dose, fgij to fgss. or more. 
SYRUPUS PRUNI VIRGINIANS. Syrup of 
Wild Cherry Bark. (Powdered Bark gv, Cold 
Water Oj, Sugar 2 lbs.) 

Dose. fgss. 
YRUPUS SCILLS. Syrup of Squill. (Aceti 
Scillae Oiij, Sacch. Pur. cont. lb. vij.) 

Diuretic, expectorant, emetic. 

Use. In the same cases as those for which the 
oxymel is employed ; as an emetic, it is given only 
to children. 

Dose, f^j to fgij. 
YRUPUS SCILLAE COMPOSITUS. Compound 
Syrup of Squill. Hive Syrup. (Take of Squill, 
bruised, Seneka, each §iv, Tartrate of Antimony 



168 TAB 

and Potassa gr. xlviij,. Water Oiv, Sugar lb. iijss. 
Pour the water upon the squill and seneka, and 
having boiled to one-half, strain and add the sugar ; 
then evaporate to Oiij, and while the syrup is still 
hot, dissolve in it the tartrate of antimony and po- 
tassa.) 

Use. In croup, and as an expectorant in pul- 
monary and catarrhal affections. 

Dose. For children, ten drops to gj. 
SYKUPUS SENEGJE. Syrup of Seneka. (Take 
of Seneka, bruised, giv, Water Oj, Sugar lb. j. Boil 
the water with the seneka to one-half and strain ; 
then add the sugar, remove the scum, and strain.) 

A very useful expectorant. 

Use. In bronchial and pulmonary affections. 

Dose. f^ss. to fzij. 
SYKUPUS TOLUTANUS. Syrup of Tolu. (Bal- 
sam. Tolutani ^x, Aq. Ferv. Oj, Sacch. Pur. lb. ijss. 
Boil the balsam for half an hour in a covered vessel, 
occasionally stirring ; strain when cold, and add 
sugar to the liquor so as to form a syrup.) 

Use. Simply to give its agreeable flavor to 
draughts, mixtures, and emulsions. 

Dose, f^j to fgiv. 
SYRUPUS ZINGIBEKIS. Syrup of Ginger. (Zin- 
giberis concisse ^ijss., AquseFerv. Oj, Sacch. Purif. 
lb. ijss. To the strained liquor add the sugar, so as 
to form a syrup.) 

Cordial, stomachic, carminative. 

Use. As an adjunct to bitter and tonic infusions. 

Dose. £j to ^iij. 
TABACUM. The leaves of Tobacco. (Nicoiiana 
fabacum.) 

Narcotic, sedative, diuretic, emetic, cathartic, 
errhine ; a violent poison, whether externally ap- 
plied or taken into the stomach. 






TAR 169 

Use. In ileus. and incarcerated hernia, in the form 
of clysters of the infusion, or the smoke in dropsy 
and dysuria ; chewing it relieves the pain of tooth- 
ache ; and as an errhine, it forms the basis of all 
the snufis in common use. The infusion has been 
used as a lotion in scabies, tinea capitis, and other 
eruptions, but it is apt to induce sickness. 

Dose. See Infusum Tabaci. For clysters, £j is 
infused in Oj of boiling water. 
TAMARINDUS. The Pulp of Tamarind. [TAndica.) 

Laxative, refrigerant. 

Use. In dysentery and fevers, particularly those 
attended with an increased secretion of bile, and 
putrid symptoms. Tamarind whey, made by boil- 
ing gij of the fruit with Ojss. milk, and straining, 
is an excellent diluent in fevers. 

Dose. gss. to gij, often added to senna and to 
manna. 

Incomp. Carbonates, and acetates of potassa and 
soda ; the resinous cathartics ; infusum senna?. 
TANACETUM. Leaves of Tansy. (T. vulgare.) 

Tonic, anthelmintic. 

Use. In gout ; hysteria, connected with suppres- 
sion of the menses ; in worms, seldom used. 

Dose. ^ss. to gj. It is drunk as a tea by gouty 
people. 
TAPIOCA. Tapioca (feculaof root Janipha Ma?iihot). 

A nutritious diet. 
TARAXACUM. The Root of Dandelion. (Leontodon 
taraxacum.) 

Aperient, diuretic, resolvent. 

Use. In chronic inflammation, and incipient scir- 
rhus of the liver ; chronic derangements of the 
stomach; dropsy, pulmonary tubercles, and jaundice. 

Dose, fgij of the following decoction three or 



170 TIN 

four times a day : R. The full-grown roots, slieed, 
giv, Water Oij. Boil gently to a pint, strain, and 
add bitartrate of potassa giij. 

Incomp. Infusion of galls, nitrate of silver, bi- 
chloride of mercury, acetates of lead, sulphate of 
iron. 
TESTAE. Oyster Shells (burnt). 

Antacid, absorbent. 

Use. Chiefly in the acidities of infancy, and dur- 
ing dentition. 

Dose. G-rs. x to ^ij. 
TINCTURA ACONITI FOLIORUM. Tincture 
of Aconite Leaves. (Aconite Leaves giv, Dil. 
Alcohol Oij. Macerate 14 days.) 

Dose. 20 to 30 drops. 
TINCTURA ACONITI RADICIS. Tincture of 
Aconite Root. (Aconite Root 1 lb., Alcohol Oij. 
Macerate 14 days. ) 

Dose, trj^v, gradually increased. 
TINCTURA ALOES. Tincture of Aloes. (Aloes 
cont. t l§j, Ext. Glycyrrhizas giij, Aqua Ojss., Spir. 
Rect. Oss. Macerate for 14 days, and strain.) 

Use. The same as the Extract of Aloes. 

Dose. f5ss. to f5iss. 
TINCTURA ALOES ET MYRRH^E. Compound 
Tincture of Aloes. Elixir Proprietatis. (Aloes 
cont. giv, Croci gij, Tinct. Myrrhse Oij. Digest 
14 days and strain.) 

Purgative, stomachic, emmenagogue. 

Use. To open the bowels in languid cold habits ; 
in chlorosis. 

Dose, fzj to fzij. 
TINCTURA ARNIC^E. Tincture of Arnica (Ar- 
nica Flowers gjss., Proof Spirit gxij. Digest seven 
days, express and strain.) 



TIN 171 

Use. In paralysis, nervous headaches, &c. Ex- 
ternally to sprains, &c. 

Dose. gss. to gij. 
TINCTUBA ASSAFOETIDJS. Tinctura of Assa- 
foetida. (Assafoetida ^v, Spir. Bectif. Oij. Ma- 
cerate for fourteen days and filter.) 

Use. The same as the Assafoetida. 

Dose. fgj. (It becomes turbid when mixed with 
water.) 
TINCTUKA BELLADONNA. Tincture of Bella- 
donna. (Belladonna Leaves ^iv, Dil. Alcohol Oij. 
Macerate fourteen days.) 

Dose. 15 to 30 drops. 
TINCTUKA BENZOINI COMPOSITE. Com- 
pound Tincture of Benzoin. (Benzoini giijss., Sty- 
racis colati fgijss., Balsami Tolutani gx, Aloes gv, 
Spiritus Beet. Oij. Macerate for fourteen days.) 

Stimulant, expectorant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In old asthmatic cases ; chronic catarrh ; 
phthisis with a languid circulation. It is applied 
to wounds and languid ulcers, which it stimulates 
gently, and covers from the action of the air. 

Dose. f^ss. to fjij rubbed up with the yolk of an 
eo'2;, and any fluid. 
TINCTUBA BUCHU. Tincture of Buchu. (Buchu 
gijss., Spiritus Tenuioris mensura lb.j. Macerate 
for seven days and strain.) 

Use. The same as that of the leaves. 

Dose. From zj to fgiv. 
TINCTUBA CAMPHOB.E. Tincture of Camphor. 
(Camphorse gv, Spir. Beet. Oij. Mix, that the 
camphor may be dissolved.) 

Anodyne. 

Use. A useful topical application in rheumatic 
and other pains. 
TINCTUBA CANNABIS INDIC^E. Tincture of 



172 TIN 

Indian Hemp. (Ext. Cannabis Ind. gss. [avoirdu- 
pois], Rectified Spirit Oss. [Imperial]. Dissolve.) 

Dose, n^xxx, gradually increased. 
TINCTURA CANTHARIDIS. Tincture of the 
Spanish Fly. (Cantharidis contus. 2iv, Spir. Ten. 
Oij.) 

Diuretic, stimulant, narcotic. 

Use. In gleet, hydrops ovarii, and leucorrhoea ; 
but it is chiefly used as an external application, 
united with Soap or Camphor Liniment, against 
rheumatic and other pains. 

Dose. v% x to fgj. 
TINCTURA CAPSICI. Tincture of Capsicum. 
(Capsici gx, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Stimulant. 

Use. In the low stage of typhus, cynanche ma- 
ligna, and other diseases of debility. In gargles in 
malignant cynanche. 

Dose, f ^ss. to fgj or more, f^ij in a gargle of 
f 3vj. 
TINCTURA CAPSICI ET CANTHARIDUM. 
Tincture of Cayenne Pepper and Blistering Plies. 
(Cantharidum contusarum gx, Capsici gj, Alcoholis 
diluti Oj. Digest for ten days and filter.) 

Stimulant, rubefacient. 

Use. As a counter-irritant in deep-seated painful 
affections. 
TINCTURA CARDAMOMI. Tincture of Carda- 
moms. (Cardam. contus. giijss., Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as of the seeds. 

Dose. i"z] to gij or more. 
TINCTURA CARDAMOMI COMPOSITA. Com- 
pound Tincture of Cardamom. (Cardamom gvj, 
Caraway gij, Cinnamon ^v, Raisins ^v, Cochineal 
3j, Dilute Alcohol Oij ss. Bruise. Macerate four- 
teen days.) 






TIN 173 



Aromatic, carminative. 

Dose, fgj to fgij. 
TINCTURA CASTOKEI. Tincture of Castor. 
(Castorei cont. gijss., Spir. Rectificati Oij. Macerate 
for fourteen days.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. In the neuroses, hysteria, and spasmodic af- 
fections. 

Dose, tt^xx to f^ij or more. 
TINCTURA CATECHU. Tincture of Catechu. 
(Catechu giijss., Cinnam. contusi §ijss., Spir. Ten. 
Oij. Macerate for fourteen days.) 

» Astringent. 
Use. In chronic dysentery and diarrhoea ; leu- 
corrhcea, and debilities. 

Dose, fgj to fgij in wine or some bitter infusion. 
TINCTURA CINCHONA. Tincture of Cinchona. 
(Cinchonaa Cordifoliae cont. jf viij, Spir. Ten. Oij ). 
Use. The same as of the bark ; but owing to the 
quantity required to be exhibited to produce the 
effect of cinchona, the infusion^ or decoction is pre- 
ferred. 

Dose, fgj to fgiij. 
TINCTURA CINCHONA COMPOSITA. Com- 
pound Tincture of Cinchona. (Cinchonse Lanei- 
folise cont. ^iv, Aurant. cort. exsiccati ^iij, Ser- 
pentarise cont. gvj, Croci cont. gij, Cocci cont. £j, 
Spirit. Ten. Oij. Macerate for fourteen days, and 
filter.) 

Tonic, antiperiodic, diaphoretic. 
Use. The same as the former ; but it is more 
grateful, and therefore more frequently used in 
dyspepsia, and as an adjunct to disulphate of quinia 
in agues. 

Dose, fgj to f^iij. 
TINCTURA CINNAMOMI. Tincture of Cinna- 



174 TIN 

mon. (Cinnamomi contusi giijss., Spirit Tenuioris 
Oij.) 

Astringent, stomachic. 

Use. As an adjunct to astringent infusions ; in 
chronic diarrhoea and dy sen tery ; in dyspepsia, added 
to bitter infusions. 

Dose, fgj to f^ij. 
TINCTUPvA CINNAMOMI COMPOSITA. Com- 
pound Tincture of Cinnamon. (Cinnam. cont. ^j, 
Cardam. cont. §ss., Piperis Longi cont., Zingiberis 
cont., sing t ^ijss., Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as the simple tincture ; but is more 
cordial, and therefore more useful in languors and 
weakness. 

Dose, fgj to f^ij. 
TINCTUPvA COLCH1CL Tincture of Colchicum. 
(Seminum Colchici Autumnalis g v, Spiritus Tenui- 
oris ft) ij. Macerate for fourteen days, and then 
strain.) 

Use. The same as those of the dried bulb. 

Dose, rr^x to gj. 
TINCTUKA COLCHICI COMPOSITA. Com- 
pound Tincture of Colchicum. (Colchicum Seeds 
^v, Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia Oij [Imperial]. 
Macerate seven days ) 

Dose. 30 drops to fgj. 
TINCTUPvA COLOMBO. Tincture of Calumba. 
(Calumbae concisse ^ iij , Spir. Tenuior. Oij. Ma- 
cerate for fourteen days, and strain.) 

Use. The same as of the root ; but more easily 
borne on the stomach than either the powder or 
the infusion. 

Dose. fgss. to f ^iv. 
TINCTURA CONII. Tincture of Hemlock. (Conii 
Fol. siccat. §v, Cardamomi contus. JJj, Spir. Ten. 
Oij.) 



TIN 175 

Use. The same as that of the leaves and extract. 

Dose, tr^xxx to fgj. 
TINCTURA CUBEB^E. Tincture of Cubebs. (Cu- 
bebae cont. gv, Spiritus Rec. Oij. Macerate for 
fourteen days, and filter.) 

Dose, gj to gij. 
TINCTURA DIGITALIS, Tincture of Foxglove. 
(Digitalis fol. exsiccat. ^iv, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as of the leaves. It is, perhaps, 
the best form under which this powerful remedy 
can be used, and its virtues longest preserved ; but 
it should be made with recently dried leaves. 

Dose, n%x gradually increased to t^xx. 
TINCTURA FERRI CHLORIDL Tincture of Mu- 
riate of Iron. (Eerri Sesquioxidi gvj, Acid Hydro- 
chlorici Oj, Spir. Rectificati Oiij. Add the acid to 
the sesquioxide in a glass vessel, and shake it during 
three days. Add to the spirit and strain.) 

Tonic, antispasmodic. 

Use. Besides the cases for which salts of iron are 
usually employed, this tincture has been found ser- 
viceable in dysury, depending -on spasmodic stric- 
ture of the urethra, in small doses repeated every 
fifteen minutes, till nausea is produced. It is also 
applied as a styptic to bleeding vessels in cancerous 
and loose fungous sores. 

Dose. TT^x gradually increased to fgj. 

hicomp. Alkalies, lime-water, magnesia, and their 
carbonates; astringent vegetable infusions and de- 
coctions ; mucilage of acacia. 
TINCTURA GALL^E. Tincture of Galls. (Gallae 
contrit. gv, Spir. Vini Ten. Oij.) 

Astringent. 

Use. In intestinal hemorrhages, and those of the 
prostate gland, obstinate protracted diarrhoea, and 
dysentery. 



176 TIN 

Dose, fgj to f^ij. 
TINCTURA GALL^E AROMATICI. Aromatic 
Tincture of Galls. (R. Gallas, opt. pulv. § ss -> Cin- 
namomi pulv. gij, Zingiber, pulv. gss., Spts. Vini 
Gall. opt. Oss. M. Stand two hours, burn off the 
brandy, and strain.) 

The credit of this beautiful preparation, which I 
have found of service in entero-colitis, hemorrhoids, 
&c, is due to Dr. Couper, of Newcastle, Delaware. 

Dose. Gtt. xv to gtt. xl, every two to four hours. 
TINCTURA GENTIANS COMPOSITE. Com- 
pound Tincture of Gentian. (Gentiange concisse 
gijss., Aurant. cort. exsiccat. gx ; Cardamomi con- 
tusi gv, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Tonic, stomachic. 

Use. An elegant adjunct to stomachic infusions. 

Dose, f gj to fgij. 
TINCTURA GUAIACI. Tincture of Guaiacum. 
(Guaiaci Res. cont. ^vij, Spir. Rect. Oij.) 

Stimulant, sudorific, laxative. 

Use. In rheumatic and arthritic cases. 

Dose, fgj to fgiij, triturated with mucilage, or 
some viscid substance, as water alone precipitates 
the guaiacum. 
TINCTURA GUAIACI AMMONIATA. Com- 
pound Tincture of Guaiacum. (Guaiaci Resinse 
cont. §vij, Spir. Ammonias Aromat. Oj.) 

Stimulant, sudorific, antispasmodic. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, for which it is more 
particularly adapted than the former preparation. 

Dose, fgss to f gj in milk, or any viscid fluid 

Incomp. Nitrous acid, sweet spirits of nitre, solu- 
tion of chlorine. 
TINCTURA HELLEBORI. Tincture of Black 
Hellebore. (Hellebori concise? gv, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Alterative, emmenagogue, purgative. 



TIN 177 

Use. In uterine obstructions in full plethoric 
habits where chalybeates would be hurtful ; in cu- 
taneous eruptions. 

Dose, f zss. to f 5£j in water twice a day. 
TINCTURA HUMULI. Tincture of Hops. (Humuli 
gv, Spir, Ten. Oij.) 

Tonic, sedative. 

Use. In gout and Eheumatism. 

Dose, f^j to ^iij. 
TINCTURA HYOSCYAMI. Tincture of Henbane. 
(Hyoscyami fol. exsiccat. ^v, 8pir. Ten. Oij.) 

Narcotic, anodyne. 

Use. To produce sleep and quiet in those cases 
for which laudanum is used. It does not affect the 
head nor occasion costiveness. 

Dose, tt^xxx to f ^j. 
TINCTURA IODINII. Tincture of Iodine. (Iodine 
gj, Rectified Spirit fgxvj.) 

Use. The same as that of iodine. 
TINCTURA IODINII COMPOSITA. Compound 
Tincture of Iodine. (Iodinii ^ Potassa Iodidi ^ij, 
Spiritus Rectificati Oij. Dissolve the Iodine and 
filter. Preserve the mixture in a closely stoppered 
vessel.) 

Use. In scrofula, bronchocele, and chlorosis. 

Dose. From ttj?x to "n^xxx, in a little syrup and 
water three times a dav. 
TINCTURA JALAP M. Tincture of Jalap. (Jalapse 
cont. §x, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Cathartic. 

Use. As an adjunct to purgative draughts 

Dose, f^j to fjjij. 
TINCTURA KINO. Tincture of Kino. (Kinocon- 
triti giijss., Spir. Rect. Oij.) 

Astringent. 

12 



178 TIN 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea, dysentery, fluor albus, 
and lientery. 

Dose, f ^j to f 31J. 
TIISCTURA LOBELIA. Tincture of Lobelia. (Lo- 
belia in powder giv, Proof Spirit Ojss.) 

Emetic, diuretic, expectorant. 

Use. For the administration of the lobelia in 
minute doses in spasmodic asthma. 

Dose, ttt^xx to f gj. 
TINCTURA MYRRELE Tincture of Myrrh. 
( Myrrh se eontusse giij, Spir Kect. Oij.) 

Tonic, antiseptic, detergent. 

Use. In the same cases as the powder ; but it is 
chiefly used externally, united to infusion of roses 
and acids, in gargles ; applied to foul ulcers, and 
exfoliating bones ; and as a wash for the mouth 
when the gums are spongy. 

Dose, f zss. to fgj. 
TINCTURA OLE1 MENTHA PIPERITA. Es- 
sence of Peppermint. (Peppermint Oil f gij, Alco- 
hol Oj ) 

Dose. 10 to 20 drops. 
TLNCTURA OPII. Tincture of Opium. (Opii 
Duri contriti §iij, Spir. Ten. Oij.) Nineteen min- 
ims contain one grain of opium. 

Anodyne. 

Use. To allay pain, relax spasms, and to procure 
sleep. Externally this tincture has a considerable 
effect when it is rubbed upon the skin. In fever it 
should be given when moisture begins to appear on 
the skin. 

Dose. TT^x to ^xxx or more. 

Incomp. Liquor ammonia ; potassse, carbonaspo- 
tassas ; sodas; metallic salts; astringent vegetable 
infusions and decoctions. 
TLNCTUKA OPII ACETATA. Acetated Tincture 






TIN 179 

of Opium. (Opium pulv. gij, Vinegar fgxij, Al- 
cohol Oss. Mix the first two, add the alcohol, and 
macerate fourteen days.) 

Dose. Trj£ 10, equal to one gr. opium. 

TINCTUKA OP1I CAMPHORATA. Paregoric 
(Camphoraa ^ijss, Opii Diiri cont., Acidi Benzoica, 
sing. grs. lxxij, Anisi Olei fgj, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 
T. Opii camphorata, f §j contains nearly grs. ij of 
opium. 
Anodyne. 

Use. In catarrh, after the inflammatory S3^mptoms 
are abated, to allay the tickling cough ; chronic 
asthma ; pertussis ; and in cases where quiet rather 
than sleep is required. 

Dose, f gj to f giij at bedtime, to children tr^v to 
trjjxx, in almond mixture. 

TINCTURA QUASSIA. Tincture of Quassia. 
(Ligni Quassise gj, Spir. Yin. Ten. Oij.) 
Tonic. 

Use. As an adjunct to stomachic infusions ; or 
taken diluted with water, in dyspepsia and other 
cases of debility. 
Dose, f 3J to f ^ij. 

TINCTURA RHEI. Tincture of Rhubarb. (Rhu- 
barb powdered §iij, Cardamom Seeds bruised giv, 
Proof Spirit Oij.) 

TINCTURA RHEI ET ALOES. Tincture of Rhu- 
barb and Aloes. (Rad. Rhei Palmati con. gx, 
Aloes Soc. cont. gvj, Sem. Cardamomi cont. §ss., 
Alcohol is Diluti Oij.) 

TINCTURA RHEI ET GENTIANJE. Tincture 
of Rhubarb and Gentian. (Rad. Rhei Palmati cont. 
3 i j , Gentianise Luteae cont. §ss., Alcoholis Diluti 
Oij.) All these tinctures of rhubarb are stomachic 
or purgative, according to the dose of them em- 
ployed. 



180 TIN 

Use. In dyspepsia, debility of the intestines, 
flatulent colic, diarrhoea, and the costiveness of old 
people, or of cold phlegmatic habits. 

Dose, f^j to fgij, as a stomachic; f^iv to f t ^j, 
as a purgative. 
TINCTURA RHEI ET SENNJE. Tincture of 
Rhubarb and Senna. (Rhei gj, Senna 3;ij, Corian- 
der, Fennel, aa^j, Red Saunders gij, Saffron, Liq- 
uorice, aa gss., Raisins \ lb., Dil. Alcohol Oiii. 
Macerate fourteen days.) 

Dose, f gss. to f^ij. 
TINCTURA SANGUINARIJE. Tincture of Blood 
Root. (Sanguinarise contusse ^ij, Alcoholis diluti 
Oj. Digest for ten days, and filter.) 

Use. In the same cases as the powder. 

Dose. From ttj^x to f gss. 
TINCTURA SAPONIS CAMPHORATA. Cam- 
phorated Tincture of Soap. (Castile Soap giv-, 
Camphor ^ij, Oil Rosemary, fgss., Water f^iv, 
Alcohol Oi'j.) 
TINCTURA SCILL^E. Tincture of Squill. (Scillse 
recent, exsiccatse gv, Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Use. The same as of the bulb in substance. 

Dose, rr^x to f gj in almond mixture or mucilage. 
TINCTURA SENNiE ET JALAP^E. Tincture 
of Senna and Jalap. (Senna giij, Jalap gj, Cori- 
ander, Caraway, aagss., Cardamom gij, Dil. Alco- 
hol Oiij. Macerate fourteen days.) 

Dose, f gij to f ^j. 
TINCTURA SERPENTARIJE. Tincture of Snake 
Root. (Serpen tariaB cont. giijss., Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Tonic, stimulant, sudorific. 

Use. United with infusion of cinchona in ty- 
phoid and putrid fevers ; in gout ; and periodic 
headache. 

Dose. fgss. to f^ij. 






TIN 181 

TINCTURA STEAMONIL Tincture of Stramo- 
nium. (Stramonium Seed giv, Dil. Alcohol Oij. 
Macerate fourteen days.) 

Dose, tr^x to ^xx, gradually increased. 
TINCTURA TOLUTANI. Tincture of Balsam of 
Tolu. (Balsami Toluiferse ^jss., Alcoholis fgxvj.) 
Supposed to be expectorant. 

Use. Scarcely ever used except on account of its 
pleasant flavor. The following is an elegant form 
of giving the medicine in obstinate coughs devoid 
of inflammatory symptoms: R. Tincturae Balsami 
Tolutani f^ij, Mucilag. G-ummi Acacise f^j, Aquaa 
Dest. fgivss., Tinct. Camph. Comp. fjjiij, Syr. Tolu- 
tan. fgiij. 

Take two tablespoonfuls occasionally when the 
cough is troublesome. 

Dose. f^ss. to fgi or more. 
TINCTURA VALERIANA. Tincture of Valerian. 
(Valerianae cont. §v,- Spir. Ten. Oij.) 

Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Use. In nervous and spasmodic affections ; but 
it has less efficacy than the powder. 

Dose, fcjss. to fjrj. 
TINCTURA VALERIANAE AMMONIATA. 
Compound Tincture of Valerian. (Valerianae gv, 
Spir. Ammoniae Aromat. Oij.) 

Use. The same as the former ; but, on account of 
the ammonia, this is more useful in hysteria. 

Dose. f^ss. to fgij in milk or some bland fluid. 
TINCTURA ZINGIBERIS. Tincture of Ginger. 
(Zingiberis concisi §ijss., Spir Ten. Oij.) 

Stimulant, carminative. 

Use. In atonic gout, when it attacks the stomach ; 
flatulencies ; and as a corrigent to griping purga- 
tives. 

Dose. f£j to gi ij. 



182 T It I 

TORMENTILLA. Tormentil Root. (Potentilla tor- 
mentilla. ) 

Astringent. 

Use In the same cases as other astringents ; but 
as it does not increase the heat of the body, tor- 
mentil is preferred in phthisical diarrhoea. 

Dose. G-rs. x to gj of the powder; or f^ij of the 
following decoction: R. Pulv. Tormentillse ^j, 
Aq. Purse Oj, decoque ad f^xij et cola. 
TOXICODENDRON. Poison-oak. (Rhus toxico- 
dendron. ) 

Stimulant and narcotic ; an acrid narcotic poison. 

Use. In paralytic affections and hepatic erup- 
tions; but in the former its efficacy is doubtful; 
also in dropsy and phthisis. 

Dose. G-rs. ss. to grs. iv, twice or thrice a day. 
TRAGACANTHA, Tragacanth. (Astragalus verus.) 

Demulcent. 

Use. Small quantities held in the mouth, and 
swallowed very slowly, sheathe the fauces and allay 
tickling cough ; but it is chiefly used for pharma- 
ceutical purposes, to -suspend heavy, insoluble pow- 
ders, and to impart consistency to troches. 

Dose. Grs. x to gj. 

Incomp. Cupri sulphas, plumbi acetas, and sul- 
phas ferri, precipitate its mucilage. 
TRIFOLIUM PRATENSE. Red Clover. 

Recommended in cancerous ulcers. 
TRILLIUM PENDULUM. Bethroot. 

Astringent, tonic, antiseptic. 

Dose. %) of powdered root, ^j to ^ii] fluid ext. 
TRIOSTEUM PERFOLIATUM. Fever Root. 

Cathartic, emetic, and diuretic. 

Use. In the commencement of fevers. 

Dose. 9J to gss. of the powder acts as a cathartic ; 



TRO 183 

of the extract, grs. x to Qj. It may be given with 
advantage, combined with calomel. 
TROCHISCI ACACIA. Gum Troches. (Acacia 
giv, Amyli gj, Sacch. Pur. lb. j. Make up the 
troches with rose-water.) 
Demulcent. 

Use. For allaying tickling cough. 
Dose. Two or more, ad libitum. 
TROCHISCI CRETA Lozenges of Chalk. (Cretae 
Praepar. giv, Acacias gj, Nuces Myrist. £j, Sacch. 
Pur. 3 vj. Rub them together, and form them into 
troches with water.) 
Antacid, absorbent. 

Use. Against acidity of the stomach ; cardialgia. 
Dose. Two, three, or more occasionally. 
TROCHISCI GLYC YRRHIZ A ET OPII. Troches 
of Liquorice and Opium. (Take of Opium in pow- 
der §ss., Liquorice in powder, Sugar in powder, 
Gum Arabic in powder, each ^x, Oil of Anise spj. 
Mix the powders intimately ; then add the oil of 
Anise, and with water form them into a mass, to be 
divided into lozenges, each weighing six grains.) 
TROCHISCI IPECACUANHA. Troches of Ipe- 
cacuanha. (R. Of Ipecac, in powder §ss., Sugar 
in powder §xiv, Arrowroot §iv, Mucil. of Traga- 
canth. q. s. Mix intimately, and make into troches 
of ten grains each.) 
TROCHISCI MAGNESIA. (Magnesia Lozenges. 
Carb. of Magnesia §vj, Pure Sugar, giij, Nutmeg 

9j.) 

Antacid. 

Use. In cardialgia and atonic dvspepsia. 

TROCHISCI MENTHA PIPERITA. Troches 

of Peppermint. (Take of Oil of Peppermint fjj, 

Sugar in powder, fbj , Mucil. Tragacanth . q. s. Rub 

the oil of peppermint with the sugar till they are 



184 U N G 

thoroughly mixed ; then with the mucilage form 
them into a mass, to be divided into troches, each 
weighing ten grains.) 
TROCHISCI MORPHINE ET IPECACUANHA. 
Morphia and Ipecacuanha Lozenges. (Mur. of 
Morphia £)j, Ipecacuanaha in powder, gj, Tinct. 
Tolu fgss., Pure Sugar, gxxv. Make into lozenges 
weighing fifteen grains each.) 

Use. A substitute for Dover's powder. 
TUSSILAGO. Coltsfoot. S {T. farfara.) 
Demulcent, expectorant. 

Use. In cough, phthisis, other pulmonary com- 
plaints, and cutaneous diseases. 

Dose. gss. to ^j in milk. It is more generally 
given in decoction, made with a handful of the 
leaves boiled in two pints of water to one pint; 
strained and sweetened with syrup ; the dose, a tea- 
cupful occasionally. 
TJLMUS. The inner bark of elm. (U. fulva.) 

Tonic, alterative, diuretic, demulcent, nutritious. 
Use. In lepra and other cutaneous affections ; 
diarrhoea, dysentery, diseases of the urinary organs. 
Externally as an emollient. 
Dose. Of decoction giv to gvj. 
TJNGUENTUM ANTIMON1I. Ointment of Po- 
tassio-Tartrate of Antimony. (Antimonii Potassio- 
Tartratis in pulv. tritse gj, Adipis giv. Mix.) 

As a topical stimulant, to cause a pustular erup- 
tion on the skin, and produce counter-irritation. 

Use. In internal inflammations and rheumatism 
of the joints. 
UNGUENTUM AQU^E ROSJE. Ointment of Rose- 
Water. (Take Rose- Water, Oil of Almonds, each 
fgij, Spermaceti ^ss., White Wax gj. Melt to- 
gether by means of a water-bath, tbe oil, sperma- 



; 






UNG 185 

ceti, and wax ; then add the rose-water, and stir 
the mixture till cold.) 

UNGUENTUM CANTHARIDIS. Ointment of 
Cantharides. (Cantharidis pulveris subtil, gj, Ce- 
rati Resini giv, Aquse Destillata f^iv. Boil the 
cantharides in the water to one-half, then mix the 
cerate in the strained fluid, and evaporate.) 
Irritant. 
Use. To keep open issues and blisters. 

UNGUENTUM BELLADONNA. Ointment of 
Belladonna. (Ext. Bellad. ^j, Lard gj.) 

UNGUENTUM CREASOTL Ointment of Crea- 
sote. (Creasoti gss., Lard ^j. Rub and mix.) 
Stimulant. 

Use. As a counter-irritant, and as an application 
in porrigo scutulata. 

UNGUENTUM CUPRI SUBACETATIS. Oint- 
ment of Subacetate of Copper. (R. Subacetatis 
Cupri gj, Cerat. Sim pi. gxv. Mix.) 

UNGUENTUM GALLA Ointment of Galls. 
(3J °^ powdered Galls with ^vij of Lard.) 
Use. An application in piles. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI. Ointment of 
Mercury. (Hydrargyri lb.ij, Adipis Ovis Arietis 
^j, Adipis ^xxiij.) gij contain ^j of mercury. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. 
Ointment of Nitrate of Mercury. Citrine Ointment. 
(Hydrargyri gj, Acidi Nitrici, fgxj, Adipis gvj 
Olivae Olei f^iv. Dissolve the mercurv in the 
acid : and to the liquor, while it is hot, add the fat 
and oil melted together.) 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI OXIDI RUBRI. 
Red Precipitate Ointment. (Red Precipitate in 
very fine powder £j, Simple Ointment %]. Mix 
well.) 



186 U N G 

Use. In indolent ulcers, porrigo, chronic ophthal- 
mia, &c. 

UNGUENTUM IODINII. Ointment of Iodine. 
(Iodine grs. xx, Alcohol ^xx, Lard gj. Rub the 
Iodine first with the Alcohol, then with the Lard.) 

UNGUENTUM IODINII COMPOSITUM. Com- 
pound Ointment of Iodine. (Iodinii^ss., Potassii 
Iodidi 3J, Spir. Rect. f^j, Adipis gij. Rub the 
iodide and iodine with the spirit, and then add the 
lard. Rub together into an ointment.) 

Use. As an application to scrofulous tumors and 
bronchocele. 

UNGUENTUM MEZEREI. Ointment of Meze- 
reon. (Mezereon sliced transversely §iv, Lard 
gxiv, "White Wax, gij. Moisten the Mezereon with 
Alcohol, beat well in a mortar, digest with the lard 
in a salt-water bath twelve hours, strain, and let it 
cool slowly. Separate the medicated lard, and melt 
with the wax at a moderate heat.) 

UNGUENTUM PIOIS LIQUIDS. Tar Oint- 
ment. (Tar, Suet, aalbj. Melt and strain through 
linen.) 

Stimulant, detergent. 
Use. Against lepra and other cutaneous, scabby, 
and foul eruptions. 

UNGUENTUM PLUMBI CARBONATIS. Oint- 
ment of Carbonate of Lead. (Plumbi Carbonatis, 
in pulverem subtillissimum redacti gv, Unguenti 
Simplicis gv, Acet. Plumb, gij, Ung. Simp. lb.j. 
Mix. Make into an ointment.) 
Use. In burns and irritable sores. 

UNGUENTUM SIMPLEX. Simple Ointment, 
(Olei Olivaa Europse partes v, Cerse Albse partes ij.) 
Emollient. 

Use. For softpning the skin and healing chaps. 

UNGUENTUM STRAMONII. Ointment of Stra- 



UNG 187 

monium. (R. Fol. Stramonii [recent] lb.j, Adipis 
lb.iij, Cerse Flavse lb.ss. Boil the Stramonium 
leaves in the lard till they become friable ; then 
strain through linen. Lastly, add the wax, previ- 
ously melted, and stir them until they are cold.) 

UNGUENTUM SULPHUKIS. Sulphur Ointment. 
(Sulphuris giij, Adipis Prsep. lb.ss., Bergami Olei 
rr^xx. Mix.) 
Stimulant. 

Use. In itch ; the fourth part of the body should 
be well rubbed with the ointment every night, till 
the symptoms disappear. Sulphur should be taken 
internally at the same time When the smell is ob- 
jected to, the following may be used: Potassre Sub- 
carb. giv, Aquse Rosse Jj, Hydrarg. Sulph. Eubri 
£j,01. Lavand. fjss., Sulph. Sublimati t ^xj, Adipis 
lbjss. Misce. 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS COMPOSITUM. 
Compound Sulphur Ointment. (Sulphuris lb.ss., 
Yeratri cont. gij, Potassae Nitratis gj, Saponis 
Mollis lb.ss., Adipis Ib.jss., Bergami Olei t^xxx. 
Mix.) 

Use. The same as the former. It is more stimu- 
lant. 

UNGUENTUM SULPHURIS IODIDI. Iodide 
of Sulphur Ointment. (Iodide gss., Lard gj.) 
Use. In chronic cutaneous eruptions. 

UNGUENTUM VERATRI. Ointment of White 
Hellebore. (Yeratri contriti gij, Adipis §viij, 
Limonis Olei ^xx.) 
Stimulant. 
Use. In scabies and other cutaneous affections. 

UNGUENTUM ZINCI. Ointment of Oxide of 
Zinc. (Zinci Oxydi gj, Adipis §vj.) 
Astringent, stimulant. 



188 VER 

Use. In ophthalmia, acrid scabby eruptions, and 
excoriated nipples. 
UVA PASSA. Raisins. 

Laxative. 
UVA URST. Leaves of Bear's "Whortleberry. Red- 
berried Trailing "Whortleberry. [Arctostaphylos 
uva ursi. ) 

Tonic. 

Use. In chronic diarrhoea and dysentery ; leucor- 
rhcea, and diabetes. It has been celebrated in cal- 
culous and nephritic complaints ; but it appears to 
act in the same manner as other astringents, by 
merely allaying the pain and irritability of the 
bladder. In Phthisis ? 

Dose. Of the powder, grs. xv to gss. 

Incomp. Salts of iron, tartar emetic, nitrate of 
silver, salts of lead, infusion of yellow cinchona 
bark. 
VALERIANA. Valerian Root. (V. officinalis.) 

Antispasmodic, tonic, emmenagogue. 

Use. Hysteria, epilepsy, hemicrania, chlorosis. 

Dose. Of the powder Qj to gj three or four times 
a day, increasing it as far as the stomach can bear it. 

Incomp. Salts of iron. 
VERATRIA. Veratria. An alkali prepared from 
Sabadilla. 

A powerful topical excitant. 

Use. Externally applied as an ointment in neu- 
ralgia, and in gouty and rheumatic paralysis. 

Dose. Not more than one-twelfth of a grain. 
VERATRUM ALBUM. White Hellebore Root. 

Violently emetic ; purgative, even when applied 
externally to an issue ; errhine ; externally stimu- 
lant. 

Use. It is never given internally, unless in ma- 
niacal cases, in which it is not more useful than 



VIN 189 

other strong purges ; and even its use to promote a 
discharge from the nose in apoplexy and lethargy 
requires great caution. For its external use, see 
Ointment. 

Dose. As an errhine, grs. iij or grs. iv, snuffed at 
bedtime. 
VERATRUM VIRIDE. American Hellebore. 

Slightly acrid, sedative, emetic, diaphoretic. 

Use. It is an arterial sedative, in fevers, pneu- 
monia, &c. 

Dose. Of the tincture it£ij to T^v, repeated every 
hour or so, and watched till its effects appear on the 

t pulse. The fluid extract is, perhaps, the preferable 
form. 
ERBASCUM THAPSUS. Mullein. 
Demulcent, emollient, anodyne. An infusion 
used in mild catarrhs. 
ERBENA OFFICINALIS. Yervain. 
Formerly of repute in scrofula. 
IOLA. Violet. ( V. pedata.) 

Mucilaginous. Slightly laxative. 
VINXJM ALOES. Wine of Aloes. (Aloes in pulv. 
tritse Jij, Canellse cont. giv, Vini Xerici Oij. Ma- 
cerate fourteen days, shake often, and strain.) 
Purgative, stomachic, according to the dose. 
Use. In cold, phlegmatic habits, in paralysis, 
and gout, to clear the bowels; in dyspepsia and 
chlorosis. 

Dose, fjjj to fgij to produce purging ; fgj to fjij, 
as a stomachic. 
VINUM ANTIMONII. Solution of Tartarized 
, Antimony. (Antimonii Tart. Qj, Vini Xerici gx. 
Dissolve the tartarized antimony in the wine.) 
fgj contains grs. ij of tartarized antimony. 
Emetic in large doses; diaphoretic. 
Use. To produce vomiting in children ; in febrile 



190 VIN 

and inflammatory diseases after purging, to produce 
sweat, without heating; contraindicated in low 
fevers. 

Dose. fgss. to fgj , or a teaspoonful every five min- 
utes, produces full vomiting ; tr^x to fgss. every two 
or three hours, in any proper vehicle, excites dia- 
phoresis. 

Incomp. Preparations of cinchona, and bitter 
astringent vegetables, &c. Vide Antimonii Potas- 
sio-Tartras. 
VINUM COLCHICI KADICIS. Wine of Colchi- 
cum Root. (1J. Colchici Cormi gviij, Vini Xerici 
Oij. Macerate for fourteen days, and strain.) 

Diuretic, sedative, purgative. 

Use. In gout, rheumatism, and all inflammatory 
affections. 

Dose. From njjxxx to fgj, in any mild fluid. 
VINUM ERGOTJE. Wine of Ergot. (Ergot, 
bruised, gij, Sherry Wine Oj. Macerate 14 days.) 

Dose. In labor, f^ij to f^iij. 
VINUM IPECACUANHA Wine of Ipecacuanha. 
(Ipecacuanha concisse gijss. , Vini Xerici Oij.) 

Emetic, diaphoretic. 

Use. A good emetic for infants, as it operates 
more mildly than the antimonial wine : in coughs, 
diarrhoea, dysentery, and hemorrhages. 

Dose, for the former intention, fgiv to fgx in 
divided doses ; for the latter, tr^x to tt^xxx in some 
proper vehicle, every two or three hours. 
VINUM OPII. Wine of Opium. (Extracti Opii 
gijss., Cinnam. Cort. cont., Caryophylli cont. sing, 
gijss., Vini Xerici Oij.) 

Narcotic, anodyne. 

Use. In the same cases in which tincture of opium 
is used ; but it occasions less disturbance of the 
brain and nervous system ; and is therefore better 



XAN 191 

suited for very young patients, nervous habits, and 
where the head is much affected. 

Dose. Ti£x to f^j. 
YINUM RHEI. Rhubarb Wine. (Rad. Rhei con- 
cise gij, Canellse pulv. gj, Alcoholis Diluti gijss., 
Yini Albi Hispani ^xvjss.) 

Laxative, stimulant. 

Use. In weakness of the stomach and bowels ; 
and in diarrhoea from viscid mucus. 

Dose, f^iv to f^ss. 
YINUM XEEICtJM. Spanish White Wine, or 
Sherry. 

When good, and of a proper age, wine, in small 
quantities, is tonic, antispasmodic, and nutritive ; 
when new, flatulent, and purgative, sooner intoxi- 
cating, and, instead of strengthening, produces de- 
bility.' 

Use. In the low and sinking stages of typhus fever, 
the judicious exhibition of it fills the pulse, and re- 
stores its firmness, without increasing delirium ; but 
it is hurtful if given when the skin is very hot and 
dry. It is useful also in tetanus, chorea, and some 
other convulsive affections ; and in most cases in 
which tonics are indicated. In convalescence from 
all severe diseases it is a remedy on which much 
dependence used to be placed ; much less used at 
present. Hock is the best wine for dyspeptics. 

Dose, fgij to Oiij in twenty-four hours, accord- 
ing to the nature of the disease and the previous 
habits of the patient. 
WINTERA AROMATICA. Winter's Bark. 

Carminative, tonic. 

Use. As an adjunct to stomachic infusions, in 
dvspepsia, and scorbutus. 
XANTHORRHIZA. Yellow Root. (X apiifolia.) 

Tonic. 



192 ZIN 

Use. In all cases where a pure tonic is indicated, 
Its properties are analogous to those of columbo 

and quassia. 
XANTHOXYLUM. Prickly Ash. (X. fraxineum.) 

Stimulant, diaphoretic, resembling mezereon and 
guaiac. 

Use. In chronic rheumatism, and as a topical 
remedy for toothache. 

Dose. Of the powder from grs. x to gss. ; of the 
infusion, from f^j to f^iij, three or four times in 
twenty-four hours ; or of the decoction, made by 
boiling gj of the bark in Oij of water for fifteen 
minutes, f^iv to f 5 viij every three or four hours. 
ZIJSTCI ACETAS. 

Use. As an astringent collyrium, and as an in- 
jection in gonorrhoea. 

Dose. Gr. j to ij to f^j water. 
ZINCI CARBONAS PR^ECIPITATUS. Precipi- 
tated Carbonate of Zinc. 

Use. Same as Calamine. 
ZINCI CHLORIDUM. Chloride of Zinc. 

Use. As an alterative and antispasmodic in scrof- 
ula, epilepsy, &c. As an escharotic in scirrhous 
tumors, &c. 

Dose. 4 to 8 drops of ethereal tincture (^ss. to 

ZINCI IODIDUM. Iodide of Zinc. 

A solution of 10 to 30 grs. to f^j of water has 
been applied with advantage to enlarged tonsils. 
ZINCI OXYDUM. Oxide of Zinc. 

Tonic, antispasmodic, externally detergent, ex- 
siccative. 

Use. In epilepsy, chorea, and other spasmodic 
affections. For its external use, see Ung. Zinci. 
Dose. Gr. j to vj twice a day. 



ZIN 193 

ZINOI SULPHAS. Sulphate of Zinc. 

Emetic, tonic, antispasmodic, externally astrin- 
gent. 

Use. As it operates very quickly, it is used, com- 
bined with infusion of ipecacuanha, to empty the 
stomach in the commencement of the cold stage 
of the intermittent paroxysm ; and in other'cases 
where immediate vomiting is required. As a tonic, 
it is useful in phthisis, dyspepsia, and nervous af- 
fections. Externally in collyria, in ophthalmia, 
after the inflammatory action has subsided ; in in- 
jections, in gonorrhoea; and as a lotion in external 
inflammations, and to stop inordinate discharge. 

Dose. Grs. x to gss., to produce vomiting; as a 
tonic, gr. j to grs. ij, twice or thrice a day. 

Incomp. Alkalies, earths, sesquicarb. ammonia, 

^hydrosulphurets, lime-water, astringent vegetable 
infusions, milk. 
IJSTGIBER. Ginger Root- (Z. officinale.) 
Carminative, stimulant, sialagogue. 
Use. In gout, flatulent colic^dyspepsia, and tym- 
panitis ; as an adjunct to griping purgatives; less 
heating than pepper. 

Dose. Grs. x to Qj ; an overdose is apt to induce 
"spasmodic stricture. 



13 



194 



VII. 



PHARMACEUTICAL ARRANGEMENT OF 
THE MATERIA MEDICA. 



I.— INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

MINERAL ACIDS — TONICS AND ASTRINGENTS. 

Acidum Carbonicum (see Aq. Medicata). 

Muriaticum, H CI, -|- water. Dose Tt£ 3 to 5. 
" dilutum. 1 pt. to 3 of water. 

Dose n£ 15 to 40. 
Nitricum. HO,N0 5 +3HO. Dose v% 1 to 4. 
Nitroso-nitricum. HO,N0 5 -f-N0 4 . Dose 

ttJ2 1 to 4. 
Nitricum dilutum. 1 to 6 pts. water. Dose 

v% 15 to 40 
Nitro-muriaticum. 1 pt. Nit. 2 Mur. Acid. 

Dose v)i 3 to 5. 
Sulphuricum. HO,S0 3 . Dose T»g 1 to 2. 
" dilutum. 1 pt. to 13 water. 

Dose tie 15 to 40. 
" Aromaticum — Alcoholic and 

Aromatic. Dose ff£ 15 to 30. 
Phosphoricum (glacial), HO,P0 5 . Solid. 

" dilutum. 1 pt. to 10 water. 

Dose tt^ 15 to 40. 

THE ALKALIES AND THEIR SALTS. 

Group 1. 

Potash. From lye of wood ashes. 
Potassse Carbonas Impurus. (Pearlash.) 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 195 

Sal*ratus. 2KO,3C0 2 . 

Potass* Carbonas. KO,C0 2 ,3HO. 

Liquor Potass* Carbonas. ^xij to f^xij water. An- 

tilithic antacid. Dose Jtjf 10 to f^j. 
Potass* Bicarbonas. KO,2C0 2 ,HO. 
Liquor Potass*. Boiling Garb, with Hydrate of Lime. 

Antacid. Dose tr^ 5 to f^ss. 
Potassa. KO,HO. Caustic Potash. Escharotic. 

" cum Calce, Milder escharotic. 

Potass* Acetas. KO,Ac. Diuretic, Grs. 10 to ^ij. 
" Citras. KO,Ci. Refrigerant, diaphoretic. 

Dose 9j to gss. 
" Chloras. KO,C10 5 . Refrigerant, diuretic. 
Dose grs. 10 to g'ss. 

Group 2. 
Sodii Chloridum, NaCl. (Common Salt.) 
Sod* Sulphas. NaO,SO 3 +10HO. Cathartic. Dose 
gss. to gj. 
" Carbonas. ]STaO,CO 2 +10HO. (Sal. Soda.) 
" Carbonas Exsiccatus. ~EaO,C0 2 . Antacid. 

Dose grs. 5 to 15. 
11 Bicarbonas. NaO,2C0 2 +HO. Antacid. 

Dose 9j to gj. 
" Phosphas. 2NaO,HO,P0 5 +24HO. Cathar- 
tic, diuretic. Dose gij to t ^j. 
Liquor Sod* Chlorinat*. Labarraque's Disinfectant. 
Sod* Acetas. NaO,Ac-f 6HO. Used in preparing 
Acetic Acid. 
" Yalerianas. NaO,Va. For preparing other 
valerianates. 

Group 3. 
Crude Argols or Tartar. From wine casks. 

( KO,HO,T (cream of tartar). 
Potass* Bitartras. J Purified by recrystallization. 

( Dose gss. to 5J. 



196 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

Sodse et Pot. Tartras. KO,NaOT+8HO. Cathartic. 

Dose^ij to §j. 
Potassse Tartras. 2KO,2T. Dose 3J to gj. 

Group 4. 
Potassse Nitras. KO,N0 5 . Sedative, diuretic. Dose 

grs. v to 5j. 
Sal prunelle — fused saltpetre. 

Potassae Sulphas. KO,S0 3 . Cathartic. Dose^jto^ij. 
Sodse Boras. NaO,2BO 3 -f-10HO. Used in gargles, &c. 

Group 5. 

Ammonise Murias. NH 3 ,HC1. Stimulant, expecto- 
rant. Dose grs. 5 to 20. 
Liquor Ammonise — aqueous sol. of ammonia. 
Spiritus " alcoholic " " ( *% 10 to 30 

\ largely dil. 
" u aromaticus u with aromatics. 

Dose ti^ 20 to fgj. 
Ammoniaa Carbonas. 2NH 4 0,3C0 2 -r-2HO. Stimu- 
lant, antacid. Dose grs. 5. 
Liquor Ammon. Acetatis. (Spts. of Mindererus.) 
Diaphoretic. Dose fgj to f§ss. 

PREPARATIONS OP EARTHS. 

1. Lime. 
Creta Preparata. CaO,C0 2 . Antacid. Dose grs. 10 

to 3J 
Calcis Carb. Prgecipitata — same as above, but more 

elegant. 
Liquor Calcis — Lime-water. Antacid. Dose f^ ss - to 

f-fij. in milk. 
Calcii Chloridum. CaCl. 
Liquor Calcii Chloridii, 1 pt. CaCl in 2.5. Deobstru- 

ent Dose n% 30 to fgj. 
Calx Chlorinata. CaO,C10-f CaCl. Chloride of Lime. 






INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 197 

Calcis Phosphas. 3CaO,P0 5 . Antiscrofulitic. Dose 
grs. 10 to gss. 

Syrupus Ferri Phosphatis Comp. Syrup of the phos- 
phates. Dose a teaspoonful. 

2. Magnesia. 

Magnesiae Sulphas. MgO,S0 3 -L-7HO. Cathartic. Dose 
gss. to ^j. 
« Carbonas. 4MgO,C0 2 ,HO,MgO,2HO. Ant- 
acid. Dose ^j to 5J. 
fi Bicarbonas. (Soluble Magnesia.) 
Magnesia. MgO. By calcining the Carb. Cathartic. 

Dose gj. 
Liquor Magnes. Citratis. Dose §j of salt in fjxij 
bottle. 

3. Baryta. 

Liquor Barii Chloridi. gj to f gviij water. Deobstru- 
ent. Dose gtt. 5. 

4. Alumina. 

Alumen. KO,S0 3 ,+Al 2 3 ,3S0 3 +24HO. Astrin- 
gent, &c. 
" Exsiccatum. (Burnt Alum.) Used externally. 

NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS. 

1. Iodine. 

Iodinium. I. Alterative. 

Potassii Iodidum. KI. Alterative. Dose grs. 2 to 5. 

Tinct. Iodinii. £ss. to fgj Alcohol. Used externally. 

" " Comp. I, grs. 15. KI. gss. tofgj. 

Dose tt^15 to 30. 
Liquor " I, grs. 22J. KI gr. 45tofgj. Lugol's 

Solution. Dose ttj^IO to 20. 






198 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

2. Bromine. 

Brominum. Br. Obtained from bittern at Salt "Works. 
Potassii Broraidum. Alterative. Dose grs. 5 to 10. 
Liquor Ferri Bromidi. Solution in excess. Altera- 
tive. Dose nj? 5 to 10. 

3. Sulphur. 

Sulphur. S. sublimed. Alterative, laxative. Dose 
grs. 10 to gij. 
" praecipitatum. Alterative, laxative. Dose 

5 ! J to 3 H J- 
Sulphuris Iodidum. IS 2 . In ointment. 

METALLIC ELEMENTS. 

1. Iron. (Ferrum.) 
Ferri Pulvis. Fe. (Quevenne's Iron by Hydrogen.) 
Dose gr. j to iij. 
" Sulphas. FeO, S0 3 +7HO. Haematic, astringent, 

Dose grs. 3 to 5. 
" Subcarbonas. Fe 2 3 ,2HO+FeO,C0 2 . Dose 

grs. 5to9J. 
" Phosphas. In Amennorrhoea, &c. Dose grs 
5 to 10. 
Tinct. Ferri Chloridi. 32 grs. Fe 2 ,Cl 3 in fgj alcohol 

Astringent. Dose rr% 10 to 30. 
Ferrum Ammoniatum. Deobstruent. Dose grs. 4tol( 
Liquor Ferri per Sulphatis. Fe 2 3 ,3S0 3 -f-Aq. 
Ferri Oxidum Hydratum. Fe 2 3 ,3HO. By adding 
Ammonia to the above. 
" Citras. Fe 2 3 ,Ci. Dose grs. 3 to 5. 
" et Quiniae Citras. Dose grs. 2 to 5. 
" Lactas. FeO,L,3HO. In Chlorosis. Dose grs. 

j to iij. 
" et Potassae Tartras. Fe 2 3 ,KO,T. Dose grs. 
10 to 20. 



INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 199 

Ferri Ferrocyanuretum. 3Cfy,4Fe. Sedative, tonic. 

Dose grs. 5 to 15. 
Liquor Ferri Nitratis. Fe 2 3 ,3N0 5 +Aq. Astringent. 

Dose Ti£5 to 15. 
Ferri Iodidum. Fel. Decomposes. Dose grs. j. to ij. 
Liquor Ferri Iodidum. Fel. Grs. vij to gj Syrup. 

Dose v% 20 to 40. 
Ferri Bromidum. FeBr. Tonic, alterative. Dose 
grs. 2 to 5. 
" Yalerianas. Fe 2 3 , 3Ya. In Hysteria, &c. 
Dose gr. j. 

2. Manganese. 
Manganesia? Sulphas. MnO,S0 3 ,7HO. Tonic, cath. 
Dose grs. 5 to gij. 
" Carbonas. 2MnO,C0 2 +HO. Dose grs. 5. 
Syrupus Manganesii Iodidi. gj Mn I to fgj. Dose 
ttj? 10. 

3 Copper. 
Cupri Sulphas. CuO,S0 3 4-5HO. Tonic, astringent, 

&c. Dose gr. J to 5. 
Cuprum Ammoniatum. CuO,S0 3 -j-2NH 3 HO. An- 

tispasm. Dose gr. ^. 
Cupri Subacetas. 2CuO,Ac+6HO. Escharotic. 

4. Zinc. 
Calamina Preparata. (Carbonate.) ZnO,C0 2 . 
Zinci Sulphas. ZnO,S0 3 +7HO. Tonic, J gr. to ij ; 
Emetic 10 grs. 
11 Carbonas Prsecipitatus. "Used in Cerate. 
u Oxidum. ZnO. Tonic, astringent, desiccant. 
" Acetas. ZnO, Ac. Astringent ; used in Col- 

lyria and Injection. 
" Chloridum. ZnCl. Escharotic, antiseptic. 
" Cyanuretum. ZnCy. In Epilepsy, Chorea, 
&c. Dose gr. J to j. 

" Yalerianas. ZnO,Ya. In nervous affections. 
Dose grs. j to ij. 



200 INORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

5. Lead. 
Plumbi Oxidum Semivitreum. PbO. Litharge. 

" Acetas. PbO, Ac,3HO. Sedative, astrin- 
gent. Dose grs. \ to iij. 
Liquor Plumbi Subaeetatis. (Goulard's Extract.) 
Plumbi Carbonas. PbO,C0 2 . Used externally. 
" Nitras. PbO,N0 5 . Disinfectant. 
11 Iodidum. Pbl. In resolvent ointment. 

6. Silver. 
Argenti Nitras. AgO,N0 5 . (Crystals.) Alterative. 
Dose gr. \ to j. 
" Nitras fusus (sticks). Lunar Caustic. 
" Oxidum. AgO ; a substitute for the Nitrate. 
Dose gr. \ to ij. 

7. Bismuth. 
Bismuthi Subnitras. Bi0 3 ,N0 5 . Tonic, antispasm. 

8. Antimony. 

Antimonii Sulphuretum. SbS 3 , Horse medicine. 
" Sulphuretum Prsecipitatum. Sb0 3 -[-5Sb, 

S 3 -|-16HO. Alterative. Dose gr. j to 
iij. 
« et Potassse Tartras. Sb0 3 ,K0T,+3H0 
Emetic, grs. ij. Diaphoretic and expec 
torant, gr. \ to \. Sedative, \ to j gr. 
Vinum Antimonii. Grs. ij to f gj white wine. Dose 

gtt. x to fgj. 
Pulvis Antimonialis. (James's powder.) Alterative, 
diaphoretic. Dose gr. iij to x. 

9. Arsenic. 

Acidum Arseniosum. As0 3 . (White Arsenic.) 
Liquor Potassae Arsenitis. As0 3 ,KO,C0 2 , 64 grs. 
each to Oj — grs. iv As0 3 to f gj. (Fowler's Solu- 
tion.) Dose tt£ 3 to 15. 



- 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 



201 






Arsenici Iodidum. Asl 3 . 

Liquor Hydrargyri et Arsenici Iodidum. AsI 3 -j-HgI, 
each, 70 grs. to Oj. (Donovan's Solution.) Dose 
t»K 5 to 20. 

10. Mercury. 
Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. HgCl. Altera- 
tive. Dose gr. T ^ to J. 
11 Chloridum Mite. Hg 2 Cl. Cathartic and 

alterative. Dose T V to 20 grains. 
" Sulphas Flavus. 3HgO,2S0 3 . Emetic. 

Dose 3 grs. 
" Iodidum Kubrum Hgl. Alterative. Dose 

T6 t0 i S r - 

u Iodidum. Hg 2 I. Yiride. Alterative. 

Dose J to 1 gr. 

u Sulphuretum Kubrum. HgS. Alterative, 

fumigations. 

" Sulphuretum Nigrum. Hg 2 S. Mild al- 

terative. Dose grs. 5 to ^j. 

u Oxidum Kubrum. HgO. Stimulant, 

external. 

" Oxidum Nigrum. Hg 2 0. Alterative. 

Dose J to 3 grs. 

" Cyanuretum. HgCy. Alterative. Dose 

tV t0 i g r - 
ydrargyrum Ammoniatum. Hg 2 Cl,NH 2 . External. 

" cum Creta. 3Hg+5,CaO,C0 2 . Ant- 

acid alterative. Dose ^ to 3 grs. 



II. ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

LIGNIN AND ITS DERIVATIVES. 

jignin or Cellulose. C 24 H 20 O 20 . (Gossypium, cotton.) 
Jollodium. Ethereal Solution of prepared cotton — 
Artificial cuticle. 



202 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

Carbo Ligni (Carbo animalis similar). Charcoal. 

Dose 1 or 2 teaspoonfuls. 
Acidum Aceticum. (Dilutum in 1 pt. to 7 of water.) 
Spiritus Pyroxylicus. C 2 H 4 2 . (Wood Naphtha ) 

Sedative. Dose 10 to 40 drops. 
Creasotum. C u H 8 2 . Internally to check nausea. 

Dose gtt. j. 

FARINACEOUS, MUCILAGINOUS, AND SACCHARINE 
MEDICINES. 

1. Fecula. — Amylum (starch), Canna (tons le mois), 

Maranta (arrowroot), Sago, Florida arrow- 
root, Tapioca. 

2. Gums. — Acacia, Mezquite gum, Salep, Tragacan- 

tha. 

3. Sugars. — Saccharum, Saccharum candium (rock 

candy), Lactin (sugar of milk), Treacle (mo- 
lasses), Mel (honey), Manna, Extractum gly- 
cyrrhizse (liquorice). 

PROTEIN AND SIMILAR PRINCIPLES. 

Eel Bovinum. (Inspissated ox-gall.) Laxative. Dose 

grs. 5 to l l 0. 
Ichthyocolla (Gelatin) — as dietetic and in plaster. 

ALCOHOL AND ETHERS. 

Alcohol. C 4 H 5 0,HO. The standard has sp. gravity 
.835. Of this, brandy has 55 per cent., Irish "Whis- 
key 52, Rum has 53, Gin 51, strong Port Wine 25, 
weak Port 19, Currant Wine 20, Madeira 24, Sherry 
19, Claret 12 to 17, Hock 12, Champagne 12, Cider 
5 to 9, Ale 6 to 8, Porter 4 to 6 per cent. 

^Ether. C^H^O. Best AnaBsthetic 1 pt. Ether, 2 of 
Chloroform. 

Spiritus JEtheris Compositus. (Hoffman's Anodyne.) 
Dose gtt. 20 to f£j. 






ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 203 

Spiritus ^Etheris Nitrici. Refrigerant, diaphoretic. 

Dose gtt. 10 to 13 ij. 
Chloroformum. C 2 HC1 3 . Anaesthetic, anodyne, &c. 

Dose gtt. 20 to 60. 

FIXED OILS AND FATS. 

Glycerin. C 6 H 7 5 -f-HO (sweet principle). Lubri- 
cant, miscible with water, &c. 

List. — Adeps (lard), Oleum Adipis and Stearin (from 
lard), Sevum (mutton suet), 01. Amygdalae, 01. 
Macidis (from fruit of myristica moschata), 01. Ca- 
cao, 01. Olives, 01. Papaveris, 01. Sesami (benne 
oil), Oil Lini (flaxseed), 01. Bubulum, 01. Mor- 
rhuas (cod-liver), 01. Cetacei, 01. Ricini (castor oil), 
01. Tiglii (croton), 01. Palmae. 

YOLATILE OR ESSENTIAL OILS. 

Carbo-Hydrogen essential oils are the oils of Turpen- 
tine, Savine, Juniper, Cardamoms, Lemon, Cedrat, 
Neroli, Bergamot, Orange, Cubebs, Copaibae, Pep- 
per, Ginger, Amber, Cloves, and Valerian. 

Oxygenated oils (most soluble), are oils of Anise, Absin- 
thium, bitter Almonds, Asarum, Achillea, Buchu, 
Cajeput, Canella, Carraway, Catnip, Cascarilla, 
Cloves (heavy), Chenopodium, Carrot seed, Cassia, 
Cinnamon, Chamomile, Coriander, Cumin, Dill, 
Erigeron, Filix mas. Fennel seed, Gaultheria, He- 
deoma, Hops, Lavender, Marrubium, Matico, Ma- 
tricaria, Melissa, Mint (pepper and spear), Monarda, 
Nutmeg, Origanum, Pimenta, Pulegium, Rose (at- 
tar), Rosemary, Rue, Salvia, Sambucus, Sassafras, 
Serpentaria, Tanacetum, and Valerian (heavy). 

Sulphuretted oils are oils of Mustard, Horseradish, 
Garlic or Onion, and Assaefcetida. 

Camphors have a close relation to essential oils ; many 
of which deposit them. 



204 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

RESINS. 

1. Resins proper. — Resina, Mastich, Copal, Elemi, 
Sandarac, Pix Canadensis, Pix Bnrgundica, Guai- 
aci resina, Succinum, Copaivic acid. 

2. Oleo resins. Terebinthina (white turpentine), 
Terebinthina Canadensis (balsam of fir), Terebin- 
thina Yeneta (Venice turpentine), Copaiba. 

3. Gum-resins. — Ammoniacum (stimulant, expecto- 
rant), Assafoetida (antispasmodic), Gal banum (stim- 
ulant, antispasmodic), Sagapenum (stimulant like 
assafoetida), Gambogia (acrid cathartic), Scammo- 
nium (cathartic), Olibanum (frankincense), Myrrha 
(emmenagogue and astringent). 

4. Balsams. — Benzoinum, Balsamum Peruvianum 
(stimulant, expectorant), Balsamum Tolutanum 
(stimulant, expectorant), Styrax (stimulant and 
expectorant). 

5. Other articles containing resins or resinoid active 
principles. — Calamus, Cimicifuga, Colocynthis (col- 
ocynthin), Extract Cannabis (cannabin), Guaiaci 
lignin, Helleborus (Helleborin), Jalapa (jalapin), 
Mezereum, Podopbyllum (podophyllin), Pyre- 
thrum (pyrethrin), Zingiberis, and drugs contain- 
ing essential oils. (See Resinoid Extracts.) 

NEUTRAL ORGANIC PRINCIPLES. 

Names of alkaline principles terminate in ia, neutral 
or subacid principles in in or ine. 

1. Extractive matters, soluble in water.- — Aurantin 
(from cortex aurantii and limonis) — Bitter extrac- 
tive of Anthemis, of Canella, of Chimaphila, of 
Coptis, of Cornus Florida, of Eupatorium, of Gen- 
tiana, of Marrubium, of Serpentaria, and acrid ex- 
tractive of Scillse — Cathartin (in senna, cassia, and 
rhamni bacca), Ergotin (extractive of ergot), Ex- 
tractive of Juglans (cathartis), Ilicin (in ilex, used 
as substitute for quinise). 



ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 205 

2. Neutral crystalline principles. — Absinthin (from 
absinthium), Aloin (from aloe), Amygdalin (from 
amygdala amara), Asparagin and Althein (from 
asparagus, althaea, glycyrrhizas, and Symphytum), 
Apocynin (from apocynum cannabinum, emetic 
and cathartic), Asclepione (from asclepias syriaca, 
narcotic), Caffein (from coffee, isomeric with thein), 
Cantharidin (fromcantharis),Cascarillin (from cas- 
carilla), Cetrarin (from cetraria), Colombin (from 
colomba), Cubebin (from cubeba), Cusparin (from 
angustura), Daphnin from (mezereum), Digitalin 
(from digitalis, a violent poison ; dose, one-thirtieth 
of a grain), Elaterin (from elaterium, powerful 
cathartic ; dose, one-tenth grain), Esculin (from 
sesculus), Helleborin (from helleboris), Hesperidin 
(from cortex limonis, &c), Hydrastin (from hy- 
drastis — see page 96). Limonin (from seeds of 
lemon), Liriodendrin (from liriodendron), Maticin 
(from matico), Meconin, Narcein and Narcotin 
(from opium), Phloridzin (from apple, cherry and 
plum trees), Picrotoxin (frojn cocculus indicus,) 
Piperin (from piper nigrum and longum), Quassin 
(from quassia and simaruba), Salicin (from salix, 
&c), Santonin (from semen santonica — a popular 
anthelmintic — dose 1 to 4 grs.), Saponin (from sap- 
onaria), Sarsaparillin (from sarsaparilla), Scillitin 
(from scilla), Scoparin (from scoparius), Senegin 
(from senega), Taraxacin (from taraxacum), Thein 
(from tea — see Caffein), Theobromin (from theo- 
broma cacao), Xanthoxylin (from xanthoxylum). 

3. Coloring principles — Indigotin (from indigo), Or- 
cine (from litmus), Chlorophylle (from leaves), Car- 
thamus (red and yellow), Carmine (from coccus), 
Polycroite (from crocus — yellow), Curcumin (from 
curcuma — yellow), Haamatin (from hsematoxylon), 
Quercitron (quercitron— yellow), Santalin (from 



206 ORGANIC PRODUCTS. 

santalum), Rubian, Alizarin and Purpurin (from 
rubia), Anchusin (from anchusa — red, green), Rha- 
barbaric acid (from rheum — yellow, red, with al- 
kali), Sanguinarina (from sanguinaria), Hydrastine 
(from hydrastis — yellow). 

VEGETABLE ACIDS. 

1. Fruit acids. — Citric (in lemon, &c), Tartaric (in 
grapes, used in effervescing drinks), Malic (in ap- 
ples, &c), Oxalic (in rhubarb, sorrel, &c), Pectic. 

2. Astringent and allied acids. — Tannic (styptic, dose 
2 to 10 grs.), Gallic (astringent, dose 5 to 20 grs.), 
Ellagic, Catechu-tannic (in kino, catechu, &c), 
Cincho-tannic (in cinchona bark), Cephselic (in 
ipecac.) 

3. Balsamic, having relation to essential oils. — Benzoic, 
Cinnamic, Valerianic and Hydrocyanic (sedative). 
Dose of officinal dilute acid fl^ii to v. 

4. Combined with alkaloids in plants. — Meconic 
(with morphia, &c, in opium), Kinic (with quinia, 
&c, in cinchonas), Aconitic (with aconitia, &c.,in 
aconite), Strychnic or Igasuric (with strychnia and 
brucia in nux vomica), Yeratric (with veratria in 
cevadilla seed), Calumbic (with bebeerina, in co 
lumbo), Cevadic (with colchicia, in colchicum 
Coccalinic (with menispermina, in cocculus indi 
cus). 

VEGETABLE ALKALOIDS. 

Aconitia (J to 2 grs. to ^j of ointment in neuralgia 
Delphinia, Berberina, Cissampelina, Menispermina. 
The opium alkaloids are Morphia, Narcotin, Codeia, 
Paramorphia or Thebaina and Papaverina. Dose of 
morphia salts -J to \ gr. — Sanguinarina, Conia. The 
Cinchona alkaloids are Quinia, Quinidia, Cinchonia 
(Quinoidine or Chinoidine is precipitated extract), 
(Quinse Sulphas is the well-known antiperiodic — the 



; 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 207 

sulphates of the other alkaloids have been used as 
substitutes), Emetia or Emetina (active principle of 
ipecac), Arnicina, Lobelina, Strychnia (tonic ex- 
cito-motor, dose ^ gr.), Brucia (like strychnia, 
from nux vomica, &c, less powerful), Atropia 
(used in solution for dilating the pupil of the eye), 
Daturia, Hyoscyamia, Solania, Nicotia or Nicotina 
(active principle of tobacco), Bebeerina (the sul- 
phate is tonic and antiperiodic, dose 3 to 10 grs.), 
Veratria (used in neuralgia and gout, dose y 1 ^ gr., 
or externally in ointment, ^j to §j), Colchicia. 



III. PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

MEDICATED WATERS. 

1st Class. — By trituration with an insoluble substance^ 

and subsequent filtration. 
Aqua Camphora. Camphor ^j. Carb. Magnes. gij 
to Oj. Dose f^ss. 
Amygdalae Amarse. Oil ^xvj, Carb. Magnes. 

gftoOij. Dosefgj. 
Cinnamomi. Oil ^xvj. Carb. Magnes, gj to 

Oj. Dose fgij. 
Eoeniculi. Oil tt^xvj. Carb. Magnes. £j toOj. 

Dose fgij. 
Mentha? Pip. Oil i^xvj. Carb. Magnes. £j to 

Oj. Dose f^ij. 
Mentha? Vi rid. Oil ^xvj. Carb. Magnes. jj 
to Oj. Dose fgij. 

2c? Class. — By distillation, 
Aq. Rosa. Rose petals fej to Oj. 

3d Class. — By charging water with gas. 
Aq. Acidi Carbonici, 5 parts C0 2 to 1 of water. 



208 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

INFUSIONS. 

1st Class. — With maceration, by boiling water. 
Group 1. — ^j to Oj. 
Infusum Cinchonas Flavae. Tonic. 
Cinchonae Rubrae. Tonic. 
Cascarillae. Stimulant tonic. 
Eupatorii. Tonic — a diaphoretic, and emetic 

when hot. 
Krameriae. Astringent. 
Sarsaparilla. Alterative, diaphoretic. 
Ulmi. Demulcent. 
Buchu. Demulcent, diuretic. 
Armoraciae (with mustard-seed gj). Stimu- 
lant, diuretic. 
Senna (-{-Coriander gj). Cathartic. 

Group 2. — gss. to Oj. 

Angusturae. Stimulant, tonic. 

Anthemidis. Tonic, emetic when hot. 

Colombae. Tonic. 

Serpentariae. Tonic. 

Valerianae. Stimulant, antispasmodic. 

Capsici. Arterial stimulant. Dose f§ss. 

Zingiberis. Carminative. 

Humuli. Tonic, mild narcotic. 

Spigeliae. Anthelmintic. 

Catechu Comp. (-{-Cinnamon gj). Astrin- 
gent. 

Lini Comp. (-{-Liquorice Root gij). Demul- 
cent. 

Group 3. — Proportions varied. 
Caryophylli gij to Oj. Stimulant. 
Rhei gij to Oj. Cathartic. 
Tabaci gj to Oj. Sedative injection in hernia 






i 
I 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 209 

Infusum Digitalis gj to Oss. +Tinct. Cinnam. fgj. 
Narcotic. Dose fgij. 

" Kosaa Comp. gss. to Oijss. +£>ugar, diluted 
Sulphuric Acid, Water. Adjuvant to as- 
tringent gargles. 

11 Taraxaci §ij to Oj. Diuretic. 

2d Class. — With cold water, by maceration or displace- 
ment. 

Infusum Cinchona Comp. t ^j to Oj. -fArom. Sulph. 
Acid fgj , Tonic. 
u Pruni Virginianae ^ss.toOj. Sedative, tonic. 
11 Quassias gij to Oj. Tonic. 
" GentianseComp. gss. toOj. + Bitter Orange- 
peel, Coriander, Dil. Alcohol, Water. 
Tonic. 
Sassafras Medullas gj to Oj. Demulcent. 

TINCTURES. 

1st Class. — Made with diluted alcohol. 
Group 1. — gij to Oj Alcohol Dil. 

ict. Aconite fol. Nervous sedative. Dose 20 to 30 

drops. 
Belladonna. Narcotic. Dose 20 to 30 drops. 
Stramonii. Narcotic. Dose 20 to 30 drops. 
Conii (or cicutas). Alterative narcotic. Dose 

30 to 60 drops. 
Hyoscyami. Narcotic. Dose 30 to 60 drops. 
Digitalis. Diuretic narcotic. Dose 10 drops. 
Lobelias. Emetic, narcotic. Dose fgss. to fgj ; 

emetic f^ss. 
Sanguinariaa. Emetic, stimulant. Dose ffss. 
Scillaa. Emetic, diuretic expectorant. Dose 

10 to 30 drops. 

14 



Dose fgss. Tonic, 
aromatic. 



210 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Tinct. Colchici Sem. Diuretic, &c. Dose 10 drops 

tofsj. 
Group 2. — Proportions varying. Incompatible with 

Iron Salts. 
Tinct. Gallse gij to Oj. Dose fgij. Astringent. 
" Catechu giss. to Oj, with §j Cinn. Dose fgij. 

Astringent. 
11 Kino gjss. to Oj. Dose f^j. Astringent. 
11 Krameriae giij to Oj. Dosef^j. 
" Cinchonse. Yellow Bar kg iij to Oj. Dosefgss. 
Tonic. 

Red Bark, 
Orange-peel 
" Comp. ^ Serpentaria, 
Saffron, 
Saunders. J 
" Colombse gij to Oj. Dose fgss. Tonic, aro- 
matic. 

( Gentian, "] Dose fgss. 
u Gentianaa Comp. i Orange-peel, V Tonic, aro- 

( Cardamom. J matic. 
*' Quassia gj to Oj. Dose fgij. Tonic, aromatic. 
" Humuli gijss. to Oj. Dose fgij. Tonic, sedative. 

Group 3. — Proportions varying. 

u Valerianae gij to Oj. Dosefgij. Tonic, anti- 
spasmodic. 

" Serpentarise giss. to Oj. Dose f=fij. Tonic, 
stimulant. 

" Cubebse gij to Oj. Dose f^ij. Stimulant. 

11 Cantharidis gss. to Oj. Dose gtt. 20. Stimu- 
lant. 

u Capsici gss. to Oj. Dose f^j. Stimulant. 

" Cinnamomi giss. to Oj. Dose fgss. Carmina- 
tive. 

" Cardamomi gij to Oj. Dosefgj. Carminative. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 211 



r Cinnamon, ^ 
Tinct. Cinnam. Comp. J Cardamom, I 
[ Ginger. J 

Cardamom, 
Cinnamon, 
Cardam.Comp. -{ Carraway, 
Eaisins, 
Cochineal. 



Dose f^ss. 
Carmina- 
tive. 

Dose fgss. 
Carmina- 
tive. 



Group 4. — Proportions varying. 

Helleborigij to Oj. Dosefgj. Emmenagogue 

cathartic. 

Jalapse giij to Oj. Dose fgj. Cathartic. 

Kheigiss. to Oj. +Cardamom gij. Dose f^ss. 

Tonic, cathartic. 

f Rhubarb, 1 -^ ~ ^ ^ 

Rhei et Aloes. J Aloes, I Dose f | ss ' Ca " 

( Cardamom, j ar 1C * ■ 

x>, . .n ,. f Khubarb, ) Dose f5ss. Lax- 

RneietGentianse 1 „ ... ' > ,. «-> , 

[ Gentian. $ ative, tonic. 

Rhubarb, 

Senna, 

Coriander, 

Fennel, 

Saunders, 

Saffron, 

Liquorice, 

Raisins. 

= Senna, 

Jalap, 

Coriander, 

Cardamom, 



11 Rhei et Sennse. 



Sennseet Jalapa. 



Dose f^ss. 
Laxative, 
tonic. 



Dose f !|ss. 
[• Carminative, 



r* c ' Laxative. 

Carraway, 

Sugar. J 



212 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

2d Class. — Made with Officinal Alcohol, specific gravity 
* .835. 

Group 1. — Saturated Tinctures. 
Tinct. Aconiti Kad. gvj to Oj. Dose gtt. 5 to 10. 
Nervous sedative. 
" Nucis Vomica? giv to Oj. Dose gtt. 5 to 15. 

Nervous stimulant. 
" Zingiberis giv to Oj. Dose f^j. Carminative. 

Group 2. — Kesinous Tinctures. 

" Myrrh 8e gij to Ojss. Dose fgj. Astringent, 
emmenagogue. 

f Aloes gjss., \ Dose f^j. 

" Aloes etMyrrhse -j Saffron gss., I Laxative, 
( Tinct. MyrrhOj. J emmen. 

" Guaiaci ^iij to Oj. Dose fgij. Alterative, 
diaphoretic. 

" Assafoetida gij to Oj. Dose fjjj. Antispas- 
modic. 

" Castorei ^j to Oj. Dose fjss. Antispasmodic. 

" Lupulinse gij to Oj. Dose fjj. Tonic, nar- 
cotic. 

16 Tolutani gjss. to Oj. Dose fgss. Stimulant, 
expectorant. 

f ftoTx"' 1 D ° Se f 3 SS - 
" Benzoini Comp. -j S , m' , f- " Turlington's 

[ its ' j Balsam -" 
Group 3. — Simple Solutions in Alcohol. 
" Camphorae gij to Oj. Dose gtt. 20. Stimu- 
lant. 
" 01. Menth. Pip. fgij to Oj. Dose gtt. 20. Car- 
minative. 
" 01. Menth. Sativse f gij to Oj. Dose gtt. 30. 
Carminative. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 213 



Tinct. Iodinii gj. Dose gtt. 15. Alterative. 

f Iodine Sss I Dose gtt * 

11 . IodiniiCom P' {iodine Potass, gj. J 5 ' + A1 " 
*• oj j terative. 

rSoap, 1 Useex- 

Saponis Camphorata. J Camphor, I tern- 

L Oil Kosemary. J ally. 

3d Class. — Made with Aromatic Spirits of Ammonia. 

Cinct. Guaiaci Ammoniata giv to Ojss. Dose f^j. 
Stimulant, diaphoretic. 
Valerianae Ammoniata gij to Oj. Dose fgj. 
Antispasmodic. 



MEDICATED WINES. 



White or Sherry Wines used in making them. 

to Oj. Dose fgj to 
f^ij. Carminative, 
aperient. 



Vinum Aloes gj-|-Cardamom. 
Ginger aa gj. 



Ehei giij-f Canella £j, 
Diluted Alcohol fgij. 



to Oj. Dose f^j to 
fgij. Carminative, 
aperient. 
Colchici Had. ^vj to Oj. Dose gtt. 10 to fgj. 

Diuretic, nervous sedative. 
Colchici Sem. gij to Oj. Dose fjj to fgij. 

Diuretic and nervous sedative. 
Ergotae gij to Oj. Dosefgj. Excito-motor 

stimulant. 
Ipecacuanha? §j to Oj. Dose f^j to f^ss. 

Expectorant. 
Tabaci §j to Oj. Dose gtt. 20. Diuretic. 
Yeratri Albi giv to Oj. 
Antimonii, 2 grains Tartar Emetic to fgj. 

Dose 13J to i'^ss. Expectorant, emetic. 



214 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 



VINEGARS. 

With 1 part Acetic Acid to 7 of water. 

Acetum Colchici §j to Oj, Alcohol f^ss. Dose gtt. 

n% 30 to fgij. Diuretic, sedative. 
Acetum Scillse gij to Oj. Dose gtt. 80 to fgj. Diu- 
retic, sedative. 
" Opii gijss. to Oj. Dose gtt. 5 to 10. See 
below. 



PREPARATIONS OF OPIUM. 



Tinct. Opii Cam- 
phorata 
(Paregoric) 



Opium gss., 

Camphor ^j, 

Benzoic Acid gss. , 

Oil Anise f^ss., 
t Honey gj. 
" Opii (Laudanum) Opium gjss. to Oj 
gtt. 25. 

f Opium gj, ) 
" Opii Acetata^ Alcohol fgiv, V Dose gtt. 20. 

( Vinegar fgvj. J 

" Opii (Syden | gP^^J ; } to Sherry Oj. 
ham's Laud.) ] cloveg ft - ' gj J Dose gtt. 20. 

f Opium gviij, 1 . 
Acetum Opii J Nutmeg J ss., I to Oiij fgiv. Dose 
(Black drop) j Saffron gss., j gtt. 5 to 10. 

L Sugar gxij. J 
Liquor Morphia Sulphatis, £ grain Morphia to fgj. 
(Magendie's Solution, used in New York and Boston, 
has 16 grains to f gj.) Dose fgj. 



to Oj Dilu- 
ted Alco- 
hol. Dose 
fgjtofgss. 

Dose 



DECOCTIONS. 






Decoctum Chimaphilse gj to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose 
Oj per diem. Alterative. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 215 



Decoctum Uvse Ursi §j to f^xx; boil to Oj. Dose 

fgij. Astringent, diuretic. 
u Dulcamarse gj to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose 

fgij. Alterative, narcotic. 
" Haematoxyli gj to Oij ; boil to Oj. Dose 

fgij. Astringent. 
a Quercus Alb. ^j to Ojss. ; boil toOj. Dose 

13 ij. Astringent. 
" Cinch, flav. gj to Oj ; boil ten minutes. 

Dose fgij. Tonic. 
11 Cinch, rub. gj to Oj ; boil ten minutes. 

Dose fgij. Tonic. 
11 Cornus Floridaegj to Oj j boil ten minutes. 

Dose fjjij. Tonic. 
" Senega gj to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose fgij. 

Stimulant, expectorant. 
" Hordei gij to Oivss. ; boil to Oij. Ad lib- 

itum. Demulcent. 
" Cetrariae gss. to Ojss. ; boil to Oj. Dose Oj 

per diem. Tonic, demulcent. 
" Taraxacigij to Oij • boil ten minutes. Dose 

fgij. Diuretic. 
" Sarsap. Comp.: 

Sarsap. gvj, 1 t o Oiv ; boil fifteen 

Sassafras, . ' -r. 

^ - ' minutes. Dose 

Guaiac, }- f Alterative, 

Liquorice aa ±1, -P , ' 

M u „••• diaphoretic, 

ezereon 311J. J * 

EXTRACTS. 

1st Class. — Narcotic inspissated juices. 
Sxtractum Aconiti. Dose 1 to 2 grs. 

u Belladonna. Dose 1 to 2 grs. 

" Stramonii fol. Dose 1 to 2 grs. 

" Conii. Dose 2 to 3 grs. 

" Hyoscyami. Dose 2 to 3 grs. 



216 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

2d Class. — Hydro- Alcoholic and Alcoholic Extracts. 

Extract. Aconiti Alcoholicum. J gr. to 1 gr. Nar- 
cotic. 

'* Belladonni Alcoholicum. Dose J gr. to 1 gr. 
Narcotic. 

11 Stramonium Seminis. Dose J gr. to 1 gr. 
Narcotic. 

" Conii Alcoholicum. Dose 1 to 2 grs. Nar- 
cotic. 

u Hyoscyami Alcoholicum, Dose 1 to 2 grs. 
Narcotic. 

" Nucis Vomicse. Nervous stimulant. 

" Hellebori. Dose 10 to 15 grs. Cathartic. 

u Jalapa?. Dose 10 to 15 grs. Cathartic. 

" Rhei. Dose 10 to 15 grs. Cathartic. 

11 Podophylli. Dose 5 to 10 grs. Cathartic. 

u Cinchon. Flav. Dose 10 to 15 grs. Tonic, 
alterative. 

" Cinchon. rub. Dose 10 to 15 grs. Tonic, 
alterative. 

" Sarsaparilla3. Dose 10 to 15 grs. Tonic, 
alterative. 

u Colocynthidis Comp. (Colocynth made into 
tincture, and evaporated, aloes, scam mony, 
soap, and cardamom added.) Cathartic. 

Zd Class. — By displacement with cold water and evap- 
oration* 

Extract. Gentian se. Dose 10 to 20 grs. Tonic. 
" Quassise. Dose 3 to 6 grs. Tonic. 

" Dulcamara3. Dose 3 to 6 grs. Alterative, 

narcotic. 

" Kramerise. Dose 10 to 20 grs. Astringent. 

«' Juglandis. Dose 10 to 20 grs. Cathartic. 
u Opii. Dose 1 gr. Narcotic. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 217 

4th Class. 

Extract. Hsematoxyli. Dose 10 to 20 grs. Astringent. 
(By decoction in water, straining and 
evaporating.) 
" Taraxaci. Dose Qj to gj. Diuretic, &c. 
(Expressing milkyjuice, and evaporating.) 
Colchici Aceticum. Dose 1 to 3 grs. Diu- 
retic. (Evaporating a medicated vinegar.) 

UN0EFICINAL AND PSEUDO-EXTRACTS. 

Digitalis. Dose \ gr. Sedative, diuretic. 

Ignatia Amara. Dose f gr. Tonic, excito- 
motor. 

Lupulin. Dose 3 to 5 grs. Narcotic. 

Cimicifuga. Dose 3 to 10 grs. Sedative, 
tonic. 

Valerian. Dose 3 to 10 grs. Antispasmodic. 

Calisayicum. Dose 2 to 5 grs. Tonic, anti- 
periodic. 

Ergota (aqueous). Dose 2 to 5 grs. Excito- 
motor. 

Pareira (aqueous). Dose 10 to 30 grs. Tonic, 
diuretic. 

Uva Ursi (aqueous). Dose 10 to 30 grs. 
Tonic, diuretic. 

Lobelia? Aceticum. Dose 2 to 3 grs. Nar- 
cotic sedative. 

Cannabis Sativa. Dose 1 gr. Narcotic stimu- 
lant. 

Glycyrrhizse (Liquorice). Demulcent. 

CONCENTRATED OR RESINOID EXTRACTS. 

Jalapin. Dose 3 to 8 grs. Cathartic. 
Podophyllin. Dose 1 to 3 grs. Cathartic. 



218 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Macrotin (impure resin of Cimicifuga). Dose 1 to 6 

grs. Sedative, tonic. 
Stillingin. Dose 2 to 4 grs. 
Leptandrin. Dose 2 to 4 grs. 
Hydrastin. Dose 1 to 2 grs. Tonic. 

FLUID EXTRACTS. 

1. Concentrated Syrups. 

Extract. Sennae fluidum. Dose fgss. Cathartic. 
" Rhei fluidum. Dosefgj. Cathartic. 
" Spigeliaaet Sennse fluidum. Dose f^j. An 

thelmintic. 
" Sarsaparillse fluidum. Dose f^j. Diapho- 
retic, alterative. 

2. Alcoholic. 



Valerianae fluidum. Dose fgj. 
modic. 



Antispas- 



3. Oleo-resina, prepared with Ether. 

Cubeba fluidum. Dose 5 to 30 drops. Stimu- 
lant. 

Piperis fluidum. Dose 1 to 5 drops. Stimu 
lant. 

UNOFFICINAL FLUID EXTRACTS. 

1st Class. — Syrups. 
Cinchona fluidum. Dose fgj. 
Buchu fluidum. Dose f^j. 
Hydrangea fluidum. Dose fgss. 
Ehubarb and Senna fluidum. Dose f§ ss - 
Ergot fluidum. Dose fgj. 
Serpentaria fluidum. Dose fgss. 

2d Class. — Alcoholic. 
Buchu fluidum. Dose fgj. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 219 

Extract. Serpentaria fluidum. Dose n# 20 to 30. 
u Taraxacum fluidum. Dose fgj. 
M Gentian fluidum. Dose f^j. 
" Lobelia fluidum. Dose ^ 5 to 20. 
u Cimicifuga fluidum. Dose wg 30. 

l 6d Class. — Oleo-resins, with Ether. 
Piperoid of Ginger. Used in confectionery. 
Oleo-resin Capsicum. Used in confectionery. 
Oil of Male Fern. 
Oil of Ergot. Dose ttj? 20. In parturition. 



Syrupus simplex. — Sugar 2 lbs., water 1 pint. Dis- 
solve by heat. 

1st Class. — Infusions or Decoctions made permanent by 
Sugar. 

Syrup Aurantii Corticis. By maceration with boil- 
ing water. An adjuvant. 

Syr. Senna (with Fennel). Digest with hot water. 
Laxative. Dose fgj to f^ij. 

Syr. Krameria. Displacement with cold water. As- 
tringent. Dose fgss. 

Syr. Pruni Virginians. Displacement with cold 
water. Sedative, tonic, and expectorant. Dose 
fgss. 

Syr. Senegge. Decoction. Stimulant, expectorant. 
Dose f^j to f^ij. 

Syr. Scillae Comp. Decoction. Stimulant, expecto- 
rant. Dose it)2 20 to fjj. 

2d Class. —By evaporation from a diluted Alcoholic Ex- 
tract, and Sugar added. 
Syr. Ipecacuanha? ^ss. in Oj Syrup. Expectorant. 
Dose f3J to fjfss. 



220 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 



Syr. Scillge Comp. Squill and Seneka. Expectorant. 

+Tart. Em. gr. j to fgj. Dose gtt. 20 to f 3 j . 
Syr. Khei gj in Oj Syrup. Laxative. Dose fgss. to 
fgiv. 

( Sarsaparilla Guaiacum, ^ Alter'e 
Syr. Sarsaparilla. \ Koses, Senna, Liquorice, I Dose 
( and essential oils. J fgss. 

3d Class. — Containing Acetic Acid. 

Syr. Allii. Macerate Garlic in dil. acet. acid and 
add sugar. Antispasmodic. Dose fgj.. 

Syr. Scillaa. Acet. Scillse Oj 4. Sugar lb. ij. Expecto- 
rant. Dose f^j. 



4ith Class. — Simple Syrup as a base. 



- 



Syr. Acidi Citrici £j to Oj-J-Oil of Lemon wjjj. Ve- 
hicle. 
Syr. Krameria? (2d process). Ext. gj to Oj. Astrin 

gent. Dose f^ss. 
Syr. Tolutanus. Tinct. gv to Oj. Adjuvant. 
Syr. Zingiberis. Tinct. fgss. to Oj. Adjuvant. 

Khubarb 3V, ^ Car. 

Cloves, mina- 

Cinnamon aa gj, tive, 
Nutmeg £>ss., 1 laxa- 

Dil. Alcohol q. s. j tive. 
Displace Oss. Tine. Dose 
Evaporate to giv ; f^ij to 
I Add Ojss. Syrup. J fgj. 
Syr. Amygdalis. 1 pt. bitter almonds, 3 pts. sweet 

almonds. Demulcent. 
Syr. Limonis. Lemon-juice Oj, Sugar lb. ij. Vehicle. 
Syr. Acacise. Gum gj, Sugar Jjvii, Water f^iv. Ex- 
cipient for pills. 



Syr. Ehei Aromaticus. 









PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 221 



CONFECTIONS. 

Confectio Rosse. Powd. Rose 2 pts., Sugar 15 pts., 

Honey 3 pts., Rose-water 4 pts. 
" Aromatiea?. Arom. Powd. 5 J, Saffron J, 

Syr. Aurant. 6, Honey 2. 
11 Opii (1 gr.in36). Opium Powd. 4J, Arom. 

Powd. 48, Honey 112. 
" Sennse. P. Senna and Coriander, with 

Figs, Prunes, Cassia, &c. 

SPIRITS, OR ESSENCES. 

Spiritus Myristica. Nutmeg gij to Dil. Alcohol 1 
gal. Distillation. 
" Juniperi Comp. Oils of Juniper, Carraway, 

and Fennel. Solution. 
" Pimenta. Oil of Pimenta in Dil Alcohol. 

Solution. 
" Rosmarini. Oil f^iv to 1 gal. Alcohol. So- 
lution. 
" Lavandulae. Flowers ftij to 1 gal. Alcohol. 

Distillation. 
16 Lavandulae Comp.: 
Cinnamon, Cloves, J to Sp. Lavender ) Maceration, 
Nutmeg, Saunders, \ & Sp. Rosemary, j displacement. 

POWDERS. 

Medicines adapted to the form of powders are in- 
soluble mineral substances, vegetable products,- and 
some soluble substances. 

Insoluble — too large doses for pills, — Carbo-ligni, Mag- 
nesia, Calcis Phosph., Pot. Bitart., Sulphur Sub., 
Creta Ppt. , Ferri Subcarb., Calomel, &c. Vegetable 
powders, as Powd. Cinchona, Colomba, Gentian, 
Rhubarb, Jalap, Cubebs, &c. 
In certain combinations, and when pills are objected to. — 
Powd. pil. Hydrarg. , Ext. Colocy., Opium, Digitalis, 



222 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

NuxYom., Kino, Tannic Acid, Gallic Acid, Potas. 
Nit., Opium Alkaloids, Cinchona Alkaloids, Sub- 
nit. Bismuth, &c. 
Diluents f 07' powders. — Sugar, Lactin, Powd. Acacia, 
Cinnamon, Arom. Powd., Ext. Liquorice, Gum 
Tragacanth, Elm Bark, &c. 



Medicines adapted to the pilular form are, powders 
in less than 15 grain doses, gum-resins, extracts, and 
oleo-resins and oils in small proportions. 
Unadhesive materials. — Calomel, Dover's Powder, 

Subnit. Bismuth, Morphia Acetas, &c. , Strychnia, 

Pulv. Digitalis, Pulv. Ipecac, Plumbi Acetas, Ant. 

et Pot. Tartrate, Ant. Sulph., Argenti JSTitras, Ar- 

genti Oxidum, Ferri Pulvis, Ferri Subcarbonas, 

&c, Potas. Iodid., Camphor, &c. 
Medicinal excipients. — Extracts, Pil. Hydrarg., Pil. 

Copaibse, Pil. Ferri Carb., Terebinthina. 

With moisture. — Powd. Aloes, Rheum, Kino, Tan- 
nin, Opium, Scilla, Ferri Citras, Assafoetida, &c. 

With Alcohol. — Guaiacum, &c. 

With dilute S0 3 . — Quinise Sulph., Cinchoniae 
Sulph,, Quinidise Sulph., Quinoidine. 
Inert excipients. — Powd. Acacia, Tragacanth, Soap, 

Bread Crumbs, Confections, Syrup of Gum, Honey, 

Molasses, Syrups. 

LIQUIDS. 

Suitable medicines are most soluble salts, light in- 
soluble powders, extracts, gum-resins, oils, &c. 

Forming eligible solutions with tvater. — Alumen, Am- 
nion. Murias., Ant. et Pot. Tart., Barii Chloridum, 
Calcii Chloridum, Ferri Sulph., Ferri et Pot. Tart., 
Manganesii Sulph , Magnesiae Sulphas, Potassae 
Acetas, Pot. Bicarb., Pot. Carb., Pot. Citras, Pot. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 223 

Chloras,Pot.Tartras.,Potassii Bromid ,Pot. Iodid., 
Morphia Acetas, Morphia Sulphas, Morphia Murias, 
Sodae Bicarb., Sod. Boras, Sod. Carbonas, Sod. 
Sulph., Sod. et Pot. Tart., Sod. Chlorid., Sod. 
Phosph., Acid Citric, Acid Tartaric, Acid Tannic. 

Mixing, but not forming clear solutions in water diffused 
by agitation. — Magnesia, Potas. Bitart., Sulph. Prae- 
cip., Pulv. Cinchona?, Pulv. Ipecac, Quinise Sulph. 

Miseible by trituration alone. — Ext. Aconiti, Ext. 
Bellad., Ext. Conii, Ext. Hyoscyami, Ext. Stra- 
mon.,Ext. Taraxaci, Ext. Kramer., Ext.Glycyrrh., 
Confections, Assafoetida, Ammoniac, G-uaiacum, 
Myrrha, Scammony. 

Suspended by viscid excipients. — Copaiba, 01. Amyg- 
dalae, 01. Bicini, 01. Terebinth, Olea Essentia, 
Ferri Protocarb. 

Requiring additions to form solutions. — Quin. Sulph., 
Cinchon. Sulph, Quinid. Sulph., Chinoidine, Io- 
dine, Hydrarg. Iodid. Kub. 

Requiring viscid substances. — Ammon. Carb., Hyd. 
Chlorid. Corros., Pot. Cyanuret, Potassa. 

Vehicles or correctives (especially of salines). — Aq. 
Medicatse, Syrups, Tinct. Cinnamomi, Tinct. Cin- 
nam. Comp., Tinct. Cardam. 

Tinct. Card. Comp., Infus. Kosa Comp , Saccha- 
rum, Olea destillata, Tinct. Tolutana, Tinct. 
Zingiberis. 

CERATES AND OINTMENTS. 

1st Class. — Much used as Vehicles. 

Ceratum Simplex. 1 pt. White Wax, 2 Lard. Firmest 

healing dressing. 
« Cetacei. 1 Sp. Cet., 3 White Wax, 6 Olive 

Oil. Firm healing dressing. 
Unguentum Simples. 1 White Wax, 4 Lard. Softer 

healing dressing. 



224 PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 

Ung. Aquae f Almond Oil, Spermaceti, "{Softest heal- 
Rosse. \ White Wax, Rose Water, jing dressing. 
Ceratum ( 5 Resin, 8 Lard, \ Stimulant healing dress- 
Kesinse. \ 2 Yellow Wax. / ing. (Basilicon.) 

2d Class. — Mechanical mixture of medicinal substance 

with unctuous ingredient. 

Group 1. — By fusion. 

Cerat. /Resin, Suet, Yellow Wax, \ Stimu- 

Resinse Comp. \ Turpentine, Flaxseed Oil, j lating. 

Ung. Picis Liq. Tar and Suet, equal parts. Stimt 

lant, antiseptic. 

Cerat. f Canth. 12 pts., Lard 10. \ Epispastic, 

Cantharidis. \ Yel. Wax, Resin aa 7 pts. jblist. cerat. 

Group 2. — By trituration. 
Cerat. Sabinse. 1 pt. Savin, 6 Resin Cerate. Stimu- 
lant dressing. 
Ung. G-allae. 1 pt. Galls, 7 Lard. Astringent. 
Ung. Yeratri alb. 1 pt. Root, 4 Lard and Oil Lemon. 
In itch. 
Cerat. f giij Calamine, gxij Lard, ") Mild ast. and 
Calamine. X ?iij Wax. J desiccant. 

ZindOarb. { I fenpft Sent. } Mild »"»«»*$ 

Ung. Cuprif 1 pt. 2CuO,Ac,6HO, 1 Mild 

Subacet. X 15 pts. Simple Ointment. / escharotic. 
Ung. f 1 pt. KO,Sb0 3 ,f , I Ve8icant 
Antimonii. \ 4 pts. Lard. / 

Ung. Hydrargyri. Equal parts Hg and Lard. Al- 
terative. 
Ung. Hydrargyri f 1 pt. Hg 2 Cl,NH 2 , 1 Desiccant, 
Ammon. X 12 Simple Ointment, J alterative. 

Ung. Hydrargyria 1 pt. HgO, 1 Stimulant, 

Oxid. Rub. \8 Simple Ointment, /alterative. 



PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. 225 

Ung. J 1 pt. I, one-fifth pt. KI, ) Discutient, altera- 
Iodinii. \ 24 Lard. $ five. 

Ung. Iodini f 1 pt. I, 2 pts. KI, \ Discutient, altera- 

Comp, \ 32 Lard. j tive. 

Ung.Potassii f 1 pt. KI+1 pt. Aq.,1 Discutient, al- 

Iodid. \ 8 Lard. j terative. 

Ung. Plumbi / 1 pt. PbO,C0 2 , "| Astringent, desic- 

Carb. \ 6 Ung. Simp. J cant. 

Ung. Sulphuris. 1 pt. S, 2 pts. Lard. In Itch. 

f Sulph. t ^j, Amnion. Merc. gj, "| 
Ung. Sulphuris] Beng. Acid ^j, 01. Berg, f^j, I In 
Comp. "j Sulph. Acid f 3 j , Nit. Potas. [Itch. 

[_ 31J , Lard § vj . J 

Ung. Belladonnas. 1 pt. Ext., 8 Lard. Anodyne. 
Ung. Stramonii. 1 pt. Ext- 8 Lard. Anodyne. 
Ung. Creasoti. Creasote fjss. Lard gj. Antiseptic, 
stimulant. 

Zd Class. — By digesting the ingredient in Lard. 

Ung. Tabaei. gj Leaves to lb.j lard. Narcotic. 
Ung. Mezerei. ^iv Bark to ^xiv Lard, gij Wax. 

Stimulant. 
Ung. Cantharidis (with boiling water), gij to ^viij. 

Kesin Cerate. Stimulant. 

4th Class — The unctuous ingredient is decomposed. 

Ung. Hydrarg. Nit. (Citrine Ointment.) Powerful 

stimulant and alterative. 
Cerat. Saponis. Soothing dressing. 
Cerate Plumbi S. Acet. (Goulard's Cerate.) Cooling. 



15 



226 

VIII. 

TABLE OF SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 



A. TOPOGRAPHICAL. 

1. General Aspect of Patient. 

I. ATTITUDE. 

Unusual languor — invasion of acute disease — < 
of chronic ones. 

Unnatural boldness — insanity — delirium. 

General immobility — catalepsy. 

Irregular and perpetual movement — chorea. 

Distorted features, altered position, and impaired mo- 
tion of limbs — hemiplegia. 

Tonic spasm of trunk — tetanus. 






II. DECUBITUS. 

Constantly dorsal — cerebral apoplexj^, organic dis- 
ease of brain and spinal marrow, acute peritonitis, 
general articular rheumatism. 

Prone — generally in gastric, intestinal, hepatic, and 
renal colic. 

Lateral — some stages of pleurisy or pneumonia (not 
general); in consumption, when one lung is affected, 
the diseased side is usually lain on. 

Sitting — diseases of heart and lungs, which interfere 
with respiration. 

Head thrown back — laryngeal and tracheal disease. 






SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 227 

Restlessness, jactitation, &c. — the invasion of acute 
inflammation, idiopathic fevers, many affections of 
children, delirium and acute mania. 

III. VOLUME OF BODY. 

General enlargement — anasarca, or emphysema from 
a wound of the chest. 

2. Signs furnished by Head, Face, and Neck. 

Head bent to one side — convulsions, hemiplegia, tor- 
ticollis, dislocation of cervical vertebra, cervical 
glandular swellings, cicatrices of neck, after burns. 

Head bent forward — vertebral malformation. 

Head bent back — diseases with dyspnoea, as croup, 
laryngismus stridulus, suffocative catarrh, &c. Te- 
tanus, spinal meningitis of neck. 

Cranium increased in size — chronic hydrocephalus — 
hypertrophied brain. 

(Edematous scalp — erysipelas, small-pox. 

Facies stupicla (dull expression) — typhoid fever. 

Facies vultuosa (full, red face, injected eyes) — cardiac 
hypertrophy, cerebral congestion. 

Pinched countenance (opposite of last) — acute peri- 
tonitis, in health, from exposure to severe cold. 

Facies hippocratica — in chronic diseases just before 
death, in unusually prolonged acute disease. 

3. Physiognomical Bugce. 

Rugae transversa (in forehead) — excessive pain rising 
externally. 

R. oeulo-frontales (from forehead vertically to root of 
nose) — distress, anxiety, anguish, and severe in- 
ternal pain. In acute diseases, an imperfect or false 
crisis, impending efflorescence, and often fatal ter- 
mination. Linea oculo-zygomatica (from inner 

r— 



228 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

dren, a cerebral or nervous affection; in adults, 
disorder or abuse of the generative organs. 

Linea nasalis (from upper border of ala nasi, curved 
to outer margin of the orbicularis oris) — strongly 
marked in phthisis and atrophy, inferior part indi- 
cates gastric disease, upper part affection of the 
upper part of intestine. Conjointly with retraction 
of the cheek, and with the L. oculo-zygomatica, the 
eyes being fixed and complexion wan, an indication 
of worms. 

L. labialis (from angle of mouth to lower part of 
face) — in children, a thoracic affection with dysp- 
noea. 

L. collateralis nasi (in a semicircular direction toward 
the chin, external to last two) — chronic and obsti- 
nate disease of thoracic or abdominal viscera. 

(Edema of face and eyelids — albuminuria, sometimes 
in ansemia. 

Transient redness or flushing of face — women suffer- 
ing from menstrual irregularity, and at the critical 
period. 

Hectic flush — phthisis, wasting, chronic affections. 

Paleness of face — cold stage of fever, and acute in- 
flammation, chronic diseases, especially Bright's 
disease, in convalescence. 

Dingy white or greenish face — anaemia. 

Yellow tint — jaundice. 

Yellow at labial commissures and alse nasi — slight 
hepatic derangement. 

Citron tint — in cancerous affections. 

Bluish hue — impeded venous circulation, as in as- 
phyxia, Asiatic cholera, typhus fever, cyanosis. 

Slate color — from the use of Nit. Silver. 

Perpetual motion of eyelids — some cases of mania and 
idiocy. 

Forcible closure of eyelids — photophobia. 



i 

s 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 229 

Eyelids open — injury of portio-dura from paralysis of 
the orbicularis. 

Paralysis of upper lip — lesion of third pair of nerves. 

Epiphora (flowing of tears over the cheek) — obstruc- 
tion of lachrymal duct, in initial stage of ophthal- 
mia, and in some neuralgic affections of the eye, 
presence of a foreign body. 

Nostrils dilating forcibly and rapidly — difficult respi- 
ration. 

Itching nostrils — in children a sign of intestinal 
worms. 

4. Begion of the Throat. 

Enlarged — some anginose affections, in the first months 

of pregnancy, and at the approach of puberty in 

females. 
Violent pulsation of carotid arteries — acute mania, 

cerebral inflammation, hypertrophy of heart with 

dilatation of right ventricle, anaemia, sometimes in 

typhoid fever. 
Pulsation of arteria innominata (above the sternum, 

in front and to the right of the trachea) — aortic 

regurgitation. 
Circumscribed swellings — glandular enlargements. 

5. Begion of the Chest. 

General expansion of one side — large pleuritic effu- 
sion. 

Bulging at base of lung — gravitating pleuritic effu- 
sion. 

Bulging at anterior superior parts of chest— emphy- 
sema. 

Bulging in right hypochondrium — enlargement of 
liver. 

Bulging in precordial region — effusion into pericar- 
dium, or hypertrophy of heart. 



230 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Tumor about the junction of third rib, with right side 
of sternum — aneurism of ascending aorta. 

Tumor between the base of scapula and the spine — 
aneurism of descending aorta. 

Eetraction of one side (usually the left) — after absorp- 
tion of pleuritic effusion. 

Depression or local retraction — absorption of circum- 
scribed effusion, phthisis. 

Kespiration increased (healthy standard about 20 a 
minute) — dyspncea, as in spasmodic asthma. 

Respiration diminished — pleurisy and pleurodynia, 
paralysis of respiratory muscles, pneumonia, em- 
physema, pneumothorax, phthisis, &c. 

Eespiration jerking— spasmodic asthma, obstruction 
of larynx and trachea, pleurodynia. 

Eespiration costal — abdominal inflammation and dia- 
phragmatic pleurisy. 

6. Abdominal Begion. 

General increase of volume — ascites, meteorism, tym- 
panites (these latter known by resonance, and occur 
in adynamic diseases, peritonitis, intestinal obstruc- 
tion, hysteria, &c). 

Enlargement of hypochondria — diseases of liver or 
spleen. 

Enlargement in epigastrium — hysteria and cancer of 
stomach. 

Enlargement in hypogastrium — distension of bladder, 
ovarian tumors, fecal accumulation, &c. 

Diminished size — in most chronic diseases, as chronic 
dysentery, in lead colic (with hard muscles). 

7. Genital Organs. 

Enlarged penis in children — vesical calculus, mastur- 
bation. 

Cartilaginous hardness of corpora cavernosa — from 
onanism. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 231 

Retraction of testicles — renal calculus. 

Distended scrotum — hydrocele, hematocele, sarcocele. 

Enlarged labia majora — general dropsy, local affec- 
tions. 

8. Extremities. 

Immovable — paralysis. 

Contracted and rigid — softening of brain, &c. 

(Edematous — from embarrassed circulation. 

Articulations swollen — rheumatism, hydrarthrosis, 
white swelling, &c. 

Diminished in size — paralysis. 

B. PHYSIOLOGICAL. 

1. Functions of the Nervous System. 

I. SENSATION. 

Morbidly augmented — acute inflammatory affections 
of brain and spinal marrow, idiopathic fevers, hys- 
teria. 

Tensile pain — phlegmonous inflammation. 

Dull, heavy pain — enlarged viscera, internal tumor, 
effusion in serious cavities, in the loins previous to 
menstrual and hemorrhoidal discharges. 

Smarting pain — skin deprived of cuticle, or under in- 
fluence of irritants. 

Lancinating pain — cancer and neuralgia. 

Boring pain — constitutional syphilis, rheumatism, 
gout, inflammation of periosteum, &c. 

Contusive pain — from bruises, in acute diseases. 

Itching and formication — cutaneous disorder. 

Exaltation of vision — ophthalmia, inflammation of 
brain and meninges, some nervous affections. 

Muscle volitantes — affections of brain and optic nerve, 
dyspepsia. 

Hearing painfully acute — cerebral inflammation, hys- 
teria. 



232 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Hearing obtuse — in typhus fever. 

II. VOLUNTARY MOTION. 

Increase of strength — acute disorder, with delirium, 
cerebral inflammation, mania. 

Debility — in most diseases. 

Paralysis — indicative of lesion of brain or spinal mar- 
row, as apoplexy, spinal softening, &c, or of injury 
to a nervous trunk, or it may be functional, as in 
some cases of hysteria. 

Trembling — cold stage of fever, nervous affections, 
ataxic fevers, in old persons, action on the system 
of lead, mercury, strong coffee, alcoholic liquor, 
tobacco, and opium. 

Rigidity of limbs — in upper extremities, a symptom 
of softening of the brain, cerebral extravasation, 
hysteria. 

III. KEFLEX OR EXC1TO-MOTORY SYSTEM. 

Cramp — pregnant women, hysteria, painter's colic, 
&c, &c. 

Tetanus (another form of tonic spasm) — may be tris- 
mus when the muscles of mastication are affected, 
emprosthotonos, with the body bent forward, opis- 
thotonos, if bent backward, and pleurosthotonos, 
with lateral curvature. 

Clonic or temporary spasm — seen in convulsions of 
children, in hysteria, and some affections of the 
brain, in subsultus tendinum taking place in acute, 
ataxic diseases, in hiccough, &c. 

Morbid rhythmical movements — disease of cerebellum 
or its commissures. 

Reflected or sympathetic sensations, as pain at ex- 
tremity of penis from calculus of bladder, pain in 
right shoulder from congested liver, in left shoulder 
from disordered stomach, &c, are numerous. 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 233 

IV. INTELLECT. 

Exaltation of affections — hypochondriasis. 

Abolition of moral sensibility — mania, typhus fever. 

Illusion and hallucination — insanity. 

Exaltation of intellect — melancholia, sometimes at 
close of life. 

Enfeebled intellect — typhus fever. 

Delirium — diseases of brain and its meninges, t} r phus 
fever, the exanthemata ; diseases of chest and ab- 
domen. 

Insomnia — mania, j&c. 

Drowsiness — typhoid fever, some affections of the 
brain, &c 

2. Function of Besjriration. 

I. DTSPXGEA. 

1. From the access of pure air impeded. 

a. Mechanical. 

Rigidity of parts — cartilages ossified, pleura indu- 
rated, rickety distortion. 

Pressure of parts — tumors or dropsies of abdomen. 

Obstructions of air-tubes — effusions, swellings, or 
tumors pressing on them, spasm of glottis or bronchi. 

Compression of lungs — effusions or tumors in pleural 
sac, in pleurisy, hydrothorax, pneumothorax, aneu- 
rism, &c. 

Alteration in tissue of lungs — enlargement of the ves- 
sels, effusions, as oedema, hepatization, tubercle, 
&c, altered structure, or emphysema, dilated 
bronchi, vomica, &c. 

b. Chemical. 
Deficiency of oxygen in the air — mephitic gas, rare- 
fied air. 



234 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

c. Vital. 
Pain of parts moved in respiration — pleurodynia, 

pleuritis, peritonitis, &c. 
Paralysis of muscles — injury of spinal marrow. 
Weakness of muscles — prostration in ataxic fever, &c. 
Spasm of muscles — tetanus, spasmodic asthma, 

2. From the state of the blood. 

a. Mechanical. 

Obstruction to the passage of blood — diseases of heart 
and great vessels, tumors pressing on them. 

"b. Chemical. 
An excessive venous state — violent exertion. 
Deficiency of red particles — anaemia, chlorosis. 

3. From the nervous relation of parts. 

Excessive sensibility of par vagum — hysteric dysp- 
noea, cerebral fevers. 
Defective sensibility of par vagum — coma, narcotism 

&c. 

II. COUGH. 

Hollow or barking — in last stage of consumption, 
chronic bronchitis, in some nervous affections. 

Sharp or ringing — in croup. 

Hoarse — incipient catarrh, chronic laryngitis, angin- 
ous affections. 

Wheezing — asthma. 

Belching — some disease of larynx. 

Paroxysmal — whooping-cough, hysteria, 

On auscultation, bronchial (harsh, rapidly evolved 
concentrated) — phthisis, pneumonia, pleurisy, dila- 
tation of bronchi. 

On auscultation, cavernous (hollow) — tubercular ex- 
cavation, dilated bronchi. 

On auscultation, amphoric (metallic or ringing) — 






SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 235 

bronchopleural fistula, large, tubercular excava- 
tion. 

III. EXPECTORATION. 

Scanty — first stage of acute affections of lungs. 

Copious — decline of acute diseases of air-passages or 
lungs, in chronic affections. 

Serous or watery — forming stage of bronchitis, pul- 
monary congestion, and vesicular emphysema. 

Mucous — bronchitis and pneumonia. 

Purulent — phthisis, third stage of pneumonia. 

Nummular (like coin) — tubercular phthisis, bron- 
chitis of measles, occasionally in chronic bronchitis. 

Flocculent, muco-purulent — advanced phthisis. 

Tubular — plastic bronchitis, pneumonia. 

Whitish — beginning of acute affections of the lungs. 

Yellowish or greenish — acute bronchitis. 

Rusty — pneumonia. 

Putrid smell — gangrene of lungs. 

Paint and sweetish smell — bronchitis, and first stage 
of phthisis. 

Alliaceous odor — broncho-pleu^al fistula. 

IV. PAIN. 

Dull, heavy, aching, round the* base of the chest — 

acute bronchitis. 
Soreness in sternal region, and between the shoulders 

— acute bronchitis. 
Sharp, lancinating, sudden, usually below the nipple 

— pleuritic. 
Darting from anterior part of chest to interscapular 

region — in phthisis. 
Constant pain between the shoulders — in phthisis, 

chlorosis, other chronic diseases. 

V. EFFECTS OF PERCUSSION. 

Increased clearness of sound — in pneumothorax and 
emphysema. 



236 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Dulness of sound — pneumonia, pleurisy, phthisis, 
hydrothorax, &c. 

Wooden sound — chronic pleurisy, with dense mem- 
branes. 

Tympanitic — pneumothorax and emphysema. 

Tubular — pleuritic effusion, tubercular excavation. 

Amphoric — (imitated by filliping the inflated cheek) 
— tubercular cavities. 

Cracked metal sound — cavities near the surface. 

VI. EFFECTS OF AUSCULTATION. 

Exaggerated respiration — in portion of lungs adjoin- 
ing those unfit for respiration. 

Weak respiration — from obstruction to entrance of 
air to the part. 

Suppressed respiration — when mucus clogs up a large 
bronchus. 

Jerking respiration — incipient pleurisy, spasmodic 
asthma, tuberculous infiltration. 

Incomplete respiration (inspiratory murmur defi- 
cient) — spasmodic asthma. 

Bronchial respiration (like the top of sternum and 
root of lung naturally) — in pneumonia, tubercles, 
&c. 

Cavernous and amphoric — tuberculous excavation. 

Dry Rhonchi. 

Sibilant — in bronchitis, from modified calibre of air- 
cells. 

Sonorous — in bronchitis, from modified calibre of 
air-cells. 

Dry, crackling (few in number, coexisting with in- 
spiration) — first stage of phthisis. 

Humid Rhonchi. 

Crepitation (imitated by rubbing a lock of hair be- 
tween the fingers near the ear) — pneumonia in 
stage of engorgement and of resolution. 






SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 237 

Subcrepitant (more moist than last) — in capillary 
bronchitis, pneumonia at resolution, pulmonary 
apoplexy, cedema of lung. 

Mucous — bubbling through liquid in bronchi of large 
size. 

Cavernous or gurgling — same as last, but in the pul- 
monary excavation. 

Friction-sound — from diseased pleura. 

Diminished vocal resonance — in vesicular emphy- 
sema, pneumothorax. 

Exaggerated vocal resonance, or bronchophony — tu- 
bercle, pneumonia in stage of hepatization. 

./Egophony (nasal tone like a bleat of a goat) — pleu- 
ritic effusion. 

Pectoriloquy (resonance, as in a hollow, and trans- 
mitted in articulate words) — tubercular caverns, 
and dilated bronchi. 

Metallic, tinkling sound (imitated by striking gently 
a hollow glass vessel with a pin) — in pneumo-hy- 
drothorax, with bronchial fistula, in some excava- 
tions of the lungs. 

3. Circulatory Functions. 

I. AUSCULTATION 05 THE HEART. 
a. Its Impulse. 

(Is correspondent with the pulse at the wrist, unless 
mechanical impediments exist.) 

Strong — in fevers and inflammations. 

Small vibratile — after hemorrhage, in ansemia, &c. 

Full, strong, heaving, and somewhat diffused — hy- 
pertrophy. 

Still more powerful, felt over the whole precordial 
region — hypertrophy with dilatation. 

Feeble and diffused — ventricular dilatation. 



238 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 






Sharp, concentrated — in anaemic or nervous persons, 

atrophy of the muscular walls of the heart with 

fatty degeneration. 
Visible at scrobiculus cordis — obstruction anterior to 

tricuspid valve. 
Visible at scrobiculus cordis, as well as between the 

ribs of left side— disease of mitral valve. 

b. Its Rhythm. 
(The natural rhythm is a long sound, a short sound, 

and an interval.) 
Altered rhythm — most frequent cause is valvular 
change, dilatation of heart and atrophy of walls of 
ventricles, effusions into the pericardium. 

c. Its Sound. 

(Natural sound represented by lub-tub lub-tub.) 
Louder and clearer — dilatation of the cavities, with 

thinning of the walls, without valvular disease. 
Clearer, but not louder — muscular atrophy of the 

parietes. 
Decreased sounds — impeded action, hypertrophy. 

(Unnatural sounds, or murmurs.) 
Endocardial (or blowing murmurs, bellows murmur, 
rasning murmur, filirig murmur, musical murmur), 
— indicative of valvular lesions, of diseased blood, 
as anaemia, of nervous disease of heart. 
Exocardial (rubbing murmur and its varieties) — 
pericarditis, from the attrition of roughened sur- 
faces. 









II. CHARACTER OF THE PULSE. 

a. As to its Force and Intensity. 
Strong, resists compression by the finger. In inflam- 
matory affections, especially of the parenchyma of 
the solid viscera, as lungs and liver, in the active 



SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 239 

hemorrhages. In plethoric and strong individuals, 
an} r derangement of circulation will cause it. 

"Weak (easily compressible) — disease with prostration, 
nervous and chronic affections, especially when 
caused by perverted nutrition, produced by fear, 
diseases of old men, women, and children. 

Full, volume of artery seems increased — natural pulse 
of plethoric and tall persons, diseases with strong 
pulse, cerebral congestion and apoplexy, cardiac 
disease. 

Small, opposite of full — often from narrowing of aortic 
orifice, in the serous phlegmasia, as peritonitis, 
pericarditis, inflammations of stomach, intestines, 
bladder, &c. , in hysteria, hypochondriasis, and other 
nervous affections, in chlorosis, in cold stage of 
fevers, diseases with violent paroxysms of pain, a 
symptom of adynamic and ataxic diseases, and of 
purulent resorption. 

Corded (hard, sharp, or contracted, giving a vibra- 
tory sensation to the fingers) — in the membranous 
phlegmasia, sanguine congestions, active hemor- 
rhages, neurosis, lead colic, &c. 

Soft (compressible or liquid, yields readily to pres- 
sure) — in adynamic affections. 

b. As to its IZhythm. 

Frequent — febrile and inflammatory disease, hemor- 
rhages, &c. 

Slow or infrequent — apoplexy, acute tubercular men- 
ingitis, some adynamic affections, sometimes in dis- 
eases of heart. 

Unequal (dicrotous or double in beat) — convalescence. 

4. Function of Digestion. 

Tongue diminished in size (generally also trembling 
and dry) — typhus and other low fevers. 



240 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

Tongue coated, &c. — Dr. Louis' observations indicate 
that the tongue does not show the true state of the 
stomach. This is a subject worthy of further in- 
vestigation. 

Appetite voracious — pregnancy, hysteria, and in- 
sanity. 

Appetite diminished — most acute diseases. 

Thirst increased — acute affections, especially of stom- 
ach and bowels — after hemorrhage, in diabetes. 

Thirst abolished — some cerebral diseases with coma. 

Vomiting — beginning of acute inflammatory and feb- 
rile affections, early pregnancy, in colic, cerebral 
diseases, hernia. 

Pain aggravated by pressure — inflammation of vis- 
cera, peritonitis. 

Pain relieved by pressure — overdistension, neuralgia, 
colic. 

Tormina — acute colic. 

Tenesmus — in dysentery. 

Faeces watery — serous diarrhoea, Asiatic cholera. 

Faeces mucous (like white of egg) — chronic inflamma- 
tion of the colon. 

Faeces hard and scybalous — constipation, colic, cancer 
of stomach, &c. 

Fasces clay color — deficiency of bile. 

Faeces yellow or dark brown — excess of bile. 

Faeces dark green — from bile, after calomel in children. 

Faeces red or streaked with blood — dysentery, when 
the blood is dark, and mixed with the faeces, it is 
usually from the upper part of intestinal canal. 

Faeces pitchy black — melaena. 

Faeces pure blood, unattended with colic — hemor- 
rhoids. 

Faeces semi-transparent and colorless, with whitish 
clots (like rice-water or turbid whey) — Asiatic 
cholera. 

Faeces black — from iron as medicine. 






SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 241 



Faeces with shreds of false membrane — dysentery and 
diarrhoea, biliary or intestinal calculi, worms, &c. 
Faeces with fat — diabetes, phthisis. 
Faeces fetid — adynamic diseases. 

5. Urinary Secretion. 

Suppression or diminution — most inflammatory and 
febrile diseases, dropsy. 

Retention in the bladder — from paralysis, typhoid 
fever, hysteria, &c. 

Increased amount — diabetes, cold stage of fevers, hys- 
teria, from various passions of the mind. 

Urine darker than usual in inflammatory affections ; 
if much blood is abstracted during their progress, 
it becomes clearer; at the height of the inflamma- 
tion it is clear and deeply colored ; when it sub- 
sides, there is a yellow or reddish sediment of uric 
acid and urates. 

Deposits of uric acid (red or yellow sand sediments) — 
fever, acute inflammation, rheumatism, phthisis, all 
the grades of dyspepsia, diseases attended with 
arrest of perspiration, diseases of genital apparatus, 
from blows and strains of the loins, excessive in- 
dulgence in animal food, too little exercise. 

Deposits of earthy phosphates (white sediment) — in- 
dicate a depressed state of the nervous energy of 
serious importance. 

Deposits ot oxalate of lime — digestive derangement. 

Urine containing blood — hemorrhage of kidneys or 
urinary tract. 

Albuminous urine — Bright's disease, dropsy after 
scarlatina, &c. 

Mucous urine — irritated or inflamed state of genito- 
urinary mucous membrane. 

Sugar in urine — dyspepsia ; when excessive, diabetes 
mellitus. 

16 



242 SYMPTOMATOLOGY. 

6. Perspiration. 

Profuse — acute rheumatism, decline of acute inflam- 
mations and fevers (the latter often critical). 

Diminished — early stage of acute disease, dropsy, dia- 
betes. 

Night sweats — phthisis (profuse, debilitating). 

Excessive acid odor — (rheumatism, gout). 

Odor fetid — some adynamic fevers. 

Odor mouldy — measles, scarlet fever. 

Odor amnioniacal — sometimes in typhoid fever. 

Odor peculiar in insanity. 

Odor of chlorine or rottenstone — miliary. 

7. Animal Heat 
General heat of surface — in fevers. 
External local heat — in inflammation. 
Forehead hot — cephalalgia. 

Scalp hot — cerebral disease. 

Integument of chest hot — thoracic inflammation. 

Hands and feet hot — phthisis. 

Peculiar acrid heat (burning the applied hand) — in 
typhus fever. 

Chill — initial of fever, and of the phlegmasia, par- 
ticularly pneumonia. 

Temperature generally low — from languid circulation. 

Coldness of hands and feet — in nervous and anaemic 
persons. 



. 



243 



IX. 



OUTLINES OF GENEEAL PATHOLOGY 
AND THERAPEUTICS. 



A. PRIMARY ELEMENTS OP DISEASE. 
I. Properties of Contractile (Muscular) Fibre, 

a. IRRITABILITY. 

1. Excessive. Seen in excessive strength, as in deli- 
rium ; or in quickness, as in convulsions or clonic 
spasm; or in unusual duration, in tonic spasm 
(cramp, catalepsy, and tetanus). Remedies. — If 
from flow of blood, antiphlogistic ; firm pressure 
on muscles in cramp (masseter muscle in trismus). 
If from nervous irritation, narcotics and antispas- 
modics, especially stramonium, belladonna, sul- 
phuric ether, and Indian hemp. 

2. Defective. In force (weakness and paralysis) or 
in readiness to contract (as from opium, digitalis, 
&c, and some cerebral diseases). Remedies. — Re- 
pose, if from exhaustion ; stimulants, as ammonia, 
brandy, &c. (often large quantities), electricity, 
cold water dash ; strychnia and cantharides in 
paralysis (endermic application best). 

b. TONICITY. 

(Cold increases tonicity and impairs irritability.) 

1. Excessive. Remedies. — Antimony, &c, to relax 
the fibre. 

2. Dpfective. Remedies. — Tonics, especially cold, 
Peruvian bark, iron, the mineral acids, and gene- 
rous living;. 



244 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 
II. Properties of Nerves. 

a. SENSIBILITY (GENERAL). 

1. Excess. Narcotics, mostly required, as opium, 
henbane, hemlock, &c. If vascular excitement, 
antiphlogistic treatment ; with weakness, slow 
pulse, and absence of fever, tonics and stimulants 
as well as narcotics required. (Inhalation of ether 
the most powerful anodyne.) 

2. Defective (as in coma, &c). Sometimes depletion ; 
if no disease, mental excitement, bodily exertion ; 
the cold dash, and friction ; from narcotics and re- 
tained excrement: use purgatives, diuretics, emet- 
ics, &c. If anaemia, stimulants. 

3. Perverted Sensibility (illusory or depraved sensa- 
tions). Chalybeates, &c. ; narcotics, &c, as pal- 
liatives. 

b. LOCAL SENSIBILITY. 

1. Excessive (from disease, &c, as the pain of pleu- 
risy, &c). If from inflammation, antiphlogistics ; 
if remaining after inflammation, anodynes (ender- 
mic application of morphia often useful : remove 
the cuticle by a blister, and apply one or two grains 
of a soluble salt of morphia ; as the acetate or hy- 
drochlorate; repeat once or twice daily, and keep 
the surface moist) ; counter-irritation and warmth 
(as gastrodynia relieved by a sinapism at the pit 
of the stomach). In a weak circulation, especially 
if the pain be intermittent, tonics are useful (as 
neuralgia treated with quinine, and iron ; hemi- 
crania with quinine, or liquor arsenicalis). 

C. VOLUNTARY MOTION. 

1. Excessive. Depletion, antimonials, cold to the 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 245 

head, if determination of blood. If more nervous, 
narcotics. 

2. Defective. Excite the nervous centres through the 
circulation, as by stimulants, &c. (Hysterical coma 
often removed by a turpentine injection, or croton 
oil purge, which acts both as a revulsive to the 
vessels and a stimulant to the nerves.) 

3. Perverted Volition. Treatment various ; in deli- 
rium tremens by narcotics, as opium ; in chorea, 
by nervous tonics, especially iron and zinc. 

d. REFLEX ACTION. 

Connected with organic life. The contractions of all 
the sphincters, and the regular action of the muscles 
of respiration depend on it. (A nervous influence, 
independent of the will conveyed by afferent nerves 
from the surface to the spinal marrow, and re- 
flected from it through efferent nerves to the 
muscles of the parts.) 

1. Excess. Seen in spasm of throat in hydrophobia, 
tetanus, hysteria, &c. ; in convulsive motions of 
lower limbs when tickled, &c, in paraplegia, &c. 
Also in epileptic and apoplectic convulsions, which 
are centric when resulting from diseases in the 
head or loss of blood ; or eccentric when from irri- 
tation of the extremities of afferent nerves ; as from 
teething, intestinal, uterine, and renal irritation, 
passing a bougie, sometimes, &c. ; also in partial 
spasms and sympathetic irritation of distant parts. 
If these inordinate reflex actions are general or 
extensive, as convulsions, tetanus, and paraplegia, 
we refer them to undue excitement, or erethism of 
the spinal marrow ; the more partial examples 
(sympathetic irritation, &c.) may arise from a small 
portion of it only, or of the afferent or efferent 
nerve of the part. Increased flow of blood to the 



246 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

medulla, or its nerves, or the branches of the sym- 
pathetic nerve ; the direct action of poisons, as 
strychnia ; mechanical irritation on the spinal mar- 
row, or its nerves (as in tetanus, tumors, and spicula 
of bone in spinal canal, &c), may cause this excite- 
ment. The involuntary excito-motory property is 
also accumulated by rest and sleep. Hence narco- 
tism, injury of the spine, sedentary habits, too 
much sleep, &c, by suspending volition, may cause 
a morbid excess of involuntary nervous power, and 
develop convulsive and spasmodic symptoms, which 
are the result of its overflow. 

Remedies. — Often antiphlogistic, because often 
dependent on determination of blood. If more 
purely nervous, as tetanus, &c, a narcotic used 
(hydrocyanic acid, woorara, resin of Indian hemp, 
conium, &c, reduce the power of the spinal sys- 
tem, and cause general relaxation of muscles, but 
they may destroy life by arresting respiration ; 
useful, however, in small doses in slighter irrita- 
tions, as vomiting, nervous palpitation, and hic- 
cough). Extract of belladonna and stramonium, 
useful in convulsive cough and spasmodic asthma, 
and combined with opium in the spasms of colic, 
dysentery, and dysuria. 

In weak subjects, without inflammation, medi- 
cines which act as stimulants to the heart, and 
vessels, and cerebral functions, and also as sedatives 
to the medullary system (the stimulant antispas- 
modics, as ether, ammonia, musk, essential oils, 
external heat and counter-irritation, &c). Tonics 
also reduce the excitability of the spinal excito- 
motory system, especially metallic tonics, as iron, 
nitrate of silver, sulphate and oxide of zinc, and 
sulphate of copper, cold baths, change of air, and 
exercise useful. 
3. Defective reflex actions-, seen in paralysis of sphinc- 



I 



•PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 247 

ters, eyelids, and muscles of respiration ; and ex- 
treme debility from fatigue, excitement, or directly 
depressing influences. 

Remedies. — Stimulants, narcotics, tonics (indis- 
criminate use of narcotics, hazardous in extreme 
weakness) ; should be preceded or combined with 
stimulants ; those least depressing to be preferred, 
as opium ; give suitable nourishment also in liquid 
form. 

e. REFLECTED (OR SYMPATHETIC) SENSATION. 

Reflex action referred to motion, but the impressions 
which cause sensation may be reflected in a similar 
manner : thus, ascarides in the rectum cause itching 
of the anus, congestion of the liver, often a pain in 
the right shoulder-blade, and the pains of angina 
and gastrodynia often extend to the whole chest; 
the former especially radiates to the left arm. 

Remedies. — 1. Those that remove the irritating 
cause. 2. Anodynes, by deadening sensibility (the 
efficacy of trisnitrate of bismuth and hydrocyanic 
acid in gastrodynia, and some kinds of angina, not 
referable to a narcotic property). Tonics are often 
useful, as morbid sympathies, like other nervous 
disorders, are exalted by weakness or irregularity 
of the circulation. 

III. Properties of Secretion. 

1. Excessive Secretion weakens, from the drain it causes 
from the blood. Its effects may be forward on the 
parts to which the secretion goes, or backward on 
the organ which secretes it and the blood from 
which it is formed. 

(Forward effects of excessive secretion of bile 
seen in bilious diarrhoea or cholera ; of profuse mu- 



248 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

cous secretion in the intestines in simple diarrhcea; 
in the bronchi in dyspnoea and cough ; in the stom- 
ach, seen in pyrosis or water-brash, &c. Backward 
effects seen in torpid bowels after diarrhoea.) 

Remedies. — If dependent on the quantity and 
quality of the blood, depletion, derivation, and evac- 
uants. (The excessive secretion then a means of 
relief, and arrested by increasing it, as a purge of 
calomel will stop a bilious diarrhoea, from an en- 
gorged liver.) If from nervous or other irritation, 
causing weakness and disturbance of the functions, 
it may be checked by tonics and astringents (as cold 
to the part, alum, superacetate of lead, sulphates of 
zinc and copper, gallic acid and tannin, vegetables 
which contain tannin, &c, mineral acids, &c. These 
act by direct application, as in diarrhoea or leucor- 
rhoea, or through the circulation. Some agents, 
without a general astringent effect, diminish the 
secretion of particular organs, as opium, which re- 
markably lessens the secretion of the liver, and 
sometimes that of the kidneys). 

If excessive secretion have caused febrile disturb- 
ance, means to increase other secretions may restore 
a proper balance. Thus, in bilious cholera, saline 
diuretics and diaphoretics are serviceable; in renal 
irritation, with copious secretion of lithic acid, blue 
pill to augment the bile is often beneficial (combi- 
nations of medicines more useful in any disturbance 
of secretion, especially if long continued, as mercu- 
rials with diuretics, antimonials with salines, &c). 
2. Defective. May cause general plethora, or local 
congestions, leading to dropsical effusions, fluxes, 
hemorrhages, or inflammations. Forward effects 
instanced in disorder in the latter stages of diges- 
tion, from deficiency of bile. Backward effects often 
seen in congestion of the organ ; and very remark- 






PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 249 

ably in the case of the excretions, as urine and bile, 
which poison the blood when retained, causing ty- 
phoid symptoms, extreme depression, coma, and 
death. If the suppression be incomplete in the lat- 
ter instances, the poisoning process is more tardy, 
producing various functional and visceral derange- 
ment, as delirium, or lethargy, dyspnoea, palpita- 
tion, vomiting, diarrhoea, &c. (The excrementi- 
tious matters may then be detected in the blood, 
and other parts of the body ; as the color of bile in 
the textures in jaundice ; urea in the blood, &c. , in 
glandular degeneration of the kidneys, &c. Gout, 
rheumatism, degeneration, dropsies, &c, are often 
caused by various degrees of defective excretion.) 

Me?nedies. — If from defective^ supply of blood, 
stimulants, &c. ; if from inflammation or conges- 
tion, depletion or derivation. Often the first dis- 
order is in the secreting structure itself, and the 
remedy must be those agents which increase the 
respective secretions ; as mercury for the liver ; col- 
chicum, nitre, &c , for the kidneys ; croton oil, 
jalap, sulphate of magnesia, &c, for the intestines, 
&c. (These specific stimuli in excess, or too long 
continued, may cause not only general weakness, 
but also an exhaustion of the vital properties which 
they excite ; as long or excessive use of mercury 
causes torpidity of the liver ; of purgatives, imper- 
fect action of bowels ; of diuretics, scanty, albu- 
minous, or watery urine ; — hence they should be 
intermitted and alternated with tonics, as bitters 
with mercurials; chalybeates with saline aperients 
and diuretics.) In chronic cases, medicines which 
are inferior in efficacy to be preferred, because less 
exhausting — (examples : taraxacum, iodine, sarsa- 
parilla, nitric and nitro-muriatic acids). Where 
defective secretions are not readily restored, they 



250 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 

may sometimes be compensated for by artificial 
substitutes. Thus ox-gall, aloes, and soap, or 
toasted bacon at breakfast promotes the action of 
the intestines, in defective secretion of bile ; and 
defective secretion of mucus may be remedied by 
mucilage, &c. 
3. Perverted Secretion often accompanies excess and 
defect. In febrile diseases, the secretions of the 
kidneys and the alimentary canal are altered as 
well as diminished ; inflammation and determina- 
tion of blood change as well as increase the secre- 
tion from mucous membranes, rendering it more 
saline and sometimes albuminous, &c. Altered se- 
cretion may be unfit for use; as a thin, acrid mucus 
irritates instead of protecting the membrane, as in 
coryza and mucous diarrhoea; viscid, dry mucus 
obstructs the tubes ; altered gastric juice causes in- 
digestion ; sebaceous matter accumulating in the 
follicles of the skin causes irritation, inflamma- 
tion, &c. 

Remedies. — Usually those which increase secre- 
tion. In some cases tonics may be advantageously 
combined with them. Such a combination is pre- 
sented in most of those remedies called alteratives. 

IV. Constituents of the Blood. 

The principal constituents of the blood, necessary to 
be mentioned here, are the red particles, fibrin, and 
albumen, either in excess, defect, or alteration. The 
other constituents of the blood are oil, salts, and 
water. In malignant cholera, the defect of saline 
matter and water, owing to the excessive evacua- 
tions, seems to be the cause of the obstructed cir- 
culation, lividity, and collapse, and hence the tem- 
porary efficacy of injection of saline solutions into 
the veins of such patients. 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 251 

a. RED PARTICLES. 

The red particles of the blood are distinct structures 
— living cells, floating in the liquor sanguinis ; they 
have a tendency to cohere in piles or rouleaux in 
fresh-drawn blood, and this tendency is strongest 
in blood taken from a person affected with inflam- 
mation. 

1. Excess. Seen in sanguineous plethora. A slight 
increase has been detected in the early stage of in- 
flammations and fevers, especially eruptive fevers, 
as measles and scarlatina. 

Remedies. — Bloodletting the speediest agent. 
Low or vegetable diet and the antiphlogistic regi- 
men generally : saline medicines, much diluted and 
taken copiously, have a remarkable effect. 

2. Defect. Seen in the lymphatic temperament, also 
after a great loss of blood, in chlorosis and other 
ansemic states, in scrofulous and tubercular diseases, 
in the latter periods of fevers, and after severe in- 
flammations, in granular degeneration of the kid- 
ney , &e. , &c. Known by paleness of parts naturally 
red, pallid or sallow complexion, a weak state of 
the functions generally. 

Remedies. — Air ; light nourishing food, especially 
brown meats; tonics, particularly iron (Quevenne's 
metallic iron, Ferrum per hydrogen). 

3. Alteration. Of the red particles is evinced by change 
of color in the blood, and change of form in the in- 
dividual corpuscles, as seen by the microscope. 

Seen in scurvy; in the Walcheren and other 
malignant fevers, in cachsemia, from malarious in- 
fluence, generally in connection with a diseased 
spleen ; in congestive typhoid fevers, &c. 

Remedies. — Saline medicines have been recom- 
mended in typhoid and malignant fevers ; but 
remedies to increase the excretions in connection 



252 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

with those mentioned under the last head, are less 
questionable; in malarious and anaemic cacbsemia; 
the use of purgatives and diuretics, combined with 
chalybeate tonics, has produced the best effects. 

b. FIBRIN. 

But little difference between fibrin and albumen, in 
chemical composition, yet fibrin is distinguished by 
its being organizable or susceptible of life. It 
causes the coagulation of the blood ; it constitutes 
the buffy coat and coagulable lymph ; and is prob- 
ably the material by which chiefly the textures are 
nourished and repaired. 

1. Excess. In all true inflammatory diseases, especially 
those of a sthenic character, and in acute rheuma- 
tism. There is a relative excess also in diseases 
connected with a deficiency of red particles. 

Remedies — Bloodletting and low diet; yet fibrin 
is less reduced by them than excess of red particles. 
Remedies which increase the more solid secretions 
probably diminish the fibrin. 

2. Defect. Seen in fluidity, or but slight coagulation 
of blood when drawn, or in asthenic tendency to 
hemorrhage, and unmanageable oozing of blood 
from an accidental wound, &c, in cases of poison- 
ing with hydrocyanic acid, &c, in adynamic fevers, 
&c, in cases of asphyxia, cyanosis, &c. 

Remedies. — Assist the functions on which the sup- 
ply of fibrin depends. If the digestive organs will 
bear them, meat, eggs, bread and other articles 
abounding in protein : assist digestion and assimi- 
lation by stimulants, bitters, quinine, and the min- 
eral acids ; help respiration by the access of pure, 
cool air; avoid fatigue; secure sleep, if necessary, 
by narcotics; toxicological means, of course, if 
called for. 






PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 253 

3. Alterations. Seen in the varieties presented by the 
buffy coat, and contractions of the clot of blood. 
Also in the varieties of the reparative process. False 
membrane, deposits, &c.,in a healthy subject, may 
be euplastic, or in a high degree organized and 
healthy. But in many instances the nutritive ma- 
terial is caco-plastic, or susceptible of only a low 
degree of organization, as in induration, from 
chronic inflammation, in fibro-cartilage, cirrhosis, 
gray tubercle, &c. It may, also be aplastic, or not 
organizable at all, as in pus, curdy matter, yellow 
tubercle, &c. 

Remedies. — The increased properties of separation 
and contraction manifested by blood in inflamma- 
tion, are reduced by bloodletting, &c. Yet if anti- 
phlogistic remedies da not remove local inflamma- 
tion, they may render its product more injurious by 
lowering its plasticity. Hence the necessity of en- 
deavoring to remove inflammations before they be- 
come chronic, and when there is risk of such event, 
improving the condition of the blood by a tonic and 
nutritive plan, conjoined with local antiphlogistic 
measures. A similar tonic treatment is indicated 
in scrofulous, chlorotic, and other cachectic states, 
where the fibrin is relatively copious with a ten- 
dency to aplastic deposits. In addition, remedies 
likely to keep the fibrin dissolved, as alkalies, and 
iodide of potassium, are advisable, although the 
eflicacy of these means has not been fully proved. 

C. ALBUMEN. 

1. Excess. Exists in most cases of inflammations, and 
fevers, especially during their more active stages. 
Its increase is not, however, in proportion to that 
of fibrin. Its excess in cholera is due to the removal 



254 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS 

of the water of the blood. Yery poor living, exten- 
sive hemorrhage, and other drains will reduce it. 
2. Defect. Met with in cases of albuminuria, and in 
diabetes: it seems to be a chief constituent of the 
dropsical diathesis. 

Remedies. — Those which restrain wasting dis- 
charges and improve general nutrition. Cod-liver 
oil recommended for the last purpose. 

V. Changes in the Blood by Respiration. 

The change of venous into arterial blood is never in 
excess, for the activity of the respiration is adapted 
to the rapidity of the circulation, and the corre- 
sponding need of change. 

Defect of the change is the essence of asphyxia or 
apnoea. 

Remedies. — Eest, fresh air and sedative medicines 
(as digitalis, hyoscyamus, &c), or antispasmodics. 
Sometimes an enfeebled circulation may require 
stimulants, or an engorged venous system calls for 
depletion. In suspended animation from drowning, 
&c, artificial respiration, frictions, the warm bath, 
stimulants, &c. 

VI. Changes in the Blood by Excretion. 

See Sect. III. Property of Secretion. 

Other changes maybe produced in the blood from the 
transformation of the chyle and of the textures, in- 
cluding the processes of nutrition and reparation 
(probably the cause of gout, diabetes, and obesity). 
The presence of foreign matters in the blood, also, 
may excite various contagious epidemic or endemic 
diseases ; but too little is yet ascertained to supply 
any certain knowledge. 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 255 

b. PROXIMATE OR SECONDARY ELEMENTS OE DISEASE. 
I. Ancemia. 

The exciting causes of anaemia are circumstances 
which, injure or withdraw the blood ; profuse dis- 
charges of other fluids ; scanty or poor food ; im- 
pure air ; chronic diseases, and uterine irregularity, 
as chlorosis. 

The general symptoms are weakness, both muscular 
and organic; defective nutrition; and imperfect 
sanguification ; the nervous system is also fre- 
quently excited. 

Remedies. — (See A, Section IV.) Those which 
increase the constituents of the blood. 

II Hypercemia or Excess of Blood. 

This may be general (plethora), with increased motion 
(sthenic), or with diminished motion (asthenic) ; or 
it may be local, with diminished motion (conges- 
tion), or with increased motion (determination of 
blood). The results of these may be hemorrhage, 
flux, dropsy, &c. Another variety of hyperemia 
may be distinguished by an altered or perverted 
action of the vessels. This is chiefly local, and in- 
cludes inflammation. 

Remedies. — For plethora, bloodletting and other 
evacuants. In the sthenic kind, sedative and relax- 
ing remedies are also indicated, but in the asthenic, 
tonics, and even stimulants ; or alterative aperients, 
as mild mercurials, with rhubarb, aloes, or senna, 
salines, and taraxacum, iodide of potassium, &c. ; 
may prepare the way for various tonics. 

For congestion, the most important means are those 
which contribute to a removal of its cause, as the 
loosening of a ligature, reduction of a compressing 
tumor, moderating the action of a diseased heart, 
or restoring the secretion of the liver, &c. In con- 



256 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

gestion from atony of the vessels, a change of pos- 
ture sometimes gives relief, as in congestive fevers, 
when the head is affected, it should be elevated; 
congested uterine,or hemorrhoidal, vessels, and vari- 
cose limbs, are assisted by the recumbent posture. 
Pressure, as by bandages, &c, is also useful at times. 
Astringents are sometimes useful by increasing the 
contractility of the vessels Stimulants also are 
often very effective, as diluted spirit lotion to a 
congested conjunctiva, capsicum gargle to a con- 
gested throat, or a stimulant wash to a purple 
sore, &c. 

For determination of blood, the removal of stimuli or 
irritants from the part, or the reduction of their 
action by soothing or diluent remedies, is the first 
indication. The atonic distension of the arteries 
supplying the part may be relieved by cold, astrin- 
gents, and derivants ; as cold lotions to the head, 
and the hot foot-bath in determination to the head. 
Evacuants, also, and frequently bloodletting, are 
indicated as derivants. 

Inflammation. — In incipient inflammation, for the 
congestion, astringents, stimulants, or evacuants 
may be useful. For the irritation of the nerves 
and vessels, sedatives, derivatives, and evacuants. 

In local inflammation, the remedies for congestion and 
determination are applicable. For impeded circu- 
lation in a part, moist heat, and other stimulants ; 
but, for increased circulation, the remedies for de- 
termination. In inflammation with fever, general 
bloodletting and other evacuants are called for ; 
relaxants, as antimony, &c. ; low diet, &c. 

(A remarkable fact has been discovered by Dr. Mar- 
shall Hall, viz., that in inflammatory diseases a 
much larger quantity of blood may be drawn with- 
out producing syncope, than can be taken in health , 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 257 

or in other diseases.) He says : "In cases in which 
it is doubtful whether the pain or other local affec- 
tion be the effect of inflammation or of irritation, 
the question is immediately determined by placing 
the patient upright, and looking upward, and bleed- 
ing to incipient syncope. In inflammation much 
blood flows; in irritation very little." This he 
considers a rule for bloodletting, a guard against 
undue and inefficient bloodletting, and a "source 
of diagnosis, in the fullest sense of the word." 
The following table shows the results of his investi- 
gations, as to the tolerance of bloodletting in differ- 
ent diseases, before incipient syncope. 

I. AUGMENTED TOLERANCE. 

1. Congestion of the brain, §xl-l. 

2. Inflammation of serous, synovial, and fibrous mem- 
branes, gxxx-xl. 

3. Inflammation of the parenchyma of organs (brain, 
lung, liver, mamma, &c), gxxx. 

4. Inflammation of the skin and mucous membranes 
(erysipelas, bronchitis, dysentery), ^xvj. 

II. HEALTHY TOLERANCE. 

This depends on the age, sex, strength, &c , and on 
the thickness of the parietes of the heart ; and is 
about §xv. 

III. DIMINISHED TOLERANCE. 

1. Fevers and eruptive fevers, gxj-xiv. 

2. Delirium tremens and puerperal delirium, gx-xij. 

3. Laceration or concussion of the brain. Accidents, 
before the establishment of inflammation. Intesti- 
nal irritation, gviij-x. 

4. Dyspepsia, chlorosis, §viij. 

5. Cholera, gvj. 

17 



258 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

The exhaustion from long-continued inflammation 
often renders stimulants and tonics necessary ; as 
also the depression arising from the influence of 
purulent or gangrenous matter. The effused pro- 
ducts of inflammation require evacuants, attenu- 
ants, alteratives, stimulants, friction, &c. 

Varieties of Inflammation. — The sthenic form requires 
of course all the antiphlogistic measures, but in the 
asthenic form, local bloodletting is better than 
general, which is illy borne. Antimony or mer- 
cury, and blisters, form the chief treatment. The 
diet, though light, should not be too spare. 

Erysipelatous inflammation is generally asthenic, and 
often requires stimulant and tonic agents. The 
local treatment consists of punctures and incisions; 
cauterization by nitrate of silver ; and mercurial 
ointment, which is supposed to modify the charac- 
ter of the poison. A solution of sulphate of iron in 
water, one ounce to a pint of water, applied to the 
part by moistened rags, acts like a charm. 

The aphthous inflammation of children is to be treated 
by aperients, with a local application of borax, or a 
weak solution of sulphate of zinc. 

Scrofulous inflammation owes its peculiarity to a de- 
graded condition of the plasma, or nutritive mate- 
rial of the blood ; and hence it is most benefited by 
tonics, nourishing diet, &c. Cod-liver oil, iodide 
of potassium, &c, are medicines in repute. 

Kheumatic and gouty inflammation require means to 
eliminate the morbid matter from the s} T stem, as 
mercury and colchicum. Active antiphlogistic 
measures are often necessary, however, before these 
medicines will act. 

Gonorrheal inflammation requires mild antiphlogistic 
and demulcent measures at first, and astringent 
injections and terebinthinate remedies afterward. 
Mercury is the chief specific in syphilis. 



; 



PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 259 



C. STRUCTURAL DISEASE. 

Including increased nutrition (hypertrophy), dimin- 
ished nutrition (atrophy), and perverted nutrition, 
would open a field too extensive for a table like the 
present. It pertains, too, rather to the department 
of morbid anatomy than to pathology proper. (See 
A, Section IV.) 

MODES OE DEATH. 

I. Beginning at the heart. 1. Suddenly (syncope). 
This is instantaneous ; the subject suddenly turning 
pale, falling back, or dropping down, and expiring 
with one gasp. 

2. Gradually (asthenia). The symptoms are, — 
increasing weakness of body and mind, with perhaps 
no marked derangement in any particular function ; 
increased frequency, and diminishing strength of 
the pulse; the face, lips, &c, becoming paler and 
paler, or of a peculiar sallowness ; extremities be- 
come cold and cedematous ; tongue often dry and 
brown, or furred, and the mouth aphthous ; excre- 
tions imperfectly voided at first, then the sphincters 
lose their power, and the discharges are involun- 
tary ; general sinking. 

II. Beginning at the breathing apparatus (asphyxia 
or apnoea). Symptons : increased feeling of suffo- 
cation ; face, neck, &c, congested, and changing 
from red to purple, and from purple to livid ; 
stupor : reduction of temperature ; weak and irreg- 
ular pulse ; rapid reduction of muscular strength. 

III. Beginning at the brain (coma). Its symptoms 
are those of interrupted function of the brain, in- 
sensibility, and suspension of voluntary motion, 
the heart's action not being materially impaired. 
The excito-motory system of the medulla is often 
affected, as well as the sensorial and voluntary 






260 PATHOLOGY AND THERAPEUTICS. 

functions : hence respiration is interrupted, convul- 
sions sometimes ensue, and the sphincters are re- 
laxed. 

IV. Beginning at the medulla (paralysis). This mode, 
like that of the last, is really by apncea, but the ex- 
cito-motory function is the first to fail. Of course 
there can be no respiration when this ceases. 

V. Beginning with the blood (necraemia). The symp- 
toms are typhoid, putrid, or malignant; a congested 
surface, the color being dusky or livid ; exanthem- 
atous patches on the skin, or petechise ; ecchymo- 
ses, or oozing of thin, bloody fluid from the gums, 
nostrils, &c. ; extreme prostration ; obtuse senses 
and mental faculties ; sometimes with delirium and 
twitching of the limbs ; half-closed eyes and dilated 
pupils ; frequent and unequal respiration ; no ap- 
petite ; intense thirst ; a dry, brown tongue with 
dark sordes on the lips and teeth ; progressive fall 
of temperature; cold, clammy, and fetid perspira- 
tion ; hiccough ; subsultus tendinum ; scanty, offen- 
sive urine ; involuntary discharges. 



INDEX. 



A. 

Abbreviations, 10 
Abdominal symptoms, 230 
Abscess, 16 
Absinthium, 28 
Acacia, 28 

Accumulative effects, 8 
Acer Pennsylvanicum, 28 
Acetate of copper, 67 

lead, 140 

soda, 156 
Acetic acid, 31 
Acetum, 29 

cantharidis, 29 

colchici, 29 

destillatuin, 30 

lobelise, 30 

opii, 30 

sanguinarise, 31 

scillae, 31 
Achillea millefolium, 31 
Acids, 11, 194 
Acidum aceticum, 31 

aceticum, dilutum, 31 

aceticum aromaticum, 31 

arseniosum, 32 

benzoicum, 32 

carbazoticum, 32 

carbolicum, 32 

chromicum, 32 

citricum, 32 

gallicura, 33 

hydrochloricum, 33 

muriaticum, 33 

hvdrochloricum dilutum, 
"33 

hydrocyanic um dilutum, 33 

nitricum, 34 



Acidum nitricum dilutum, 43 

nitro-muriaticum, 35 

nitrosum, 35 

sulphuricum, 35 

aromaticum, 36 

sulphuricum dilutum, 36 

tannicum, 37 

tartaricum, 37 

valerianicum, 37 
Aconite, 37 
Aconitum, 37 
Adeps, 37 

JEther sulphuricus, 37 
^Ethers, 202 
Agave Americana, 38 
Age, in prescriptions, 7 
Agrimonia eupatoria, 38 
Agrimonv, 38 
Alcohol, i4, 38, 202 
Alcoholism, 19 
Aletris, 30 
Alkalies, 12, 194 
Alkaloids, vegetable, 204 
Allium, 39, 132 
Almonds, 42 
Alnus rubra, 39 
Aloe, 39 

Alteration of red particles, 251 
Alteration of fibrin, 253 
AlthEese, 40 
Alum, 40 

curd, 40 

root, 92 
Alumen exsiccatum, 40 
Alumina, 197 
Amber, 163 
American centaury, 150 

columbo, 87 

dittanv, 67 



262 



INDEX. 



American hellebore, 189 

holly, 97 

ipecacuanha, 90 

poplar, 141 
Ammoniacum, 40 
Animonise carbonas, 41 

benzoas, 41 

hydrocliloras, 41 

phosphas, 41 
Ammoniated copper, 68 

iron, 85 
Amygdalae, 42 
Amy him, 42 
Anseniia, 17, 255 
Anethum, 42 
Angelica tree, 45 
Angustura, 42 
Animal charcoal, 53 
Anisum, 42 
Aniseed, 42 
Anthemis, 42 

Antimonium sulphuratum, 43 
Antimonii et potassse tart., 43 
Antimony, 12, 200 
Antirrhinum linaria, 43 
Aphasia, 20 

Apocynum androssemifolium, 
43 

cannabinum, 44 
Aqua acida carbonici, 44 

amygdalae araarse, 44 

camphora, 44 

cinnamomi, 44 

picis liquidse, 45 
Aquae rosse, 207 
Aquilegia vulgaris, 45 
Aralia spinosa, 45 

nudicaulis, 45 
Arctium lappa, 45 
Argenti cyanidum, 45 

iodidum, 45 

nitras, 46 

nitras fusus, 46 

oxidum, 46 
Armoracia, 47 
Arnica, 47 
Aromatic confection, 62 

vinegar, 31 

sulphuric acid, 36 



Arrowroot, 119 

Arsenic, 12, 200 

Arsenious acid, 32 

Arum, 47 

Asarum canadense, 47 

Asclepias, 48 

Asparagus, 48 

Aspect of patient, 226 

Assafoetida, 48 

Astringents, 194 

Atropin, 48 

Attitude of patient, 226 

Aurantii cortex, 49 

Aurum, 90 

Auscultation of chest, 236 

of heart, 237 
Azedarach, 49 



B. 

Balm, 121 

Balmony, 58 

Balsams, 204 

Balsamum Peruvianum, 49 

tolutanum, 49 
Baptisia tinctoria, 49 
Barberry, 50 
Barosma, 51 
Baryta, 197 
Beaked hazel, 66 
Bear's whortleberry, 188 
Bebeeru, 49 
Beech drops, 134 
Belladonna, 47 
Benne, 155 
Benzine, 50 

Benzoate of ammonise, 41 
Benzoic acid, 32 
Benzoin, 50 

Benzoinum odoriferum, 50 
Benzole, 50 
Berberis vulgaris, 50 
Bethroot, 182 
Betula, 50 

Bibron's antidote, 15 
Birch, 50 
Bismuth, 13, 26, 200 



INDEX. 



263 



Bisinuthi subnitras, 50 

trisnitras, 50 

valeriaiias, 51 
Bitter almond water, 44 

cucumber, 61 

polygalse, 141 
Bittersweet, 74 
Black alder, 145 

berry, 149 

hellebore, 92 

oxide of mercury, 95 

pepper, 140 

snakeroot, 59 
Bladder diseases, 16 - 
Blessed thistle, 55 
Blistering fly, 52 

plaster, 56 
Blood root, 152 

diseases, 17 
Blue cohosh, 108 

flag, 106 
Bone diseases, 18 
Boneset, 79 
Borate of soda, 156 
Borax, 156 
Brain diseases, 18 
British oil, 126 
Broom tops, 153 
Bromine, 51, 198 
Brown mixture, 123 
Buchu,' 51 
Buck bean, 121 

thorn, 148 
Bugle weed, 118 
Burdock, 45, 108 
Burning bush, 79 
Butterfly weed, 48 
Butternut, 107 
Button snakeroot, 78, 109 



C. 

Calamina, 51 

prseparata, 51 
Calamine cerate, 56 
Calamus aromaticus, 51 
Calcis carbonas prsecipitatus, 51 
Calendula officinalis, 51 



Calomel, 94 

Calx chlorinata, 51 

Camphor, 51 

water, 44 
Camphora, 51 
Cancer root, 134 
Canella, 52 
Cantharis, 52 

vittata, 53 
Capsicum, 53 
Carbo animalis, 53 

ligni, 53 
Carbolic acid, 18, 20, 23, 32 
Carbonate of lime, 51 

lead, 141 

soda, 156 

zinc, 51 
Carbonic acid water, 44 

oxide, 13 
Cardamomum, 53 
Carrageen, 59 
Carrot, 68 
Carthamus, 54 
Carum, 54 
Caraway, 54 
Caryophyllus, 54 
Cascariila, 54 
Cassia, 54 
Castanea, 55 
Castor, 55 

oil, 130 
Castoreum, 55 
Catalpa cordifolia, 55 
Cataria, 55 
Catnip, 55 
Cathartics, 216 
Catawba tree, 55 
Catechu, 55 

Ceanothus Americanus, 55 
Celandine, 58, 154 
Celastrus scandens, 55 
Centaurea benedicta, 55 
Cera flava et cera alba, 56 
Cerate of acetate of lead, 56 

carbonate of zinc, 58 

subacetate of lead, 56 
Cerates and ointments, 223 
Ceratum calamine, 56 

cantharidis, 56 



264 



INDEX. 



Ceratum cetacea, 56 

plumbi subacetatis, 56 

resinse, 57 

resinse compositum, 57 

sabinse, 57 

saponis, 57 

simplex, 57 

zinci carbonatis, 58 
Cerevisise fermentum, 58 
Cetaceum, 58 
Cetraria, 58 
Chalk mixture, 123 
Chamomile, 42 
Changes in blood by excretion, 

254 
Character of the pulse, 238 
Charcoal, 53 
Chelone glabra, 58 
Chelidonium, 58 
Chenopodium, 58 
Chest symptoms, 229 
Chicory, 59 
Chimaphila, 59 
Chinquapin, 55 
Chloral, 59 

hydrate, 59 
Chloride of calcium, 51 

lime, 51 

sodium, 157 
Chlorine, 13 
Chlorinated lime, 51 
Chloroform, 59 
Chlorosis, 17 
Chondrus, 59 
Chromic acid, 32 
Cichorium intybus, 59 
Cimicifuga, 59 
Cinnabar, 95 
Cinnamon, 60 

water, 44 
Cinchona, 60 
Citrate of iron, 85 

iron and quinia, 86 
Citric acid, 32 
Cleavers, 88 
Climate, 8 

Climbing staff-tree, 55 
Cloves, 54 
Coccus, 61 



Coccyodynia, 18 
Cochineal, 61 
Cochlearia officinalis, 61 
Coco butter, 61 
Cocos butyracea, 61 
Cod-liver oil, 16, 128 
Coffee, 61 
Cohosh, 59 
Colchicum, 61 
Collinsonia, 61 
Collodium, 62 
Colocynthis, 61 
Colombo, 62 
Coloring principles, 205 
Coltsfoot, 184 
Columbine, 45 
Comfrey, 164 
Compound lead cerate, 5Q 

resin cerate, 57 

spirit of ether, 159 
Common mallow, 119 
Comptonia asplenifolia, 62 
Concentrated or resinoid ex 

tracts, 217 
Condition of stomach, 8 
Confectio aromatica, 62 

aurantii, 62 

cassia, 63 

of orange, 62 
; of roses, 63 

opii, 63 

rosse gallicse, 63 

sennse, 63 
Confection, 221 
Conium, 64 
Contrayerva, 64 
Convallaria multinora, 65 
Convolvulus panduratus, 65 
Copaiba, 65 
Copper, 13, 199 
Coptis, 65 
Coriander, 65 
Coriandrum, 65 
Cornus Florida, 65 
Corrosive sublimate, 93 
Corydalis formosa, 65 
Corylus rostrata, 66 
Cotton, 90 
Cotula, 66 






INDEX 



265 



Cough, 234 
Cowhage, 125 
Crane's bill, 89 
Creasote, 66 
Creasotum, 66 
Creta prseparata, 66 
Crocus, 66 
Croton oil, 131 
Crowfoot, 148 
Cubeba, 67 

Cucurbit a citrullus, 67 
Culver's physic, 109 
Cunilla mariana, 67 
Cupri acetas, 67 
sulphas, 67 
Cuprum amnioniatum, 68 
Curcuma, 68 
Cusparia, 42 
Cyanide of silver, 45 
Cyano-hydric acid, 33 
Cyanuret of silver, 45 
Cydonium, 68 
Cypripedium, 68 



D. 

Dandelion, 169 

Daucus, 68 

Deadly nightshade, 49 

Decoctum aloes compositum, 69 

calumbae compositum, 69 
Decoctions, 214 
Decoctum cetrarise, 69 

chiruaphila?, 70 

cinchona?, 70 

cornus Florida?, 70 

dulcamara?, 70 

granati, 71 

hsematoxyli, 71 

hordei, 71 

quercus, 71 

sarza? compositum, 72 

senega?, 72 

scilla?, 72 

taraxaci, 72 

uva? ursi, 73 
Decubitus of patient, 226 
Defect of albumen, 254 



Defect of fibrin, 252 

of red particles, 251 
Defective irritability, 243 

reflex action, 245 

secretion, 248 

sensibility, 244 

tonicity, 243 

voluntary motion, 244 
Derangement of sensation, 231 

voluntary motion, 232 
Derangements of animal heat, 
242 

digestion, 239 

intellect, 233 

perspiration, 242 

reflex system, 232 

respiration, 233 

urinary secretion, 241 
Dewberry root, 149 
Diabetes, 17 
Digitalis, 73 
Dill, 42 
Dilute acetic acid, 31 

hydrochloric acid, 33 

hydrocyanic acid, 33 

nitric acid, 34 

sulphuric acid, 36 
Dioscorea, 73 
Diosma, 51 
Diospyros, 73 
Distilled vinegar, 30 
Dittany. 67 
Dock, 149 

root, 149 
Dogwood, 65 
Dog's bane, 43 
Dog's tooth violet, 79 
Domestic measures, 6 
Dracontium, 74 
Dragon root, 47 
Dried alum, 40 
Dulcamara, 74 
Dver's saffron, 54 
Dyspnoea, 233 



! Earths, 12, 196 



26(5 



INDEX 



Effervescing draught, 33 
Elaterium, 74 
Elder, 151 
Elecampane, 105 
Elixir of vitriol, 36 
Elm, 184 

Emetic tartar, 43 
Emplastrum ammoniaci, 74 

cum hydrargyrum, 74 

assafcetidae, 75 

belladonnae, 75 

cantharidis, 75 

ferri, 76 

galbani compositum, 76 

hydrargyri, 76 

opii, 77 

picis Burgundicse, 77 

picis cum cantharidae, 77 

plumbi, 77 

resinae, 77 

saponis, 77 
Epigaea repens, 78 
Epilepsy, 20 
Ergota, 78 
Erigeron, 78 
Eryngium, 78 
Erythronium, 79 
Essences, 221 
Etherial oil, 126 
Ethiops mineral, 95 
Euonymus, 79 
Eupatorium, 79 
Euphorbia, 79 
Excessive irritability, 243 

reflex action, 245 

secretion, 247 

sensibility, 244 

tonicity, 243 

voluntary motion, 244 
Excess of albumen, 253 

fibrin, 252 

red particles, 251 
Expectoration, 235 
Extracts, 204, 215 
Extractum aconiti, 80 

aconiti alcoholicum, 80 

belladonnae, 80 

cannabis indicae, 80 

cinchonae, 80 



Extractum colchici aceticum, 

80 
colocynthidis compositum, 

80 
conii, 81 

cubebae fluidum, 81 
gentianae, 81 
glycyrrhizae, 81 
haeniatoxyli, 81 
hyoscyami, 82 
jalapae, 82 
juglandis, 82 
krameriae, 82 
nucis vomicae, 82 
piperis fluidum, 82 
podophylli, 83 
quassiae, 83 
rhei, 83 

rhei fluidum, 83 
sarsaparillse fluidum, 83 
sarzae, 83 
stramonii, 83 
sennas fluidum, 83 
spigelian et sennae fluidum, 

83 
taraxaci, 84 
Valerianae fluidum, 84 



F. 

False sarsaparilla, 45 

unicorn plant, 92 
Farinaceous medicines, 202 
Fel bovinum, 25, 26, 84 
Female diseases, 20 
Fennel, 87 
Ferri citras, 85 

et potassae tartras, 86 

et quiniae citras, 86 

ferrocyanidum, 85 

iodidum, 85 

iodidi solution, 114 

lactas, 85 

oxidum hydratum, 85 

phosphas, 86 

ramenta, 86 

subcarbonas, 86 

sulphas, 87 



IN D B X 



267 



Ferritin. B4 

aniinoniatum, So 
per hydrogen, 84 

Feverfew, 147 
Fever root. 182 
Fevers, 21 
Fleas, 87 

Figs. B7 

Fig wort. 154 

Filix. 87 

Fixed oils and fats, 203 

Flaxseed, 111 

Fleabane. 78 

Fluid extracts. 21 S 

Feenieulum. 87 

Fowler's solution. 112 

Foxglove, 73 

Frasera. 87 



G. 

Galbanum. 88 
Galium. 88 
Galhe. B8 
Gallic acid, 33 
Galls, S8 
Garubogia. 88 
Garden lettuce, 108 
Garlic, 39 
Gases. 13 
Gaultheria, 89 
Gelseminuni, 89 
Gentiana?. 89 
Geranium. 89 
German chamomile, 120 
Geum. 89 
Gillenia, 90 
Ginger, 193 
Ginseng. 134 
Glauber's salts. 157 
Glycerina, 90, 203 
Glycyrrhiza, 90 
Gnaphalium, 90 
Gold, 13, 90 
Goldthread, 6-5 
Golden rod, 157 
Goose-grass, 88 
Gossypium, 90 



Goulard's cerate, 5 3 
Gran at um, 90 
Ground laurel, 78 
Guaiacum, 91 
Gum ammoniac. 40 
Gum arabic. 28 
resins, 204 



H. 

Habits. 8 

Hamamelis. 91 

Ha?inatoxylum. 91 

Hardback, 158 

Headache, 20 

Head svmptonis. 227 

Heal-all. 61 

Heart diseases. 22 

Hedeoma. 91 

Helleborus. 92 

Helonias. 92 

Hemlock. 64 

Henbane. 97 

Hepatic a. 92 

Heracleum. 92 

Heuchera. 92 

Hoffman's anodvne, 159 

Honev. 120 

Hops. 93 

Horse-radish. 47 

Horse-weed. 61 

Horsemint. 124 

Humulus, 93 

Hydrangea. 93 

Hvdrar^vri chloridum corrosi- 
vuin. 93 
chloridum mite, 94 
iodidum, 94 
iodidum rubrum, 95 
oxyduni nigrum. 95 
sulphuretum nigrum, 95 
sulphuretum rubrum, 95 
sulphas flavus, 95 

Hydrargyrum ammoniatum, 95 
cum creta, 95 
cum magnesia. 96 
nitrico-oxydum, 96 
oxvdum rubrum, 96 



268 



INDEX. 



Hydrastis, 96 

Hydrate of chloral, 19, 59 

Hydrochlorate of ammonia, 17, 

25, 26, 41 
Hydrochloric acid, 33 
Hyoscyamus, 97 
Hyperemia, 17, 255 
Hypericum, 97 
Hypophosphite of lime, 18 



' I. 

Iceland moss, 58 
Ichthyocolla, 97 
Idiosyncrasy, 8 
Ignatia bean, 162 
Ilex, 97 
Impatiens, 97 
Index of diseases, 16 
Indian hemp, 44 

physic, 90 

tobacco, 117 

turnip, 47 
Inflammation, 11 
Infusions, 208 
Infusum angusturae, 98 

anthemidis, 98 

armoracise, 98 

buchu, 98 

caryophilli, 99 

cascarilla, 99 

catechu compositum, 100 

cinchonae, 100 

columbee, 99 

digitalis, 100 

eupatorii, 101 

gentianae compositum, 101 

humuli, 102 

krameriae, 101 

lini, 101 

pruni Virginianse, 102 

quassias, 102 

rhei, 103 

rosae compositum, 103 

sarsaparillae, 103 

senna, 104 

serpentariae, 104 

spigeliae, 104 



Infusum tabaci, 104 

ulmi, 105 

Valerianae, 105 
Inhalation, 24, 25, 26 
Inorganic products, 194 
Insanity, 19 
Intestinal diseases, 23 
Inula, 105 
Iodide of iron, 85 

mercury, 94 

potassium, 12, 146 

silver, 45 

sulphur, 163 

zinc, 192 
Iodine, 105, 197 
Iodo-argentate of potassium, 46 
Iodo-hydrargyrate of potassi- 
um, 24, 105 
Ipecacuanha, 106 
Iris, 106 
Irish moss, 59 
Iron filings, 86 
Iron, 13,84, 198 
Isinglass, 97 



J. 



Jalap, 106 
Juglans, 107 
Juniperus, 107 



Kalmia latifolia, 107 
Kidney diseases, 23 
Kino, 107 
Kooso, 108 
Krameria, 108 



Labarraque's disinfectant, 117 
Lac sulphuris, 163 
| Lactate of iron, 85 
Lactuca sativa, 108 
Lactucarium, 108 



INDEX. 



269 



Ladies' slipper, 68 
Lappa, 108 
Lard, 37 

Laryngeal and tracheal dis- 
eases, 24 
Lavandula, 108 
Lavender flowers, 108 
Lead, 13, 200 
Lemons, 109 
Leopard's bane, 47 
Leontice thalictroides, 108 
Leptandra virginica, 109 
Lettuce, 108 
Liatris spicata, 109 
Life-everlasting, 90 

root, 154 
Lignin and its derivatives, 201 
Lime, 196 
Limones, 109 
Linimentum ammoniae, 109 

calcis, 109 

camphorae, 109 

camphorae compositum, 110 

cantharidis, 110 

hydrargyri compositum, 110 

opii, 110 

saponis camphoratum, 110 

taoaci, 111 

terebinthinae, 111 
Linseed oil, 128 
Linum, 111 
Lion's foot, 145 
Liquids, 222 
Liquor aluminis compositus, 111 

anmioniae, 111 

ammonise acetatis, 112 

arsenicalis, 112 

arsenici et hvdrargyri iodi- 
di, 112 

barii chloridi, 113 

calcii chloridi, 113 

calcis, 113 

ferri iodidi, 114 

iodinii compositus, 114 

magnesise citratis, 115 

morphiae acetatis, 115 

morphiae sulphatis, 115 

plumbi subacetatis, 115 

potassae, 116 



Liquor potassae arsenitis, 112 
potassae carbonatis, 116 
potassae citratis, 117 
sodae chlorinatae, 117 

Liquorice, 90 

Liriodendron, 117 

Liver diseases, 24 

Liverwort, 92 

Lobelia, 117 

Local anaesthetics, 15 

Logwood, 90 

Long pepper, 139 

Lunar caustic, 46 

Lung diseases, 25 

Lycopus, 118 



M. 

Mace, 125 
Madder, 149 
Magnesia, 118, 197 
Magnesiae carbonas, 118 

sulphas, 118 
Magnolia, 119 
Male fern, 87 
Malva, 119 
Mandrake, 141 
Manganese, 199 
Manganesii oxidum, 119 
Manna, 119 
Maranta, 119 
Marjoram, 134 
Marigold, 51 
Marrubium, 119 
Marshmallow, 40 
Marsh rosemary, 162 
Masterwort, 92 
Mastiche, 120 
Materia medica, 194 
Matico, 120 
Matricaria, 120 
Mayapple, 141 
Mayweed, 66 
Medicated waters, 207 

wines, 217 
Mel, 120 

despumatum, 120 

rosae, 120 



270 



INDEX 



Melissa, 121 
Mentha piperita, 121 

viridis, 121 
Menyanthes, 121 
Mercury, 13, 201 
Mercury with chalk, 95 

with magnesia, 96 
Metallic elements, 197 
Mezereon bark, 121 
Mezereum, 121 
Milfoil, 31 
Mineral acids, 194 
Mistura ammoniaci, 122 

amygdalae, 122 

assafoetida, 122 

cretae, 123 

ferri composita, 123 

glycyrrhizse composita, 123 
Monarda, 124 
Morphia, 124 
Morphise acetas, 124 

murias, 124 

sulphas, 124 
Moschus, 124 
Mountain laurel, 107 
Mucilages, 202 
Mucilago acaciae, 28, 124 

tragacanthae, 125 
Mucuna, 125 
Mullein, 189 
Murias ammonias, 41 
Musk, 124 
Mustard seed, 155 
Myristica, 125 
Myrrha, 125 



N. 

Naphtha, 125 

Neck symptoms, 227 

Neutral crystalline principles, 

205 
Neutral organic principles, 204 
New Jersey tea, 55 
Nitrate of silver, 20, 24, 46 
Nitric acid, 34 

oxide of mercury, 96 



Nitro-muriatic acid, 17, 25, 26 

35 
Nitrous acid, 35 
Non-metallic elements, 197 
Nutmegs, 125 
Nux vomica, 126 



Oak, 147 

Oil of almonds, 126 
anise, 126 
amber, 130 
cajuput, 126 
caraway, 127 
cinnamon, 127 
cloves, 127 
cubebs, 127 
fennel, 127 
horsemint, 128 
juniper, 128 
lavender, 128 
nutmeg, 129 
origanum, 129 
partridge-berry, 127 
pennyroyal, 127 
peppermint, 128 
pimento, 129 
rosemary, 130 
sassafras, 130 
savine, 130 
spearmint, 128 
turpentine, 131 
valerian, 131 
wormseed, 127 

Oleo-resins, 264 

Oleum amygdalae, 126 
anisi, 126 
sethereuni, 126 
cajuputi, 126 
carui, 127 
caryophylli, 127 
chenipodii, 127 
cinnamomi, 127 
copaibas, 127 
cubeba, 127 
foeniculi, 127 
gaultheriae, 127 



INDEX. 



271 



Oleum hedeomae, 127 

juniperi, 128 

lavandulae, 128 

lini, 128 

menthae piperitae, 128 

menthae viridis, 128 

nionardae, 128 

morrhuae, 128 

mvristicae, 129 

olivae, 129 

origani, 129 

piinentae, 129 

ricini, 130 

rosinarini, 130 

sabinae, 130 

sassafras, 130 

succini, 130 

succini oxidurn, 131 

terebinthinae, 131 

tiglii, 131 

Valeriana?, 131 
Olive oil, 129 
Onion, 132 
Opium, 14, 132 

confection, 63 

preparations of, 133, 214 
Orange-peel, 49 
Organic products, 201 
Origanum, 134 
Orobanche Yirginiana, 134 
•Orris, 106 
Ovarian diseases, 21 
Oxide of silver, 46 

zinci, 192 
Ox gall, 84 
Oxymel scillae, 134 
Oyster shells, 170 



P. 

Pain as symptom, 231, 235 
Palm oil, 61 
Panax, 134 
Papaver, 134 
Paralysis, 20 
Pareira, 135 
Partridge berry, 89 
Parsley root, 135 



Pathologv and therapeutics, 243 
Peffitory, 147 

Pennyroyal, 91 
Peppermint, 121 
Pepsin, 17 

Percussion of chest, 235 
Persimmon, 73 
Petroselinum, 135 
Petroleum, 125 
Perverted secretion, 250 

sensibility, 244 

voluntary motion, 245 
Peruvian balsam, 49 

bark, 60 
Pharmaceutical preparations, 

207 
Phenic acid, 32 
Phosphas sodae, 135, 157 
Phosphate of ammonia, 41 

of iron, 86 

lime, 16 
Phosphorus, 13 
Physiognomical rugae, 227 
Physiological symptoms, 231 
Phytolacca?, 135 
Picric acid, 32 
Pilewort, 154 
Pills, 222 
Pilulae aloes, 135 

aloes et myrrhaa, 136 

aloes compositae, 136 

aloes cum zingibere, 136 

assafcetidae, 136 

calomelanos et opii, 137 

catharticae compositae, 137 

copaibae, 137 

digitalis et scillae, 137 

ferri, 136 

ferri carbonatis, 137 

ferri compositae, 137 

ferri iodidi, 138 

ferri sulphatis. 138 

galbani compositae, 138 

hydrargyri, 138 

hydrargyri chloridi mitis, 
138 

opii, 138 

quinae sulphatis, 139 

rhei compositae, 139 



272 



INDEX. 



Pilulse saponis composite, 139 

scillas eomp., 139 
Pimeni;a, 139 
Pink root, 158 
Piper longum, 139 

nigrum, 140 
Pipsissewa, 59 
Pitch, 146 
Pix, 140 

Burgundica, 140 

Canadensis, 140 

liquida, 140 
Plantago major, 140 
Pleurisy root, 48 
Plumbi acetas, 140 

carbonas, 140 
Podophyllum peltatum, 141 
Poison oak, 182 
Poisons and antidotes, 11 
Poke root, 135 
Polygala rubella, 141 
Polygonum punctatum, 114 
Pomegranate, 91 
Populus tremuloides, 141 
Potassa, 141 

cum calce, 142 
Potassse acetas, 142 

bicarbonas, 142 

bitartras, 142 

carbonas, 143 

chloras, 143 

nitras, 143 

sulphas, 143 

tartras, 144 
Potassii bromidum, 144 

ferrocyanuretum, 144 

iodidum, 144 

sulphuretum, 144 
Potato fly, 53 
Powders, 221 
Prenanthes, 145 
Preparations of earths, 196 

opium, 214 
Prepared calamine, 51 

chalk, 66 
Prickly ash, 45, 192 
Primary elements of disease, 243 
Prinos, 145 
Properties of muscular fibre, 243 



Proportion of doses, 7 

Prostration, 11 

Protein and similar principles 
202 

Prunum, 145 

Prunus Virginianae, 145 

Prussian blue, 85 

Prussic acid, 33 

Pulse, 238 

Pulvis aloes cum canella, 146 
aromaticus, 146 
ipecacuanha? et opii, 146 
jalap* compositus, 146 
rhei compositus, 146 
seillae, 147 

Purpura, 18 

Pyaemia, 17 

Pyrethrum, 147 



Q. 

Quassia, 147 

Queen's root, 162 

Quercus, 147 

Quince, 68 

Quiniae murias, 147 
sulphas, 148 
valerianas, 148 



R. 

Raisins, 188 

Ranunculus, 148 

Red saunders wood, 152 

cedar, 107 

clover, 182 

iodide of mercury, 95 

oxide of mercury, 96 

precipitate, 96 
Resina, 148 
Resin cerate, 57 
Resins, 204 
Respiratory changes in blood, 

254 
Rhamni, 148 
Rhatany, 108 
Rheum, 148 



INDEX. 



273 



Rhubarb, 148 
wine, 191 
Rhus glabrum, 149 
Rochelle salt, 157 
Root of madder, 149 
Rosa, 149 
Rose honey, 120 
Rosemary, 149 
Rosmarinus, 149 
Rubia, 149 

Rubus trivialis villosus, 149 
Rue, 150 

Rules to proportion the doses, 9 
Rumex, 149 
Ruta, 150 



Sabadilla, 150 
Sabbatia, 150 
Sabina, 150 
Saccharum, 150, 202 

lactis, 150 
Saffron, 66 
Sagapenum, 150 
Sage, 151 
Sago, 151 
Sal ammoniac, 41 
Salicini, 151 
Salix cortex, 151 
Salvia, 151 
Sambucus, 151 
Sanguinaria, 152 
Santalum, 152 
Santonin, 152 
Sapo, 152 
Sarsaparilla, 152 
Sassafras, 153 
Savine cerate, 57 

leaves, 150 
Scammony, 153 
Scammonium, 153 
Scillse, 153 
Scoparius, 153 
Scrophularia nodosa, 154 
Scullcap, 154 
Scutellaria laterifolia, 154 



Scurvy, 18 

grass, 61 
Secondary elements of disease, 

255 
Senecio aurens, 154 
Senega, 154 
Senna leaves, 154 
Serpentarise radix, 154 
Serpents, poisonous, 14 
Sesamum, 155 

Sesquicarbonate of ammonia, 41 
Sevum, 155 
Sex, 7 

Silk-weed, 48 
Silver, 13, 200 
Simaruba, 155 
Simple cerate, 57 
Sinapis, 155 
Skunk cabbage, 74 
Snake root, 154 
Soap, 152 

cerate, 57 
Sodse acetas, 156 

bicarbonas, 156 

boras, 156 

carbonas, 156 

et potassse tartras, 157 

phosphas, 157 

sulphas, 157 
Sodii chloridum, 157 
Solidago, 157 
Solomon's seal, 65 
Solutio acetatis zinci, 158 
Solution of acetate of zinc, 158 
Spearmint, 121 
Spermaceti, 58 
Spice bush, 50 
Spigelia, 158 
Spiraea, 158 
Spirit of Mindererus, 112 

nitric ether, 158 
Spirits or essences, 221 
Spiritus setheris nitrici, 158 

aetheris compositus, 159 

ammonise, 159 

ammonise aromaticus, 159 

ammonias foetidus, 159 

camphoratus, 159 

juniperi compositus, 160 

18 



274 



INDEX. 



Spiritus lavandulas, 160 

lavandulas compositus, 160 

menthas piperitas, 160 

menthas pulegii, 160 

menthas viridis, 160 

myristicas, 160 

piinentas, 161 

pyroxylicus, 161 

rosmarina, 161 

vini gallici, 161 
Spongia, 161 
Spongias ustas, 161 
Spurge, 79 
Spurred rye, 78 
Squill, 153 
Stanni pulvis, 161 
Starch, 42 
Star-grass, 39 
Starwort, 92 
Statice, 162 
Stillingia, 162 
Stomach diseases, 26: 
Storax, 162 
Stramonii, 162 
Striped maple, 28 
Strychnia, 162 
Strychnos nux vomica, 162 

ignatia, 162 
Styrax, 162 
St. Johnswort, 97 
Sublimed sulphur, 163 
Succinum, 163 
Suet, 155 
Sugar, 150 
Sulphate of bebeerin, 49 

copper, 67 

iron, 87 

soda, 157 

zinc, 193 
Sulphur, 163, 198 

prascipitatum, 163 

sublimatum, 163 
Sulphuric acid, 36 

ether, 37 
Sulphurus iodidum, 163 
Sumach, 149 
Sweet fern, 62 
Sweet flag, 51 

spirits of nitre, 158 



Symphytum, 164 
Symptomatology, 226 

topographical, 226 

physiological, 231 
Syrups, 219 
Syrupus acacias, 164 

aceti, 164 

allii, 165 

amygdalae, 165 

aurantii, 165 

ipecacuanhas, 165 

kramerias, 166 

limonum, 166 

pruni Virginianse, 167 

rhei, 166 

rhei aromaticus, 166 

sarsaparillae compositus, 166 

senegas, 168 

sennas, 167 

simplex, 164 

sciUas, 167 

scillas compositus, 167 

tolutanus, 168 

zingiberis, 168 



T. 

Tabacum, 168 
Tag alder, 39 
Tamarind whey, 169, 
Tamarindus, 16,9 
Tanacetum, 169 
Tannic acid, 37 
Tannin, 37 
Tansy, 169 
Tapioca, 169 
Tar, 140 

water, 45 
Taraxacum, 169 
Tartar emetic, 43 
Tartaric acid, 37 
Tartrate of iron and potassa, 86 
Temperament, 8 
Testas, 170 
Thorn apple, 162 
Thoroughwort, 79 
Throat symptoms, 229 
Thrombosis, 18 



INDEX. 



275 



Tin, 13, 161 

Tinctura aconiti foliorum, 170 

aconiti radicis, 170 

aloes, 170 

aloes et myrrhae, 170 

arnicae, 170 

assafoetidae, 171 

belladonnae, 171 

benzoini compositae, 171 

buchu, 171 

camphorae, 171 

cannabis indicae, 171 

cantharidis, 172 

capsici, 172 

cardamomi, 172 

cardamomi composita, 172 

castorei, 173 

catechu, 173 

cinchonae, 173 

cinchonae composita, 173 

cinnamomi, 173 

cinnamomi composita, 174 

colchici, 174 

colchici composita, 174 

Colombo, 174 

conii, 174 

cubebae, 175 

digitalis, 175 

ferri chloridi, 175 

gallae 175 

gallae aromaticus, 176 

gentianae compositae, 176 

guaiaci, 176 

guaiaci ammoniata, 176 

hellebori, 176 

humuli, 177 

hyoscyami, 177 

iodinii, 177 

iodinii composita, 177 

jalapae, 177 

kino, 177 

lobeliae, 178 

myrrhae, 178 

olei mentbaae piperitae, 178 

opii, 178 

opii acetata, 178 

opii camphorata, 179 

quassiae, 179 

rhei, 179 



Tinctura rhei et aloes, 179 

rhei et gentianae, 179 

rhei et sennae, 180 

sanguinariae, 180 

saponis camphorata, 180 

scillae, 180 

sennae et jalapae, 180 

serpentariae, 180 

stramonii, 181 

tolutani, 181 

Valeriana, 181 

Valerianae ammoniati, 181 

zingiberis, 181 
Tinctures, 209 
Toad flax, 43 
Tobacco, 168 
Tolu balsam, 49 
Toothache tree, 45 
Tormentilla, 182 
Touch-me-not, 97 
Toxaemia, 17 
Toxicodendron, 182 
Tragacantha, 182 
Trailing arbutus, 78 
Trifolium, 182 
Trillium, 182 
Triosteum, 182 
Trisnitrate of bismuth, 50 
Trochisci acaciae, 183 

cretae, 183 

glycyrrhiza et opii, 183 

ipecacuanhae, 183 

magnesiae, 183 

menthae piperitae, 183 

morphiae et ipecacuanhae, 
184 
Tulip tree bark, 117 
Turkey corn, 65 
Turmeric, 68 
Turner's cerate, 56 
Turpeth mineral, 95 
Tussilago, 184 

U. 

Ulmus, 184 

Unguentum antimonii, 184 

aquae rosae, 184 

belladonnae, 185 



276 



INDEX 



Unguentum cantharidis, 185 

creasoti, 185 

cupri subacetis, 185 

gallae, 185 

hydrargyri, 185 

hygrargyri nitratis, 185 

hydrargyri oxidi rubi, 185 

iodinii, 186 

iodinii compositum, 186 

mezerei, 186 

picis liquidae, 186 

plumbi carbonatis, 186 

simplex, 186 

stramonii, 186 

sulphuris, 187 

sulphuris compositum, 187 

veratri, 187 

zinci, 187 
Unofficinal and pseudo-ex- 
tracts, 217 

fluid extracts, 218 
Uterine diseases, 20 
TJva passa, 188 

ursi, 188 



V. 

Valeriana, 188 
Valerian root, 188 
Valerianate of bismuth, 51 
Valerianic acid, 37 
Vegetable alkaloids, 206 

acids, 206 
Venereal diseases, 26 
Veratria, 188 
Veratrum album, 188 

viride, 189 
Verbascum thapsus, 189 
Verbena officinalis, 189 
Vervain, 189 
Vinegar, 29, 214 

of bloodroot, 31 

of cantharides, 29 

of lobelia, 30 

of meadow saffron, 29 

of opium, 30 

of squill, 31 

whey, 29 



Vinum aloes, 189 

antimonii, 189 

colchici radicis, 190 

ergotas, 190 

ipecacuanhse, 190 

opii, 190 

rhei, 191 

xericum, 191 
Viola, 189 
Violet, 189 

Volatile or essential oils, 203 
Volume of body, 227 



W. 

Wahoo, 79 
Water avens, 89 
Water melon, 67 

pepper, 141 
Wax, 56 

Weights and measures, 5 
White horehound, 119 

hellebore, 188 

poppy, 134 

precipitate, 95 
Wild chamomile, 66 

cherry bark, 145 

cucumber, 74 

ginger, 47 

indigo, 49 

potato, 65 

yam, 73 
Wine of aloes, 189 

ergot, 190 

ipecac, 190 

opium, 190 
Winter a, 191 
Winter's bark, 191 
Witch hazel, 91 
Wormseed, 58 
Wormwood, 28 
Wood naphtha, 161 
Woody nightshade, 74 



X. 

Xanthorrhiza, 191 



INDEX. 



277 



Xaiitkoxvlum, 192 



Y. 

Yarrow, 31 
Yeast. 5S 

Yellow jasmine, 89 
root, 96, 191 



Zinc, 13, 199 
Zinci acetas, 192 

carbon as prsecipitatus, 192 

chloriduni, 192 

iodidum, 192 

oxydum, 192 

sulphas, 193 
Zingiber, 193 



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